鸡盲肠传出神经元分布的研究

将100～150mL/L HRP水溶液注入成年母鸡左侧盲肠的浆膜下，研究鸡盲肠传出神经元的分布。结果表明：支配盲肠的交感节后神经元位于T3-LS1交感干神经节(占64．7％)，峰值位于T5-T6交感干神经节，少数位于肾上腺神经节(占17．8％)和内脏神经节(占17．5％)；在肠神经内有大量标记细胞；在延脑迷走神经核中未出现标记的神经元；在盆神经内未看到被标记的支配盲肠的副交感节后神经元。     

支配鸡肝的交感传出神经元分布规律的研究

为了解支配鸡肝的交感传出神经元的分布规律，将CT—HRP溶液注入鸡肝门周围区，动物存活3～4d后，经左心室灌流固定，取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节，制成50μm厚的连续冰冻切片，TMB法呈色反应，明视野显微镜下观察统计。结果发现，支配鸡肝的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节（占41．9％）、肾上腺神经节（占41．7％）和T2～T7交感干神经节（占16．4％）。在交感干神经节中，标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节。     

鸡胰腺交感传出神经元的分布研究

用霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪法对鸡胰腺的交感传出神经元的定位进行了研究.结果表明,鸡胰腺的交感传出神经元位于双侧的肾上腺神经节、内脏神经节和T3-T7交感干神经节,在交感干神经节中集中分布节段在T5交感干神经节.     

北京鸭胃的交感神经节后神经元定位——HRP法研究

将HRP(Horseradish peroxidase)蒸馏水溶液注入北京鸭前胃和肌胃的肌层及浆膜下,取两侧颈十五(C_(15))到腰二(L_2)交感干神经节、两侧内脏神经节和肠系膜前神经节,经BDHC法成色,明视野下观察。前胃注射区,在两侧胸1-8(T_(1-8))交感干神经节、两侧内脏神经节及肠系膜前神经节内存在有酶标细胞。在交感干神经节,酶标细胞集中在T_(1-5)各节出现,T_(1-2)节出现最多。标记细胞总数,交感干神经节内最多(占59.06％),内脏神经节次之(占37.36％),肠系膜前神经节内最少(占3.48％)。肌胃注射区,在交感干神经节、内脏神经节及肠系膜前神经节内均观察到酶细胞。标记细胞总数,内脏神经节内最多(占73.85％),交感干神经节内次之(占19.08％),肠系膜前神经节内最少(占7.07％)。在交感干神经节,标记细胞出规范围是T_(1-9)。前背薄肌集中出现在T_(1-5),后背厚肌、前腹厚肌及后腹薄肌集中存在于T_(2-6),在T_(3-4)分布最多。     

应用辣根过氧化物酶法对鸡胃的交感节后神经元定位的研究

用体重１．０－２．５ｋｇ的成年母鸡９只，将辣根过氧化物酶分别注入腺胃和肌胃，２－４ｄ后，经心室灌流固定，取双侧颈、胸、腰段交感于神经节，内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节和腹腔神经节，制成５０μ厚的连续冰冻切片，四甲基联苯胺法反应呈色，明视野显微镜观察。结果发现，腺胃的交感节后神经元标记细胞主要位于交感干神经节的内脏神经节次之，肾上腺神经节又次之，位于腹腔神经节的最少。     

鸡肝脏交感传入神经元的定位研究

用霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶(CT-HRP)逆行追踪法,研究了支配家禽肝脏的交感传入神经元定位。选用体重1.5 kg~2.5 kg的成年母鸡7只,将CT-HRP溶液注入肝门区,动物存活3 d~4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取胸、腰和荐段各脊神经节,制成50μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观察统计。结果发现,支配鸡肝脏的交感传入神经元胞体位于T2~T7脊神经节,其峰值位于T5、T6脊神经节。说明支配鸡肝脏的交感传入神经元胞体仅位于胸段脊神经节。     

马盲肠交感神经节后神经元的分布——HRP法研究

选用成年马5匹,用HRP法研究了马盲肠交感神经节后神经元的分布。结果:被标记的交感神经节后神经元胞体主要集中于腹腔肠系膜神经节内,同时马的后肠系膜神经节和T_(6～16)、L_(1～6)交感于上的椎旁神经节也都含有标记细胞,这与传统的观点不同,说明支配马盲肠交感神经的来源相当广泛。标记细胞的形态多种多样,以中、小型细胞为主。     

辣根过氧化物酶标记法研究鸡直肠传入神经元的分布

采用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）逆行追踪法研究了鸡直肠感觉传入神经元的分布，证明鸡直肠脊神经感觉传入神经元集中分布于双侧T5～LS3和LS7～LSl2脊神经节，峰值位于T7和LS10脊神经节；LS7-LS12区段脊神经节内标记细胞明显多于T5～LS3区段脊神经节内的标记细胞；标记细胞为椭圆形和圆形。     

肾上腺与肾脏交感神经低级中枢及外周神经元定位研究进展

交感神经是植物性神经系统的重要组成部分。人们采用不同的研究方法,如染质溶解法、HRP法,对交感神经低级中枢位置即交感节前神经元定位和交感神经的外周神经元即交感节后神经元定位进行了广泛和深入的研究。结果表明,交感节前神经元位于胸腰段脊髓中间带区的不同核团内,支配不同器管的交感节前神经元在脊髓内有一定的分布节段;交感节后神经元位于外周植物性神经节内,如交感干神经节、腹腔神经节、肠系膜前神经节、主动脉肾神经节,支配不同器官的交感节后神经元在不同交感干神经节内有一定的分布节段。     

兔减压神经的纤维成分—HRP法

艇ＨＲＰ法对兔减压神经进行了研究，标记的传入神经元绝大多数位于迷走神经结状节尾侧半部偏一侧，少数见于颈静脉神经节，其中枢突标记终末见于延髓闩以上的孤束核内侧部，腹侧部以及迷背核内。在颈前节也出现标记细胞，表明减压神经中也含有起源于 前节的交感节后纤维成分。主动脉压力感受器有经减压神经来的感觉神经交感节后神经纤维支配。提示减压神经是含有一般内脏传入和一般内脏传出纤维的混合神经，为研究心血管生理提供了     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定，共拍摄照片6幅，查明猪獾全身共有252共骨头，另有4块喉软骨，长约4．3cm，略弯圆柱状阴茎骨，16对肋软骨，上下各1对犬齿，较发达，分别长1．4cm,1.3cm，发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居，行动迟缓的骨骼特征：（1）胸椎发达，颈椎，腰椎较发达；（2）胸骨的前端愈合完全，后端膨大突出：（3）前肢短，有29．5cm，后肢长，有33．4cm，均有强大锐利的脚爪；（4）尾椎较长，全长16．9cm。