致禽肾脏、肠道病变大肠杆菌菌影的制备及其裂解效率的测定

为制备高裂解效率的致禽肾脏、肠道病变大肠杆菌菌影,本研究通过编码15个柔性氨基酸linker采用融合PCR法将噬菌体中Φ174的裂解蛋白E基因和金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶A基因(SN)串联(E-15L-SN),插入温控表达质粒pBV220,构建重组温控双裂解表达质粒(pBV-ES),采用PCR扩增其温控双基因裂解表达盒(DLS-ES)插入E.coli-Pasteurella(大肠杆菌和巴氏杆菌)穿梭质粒pBA1100,构建重组温控双基因裂解穿梭质粒pBA1100-DLS-ES。该质粒可以通过温控制备高裂解率的E.coli和Pasteurella两种菌的菌影。本实验将构建的pBA1100-DLS-ES电转化至致禽肾脏、肠道病变E.coli中,28℃集菌,42℃温控诱导裂解蛋白E和核酸酶A表达。OD_(600nm)值及电镜结果表明,双基因裂解率高于单基因,同时收集菌影时间也比单基因裂解短,42℃诱导2 h含双裂解基因的菌液处理菌体裂解率达到99.9999%,本实验利用菌影形成机制将含青霉素抗性的致禽肾脏、肠道病变E.coli制备成菌影,为新型菌影疫苗的制备提供实验依据。     

副猪嗜血杆菌菌影的制备

为研制副猪嗜血杆菌(H.parasuis)菌影疫苗,本实验通过PCR扩增噬菌体PhiX174的裂解基因E,将其连接到含有λPL/PR-cI857启动阻遏系统的pBV220载体中,使裂解基因E与λPL/PR-cI857串联成为温度敏感的裂解盒,构建重组质粒pBV-E。并将含有E基因的裂解盒插入pMD18-T载体中,构建H.parasuis打孔质粒(pMD-E)。采用电击穿孔法将其转入E.coliβ2155中,利用接合的方式将打孔质粒转入H.parasuis 5型菌株中。将含有打孔质粒的H.parasuis在28℃培养至对数生长期,升温到42℃诱导E基因表达,制备H.parasuis菌影。电镜观察菌影形态完整,内容物全部被释放到胞外。本实验为进一步研究菌影疫苗奠定了基础。     

利用温控双表达载体制备印第安纳沙门菌菌蜕

为制备安全高效的印第安纳沙门菌菌蜕,本研究以温控质粒pTCV为载体,分别构建出只含噬菌体PhiX174裂解基因E的pTCK01质粒、同时含裂解基因E和金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶A(SNA)的pTCK02质粒及对裂解基因E和SNA密码子优化后的p TCK03质粒,分别转化印第安纳沙门菌S1105后经42℃诱导表达,并对各重组菌开展溶菌动力学监测、重组菌的基因组电泳检测和菌蜕电镜观察。PCR鉴定结果表明,重组质粒pTCK01、pTCK02和pTCK03均正确构建。溶菌动力学显示,含质粒pTCK03的重组菌S1105(pTCK03/S1105)的OD_(600nm)值在诱导后120 min达到最低,且低于重组菌p TCK01/S1105和重组菌pTCK02/S1105,之后一直稳定在最低水平;其溶菌率也显著高于pTCK01/S1105和p TCK02/S1105(p0.05)。基因组电泳检测结果显示,pTCK03/S1105基因组在诱导1 h后即被降解且降解得最彻底。扫描和透射电镜观察结果显示,pTCK03/S1105菌蜕表面形态明显皱缩,胞质内容物完全释放。上述结果表明,通过优化裂解基因E和SNA密码子可提高印第安纳沙门菌菌蜕的裂解效率,并彻底降解了其遗传物质,本研究为印第安纳沙门菌菌蜕疫苗的研发提供新思路和参考。     

双重溶菌质粒制备鸡痢疾志贺菌菌壳的研究

通过将2种不同的重组溶菌质粒转化至鸡痢疾志贺菌中,构建含有双重溶菌质粒的志贺菌重组菌株,以提高该菌菌壳制备的裂解率和稳定性,并对其特性进行研究.用重组溶菌质粒pBV220::E和pBBRIMCS-E共同转化到鸡痢疾志贺菌,构建志贺菌重组菌株Sd(pBV220::E/pBBRI MCS-E),重组菌株于28 C培养至D600值为0.5时升至42℃继续培养,间隔30 min检测菌液D600值,进行重组菌株的溶菌裂解动力学比较试验,绘制裂解曲线图并计算出裂解率,制备菌壳并对其形态进行电镜观察.重组菌株Sd(pBV220::E/pBBRIMCS-E)经42℃诱导后可形成菌壳且保留了基本的细胞形态,裂解率达到了99.999 9％.本研究成功制备出鸡痢疾志贺菌菌壳,为研究利用该菌菌壳预防鸡痢疾志贺菌病的可行性奠定了基础.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌"菌影"的制备

本试验通过PCR扩增噬菌体PhiX174 的裂解基因E,将该基因连接到含有入PL/PR-cI857启动阻遏系统的pBV220 栽体中,从而使裂解基因E和启动阻遏系统入PL/PR-cI857串联成为温度敏感的裂解盒,构建重组质粒pBV-E.再将含有E基因的裂解盒插入到App-E.coli穿梭载体pGZRS-18中,构建胸膜肺炎放线杆菌打孔质粒.采用电击穿孔法将其转入胸膜肺炎放线杆菌中,含有打孔质粒的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌在28℃条件下生长到对数生长期,升温42℃诱导E基因的表达,制备了胸膜肺炎放线杆菌菌影.电镜观察菌影形态完整,内容物全部被释放到胞外.本试验为进一步研究菌影这一新型菌苗及佐剂奠定了基础.     

黄颡鱼维氏气单胞菌体内诱导基因的筛选

为筛选黄颡鱼维氏气单胞菌(A.veronii)体内诱导基因,本研究将A.veronii人工感染黄颡鱼,取不同感染时间的血清并混合,分别利用体外培养的A.veronii和宿主菌BL21(DE3)全菌体、两者菌体裂解物以及其热变性裂解物与血清充分吸附处理,同时构建黄颡鱼A.veronii基因组的p ET-30a/b/c系列重组质粒表达文库。以吸附后的血清为探针,采用菌落原位杂交技术对A.veronii基因组文库进行免疫筛选,将筛选的阳性克隆进行测序、分析。结果显示:最终获得了5个A.veronii基因的开放阅读框,分别为核苷酸通透酶nup C基因、多药转运蛋白mat E基因、羧基肽酶cpg2基因、Ⅲ型分泌系统asc V基因以及保守假想蛋白基因。本研究结果为深入了解A.veronii致病的分子机制及保护性抗原的筛选奠定基础。     

犬布鲁氏菌菌壳疫苗的制备简

菌壳技术是一种新型的灭活疫苗制备方法,通过非变性的灭活方式保存细菌表面多个抗原表位,所制备的菌壳可作为预防细菌病的理想疫苗。本试验从噬菌体PhiX174 DNA钓取裂解E基因,连接至温控原核表达载体pBV220,通过PCR在所构建的pBV220+E上扩增出蛋白裂解部件（protein lysis component,PLC）,该部件包含阻遏蛋白cI857、溶菌E基因及终止序列rrnbT1T2,然后将其克隆至广宿主表达载体pBBR1MCS-2中,最终将构建的广宿主裂解质粒pBBR+PLC电转入犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66中。试验结果表明,经42 ℃诱导后,广宿主裂解质粒对犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66的裂解率达100%,成功制备了犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66菌壳疫苗。本试验通过菌壳技术制备的犬布鲁氏菌疫苗对预防宠物犬布鲁氏菌病起到重要作用,同时也对人兽布鲁氏菌疫苗的研制提供新策略。     

动物用菌影疫苗研究进展

动物用菌影疫苗是目前细菌疫苗研究的一个热点.菌影是革兰阴性菌在噬菌体PhiX174的裂解基因E表达产物作用下裂解后形成的完整细菌空壳,其保持了细菌完整的细胞膜结构,保留了细菌细胞的形态、黏附性和抗原特性.这种细菌外壳作为免疫原能够激发机体产生强烈的免疫反应,不需要添加佐剂,并且无致病性,与常规疫苗相比具有更好的安全性和有效性,有望为动物细菌性疾病疫苗的研制开发提供一种新思路.论文主要介绍了几种动物用菌影疫苗的最新研究进展,以期为动物用新型疫苗研究提供参考.     

鸭源大肠杆菌O_(78)菌蜕的制备及免疫原性研究

为制备大肠杆菌(E.coli)菌蜕并研究其免疫原性,本研究将带有裂解基因E的质粒pHH43转化致病性鸭源E.coli O78,构建获得E.coli O78/pHH43重组菌。于不同培养温度下研究重组菌E裂解蛋白表达所介导的宿主菌的裂解情况,结果显示在42℃培养时最佳诱导时间为4h,约90%的重组菌被裂解失活,以冻干法及添加庆大霉素完全灭活未裂解的细菌后制备"菌蜕疫苗"。雏鸭免疫试验表明,接种E.coli O78/pHH43菌蜕两周后免疫雏鸭可产生对同源强毒菌株致死剂量攻击的免疫保护。比较E.coli O78/pHH43菌蜕与甲醛灭活的同株E.coli所诱导的免疫保护效果,结果免疫保护率分别为87.5%和75%,表明菌蜕比甲醛灭活法能更有效地诱导机体的特异性免疫应答。     

菌影的制备方法及应用

菌影是细菌在物理、化学或生物的因素作用下,其核酸等内含物流失而形成的细菌空壳。论文介绍了目前菌影的不同形成机制和制备方法———基因灭活、抗菌肽穿孔细胞膜、化合物处理等方法,并通过分析不同制备方法的菌体裂解率,总结高效制备菌影的方法,为大规模生产安全有效的菌影及其作为疫苗、外源抗原载体的应用提供参考。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定，共拍摄照片6幅，查明猪獾全身共有252共骨头，另有4块喉软骨，长约4．3cm，略弯圆柱状阴茎骨，16对肋软骨，上下各1对犬齿，较发达，分别长1．4cm,1.3cm，发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居，行动迟缓的骨骼特征：（1）胸椎发达，颈椎，腰椎较发达；（2）胸骨的前端愈合完全，后端膨大突出：（3）前肢短，有29．5cm，后肢长，有33．4cm，均有强大锐利的脚爪；（4）尾椎较长，全长16．9cm。