赤Hong肌肉的营养成分及鱼松保健食品的试制

对赤Hong肌肉营养成分进行了分析，其粗蛋白含量为20.6%(干基为64.7%）；氨基酸分析结果表明，第一限制氨基酸为色氨酸，氨基酸评分为92分，蛋白质营养价；无机质含量丰富，微量元素Se含量为0.91mg/kg（干基4.23mg/kg)，Cu为1.38mg/kg（干基为6.42mg/kg)，是含Se、Cu很高的水产品。赤Hong肌肉经加工处理，可制得味美可口且食用方便的赤Hong肉松。     

大口黑鲈“优鲈1号”选育群体肌肉营养成分和品质评价

对大口黑鲈[Micropterus salmoides(Lacépède)]"优鲈1号"(以下简称"优鲈1号")与非选育群体(简称对照组)的肌肉营养成分及营养品质进行分析比较。结果表明,"优鲈1号"和对照组肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为73.63%和74.35%、19.34%和19.42%、4.45%和4.67%、1.09%和1.12%,统计分析表明,"优鲈1号"肌肉中水分和粗脂肪含量低于对照组,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。对6种矿物质元素进行检测,"优鲈1号"和对照组肌肉中钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和硒(Se)含量分别为428.34 mg/kg和424.57 mg/kg、252.63 mg/kg和259.77 mg/kg、6.92 mg/kg和5.76 mg/kg、7.73 mg/kg和5.77 mg/kg、0.40 mg/kg和0.41 mg/kg,统计分析显示"优鲈1号"肌肉中铁(Fe)和锌(Zn)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他元素差异均不显著(P>0.05)。"优鲈1号"和对照组肌肉中均测定出17种氨基酸,其总氨基酸(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量分别为18.10 mg/100 g和17.17 mg/100 g、9.46 mg/100 g和8.72 mg/100 g、8.00 mg/100 g和7.80 mg/100 g,统计分析显示差异均不显著(P>0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)计算结果,第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys)。"优鲈1号"和对照组肌肉中均检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)分别为13.96 g/kg和14.68 g/kg、13.66 g/kg和14.72 g/kg、16.37 g/kg和16.58 g/kg,其中饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸(SFA/UFA)均为0.47。综上所述,"优鲈1号"仅在水分、粗脂肪、铁(Fe)和锌(Zn)含量上略优于对照组,其他肌肉营养成分和含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

海州湾近岸长蛸不同组织的营养成分分析与评价

对海州湾近岸长蛸肌肉、肝胰脏和生殖腺3种组织的营养成分进行了分析.结果表明,3种组织中粗蛋白含量为13.1%～14.7%,其中肌肉>肝胰脏>生殖腺,肌肉干基粗蛋白含量比生殖腺中高6.69%(P<0.05);粗脂肪含量均较低(0.9%～1.2%),生殖腺>肝胰脏>肌肉;3种组织均含18种氨基酸,肌肉、肝胰脏和生殖腺中EAA/TAA值分别为41.06%、40.34%和46.23%,EAA/NEAA值分别为69.67%、67.62%和89.84%,氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO(1973)参考模式标准;肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占脂肪酸总量的51.9%,其中,C22:6(DHA)、C20:5(EPA)和C20:4(AA)占PUFA总量的80.5%;肌肉中Fe和Zn两种微量元素含量较高,分别为6.07和5.95 mg/kg.     

塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了叶尔羌高原鳅[Triplophysa(Hedinichthys)yarkandensis]的肌肉营养成分。结果表明,叶尔羌高原鳅肌肉中(鲜重)蛋白质含量为24.87%、脂肪为3.61%、水分为70.12%、粗灰分为1.40%;其肌肉(干重)总能值为26760J/g;肌肉中(鲜重)矿物元素含量为钙5466.7mg/kg、磷1083.2mg/kg、钾592.3mg/kg、铁6.0mg/kg、锰0.78mg/kg、锌0.66mg/kg、铜0.12mg/kg。其肌肉中含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括8种人体必需氨基酸,氨基酸总量(占鲜重)为22.65%,必需氨基酸总量为11.04%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准,鲜味氨基酸含量为3.66%。叶尔羌高原鳅的营养价值高于一般鱼类,适于作名贵鱼类养殖。     

塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了叶尔羌高原鳅[Triplophysa(Hedinichthys)yarkandensis]的肌肉营养成分。结果表明,叶尔羌高原鳅肌肉中(鲜重)蛋白质含量为24.87%、脂肪为3.61%、水分为70.12%、粗灰分为1.40%;其肌肉(干重)总能值为26760J/g;肌肉中(鲜重)矿物元素含量为钙5466.7mg/kg、磷1083.2mg/kg、钾592.3mg/kg、铁6.0mg/kg、锰0.78mg/kg、锌0.66mg/kg、铜0.12mg/kg。其肌肉中含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括8种人体必需氨基酸,氨基酸总量(占鲜重)为22.65%,必需氨基酸总量为11.04%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准,鲜味氨基酸含量为3.66%。叶尔羌高原鳅的营养价值高于一般鱼类,适于作名贵鱼类养殖。     

洛阳伊水大鲵肌肉营养成分分析

采用常规营养成分分析方法测定了洛阳伊水大鲵(Andrias davidianus)肌肉的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质和微量元素等营养成分。大鲵肌肉中粗蛋白含量为(15.68±0.58)%,粗脂肪含量为(2.43±0.03)%,水分含量为(76.93±2.64)%和粗灰分含量(0.72±0.05)%。肌肉中共检测到18种氨基酸,其中8种人体必需氨基酸总量为6.01%,占氨基酸总量的41.08%;4种鲜味氨基酸总量为6.77%,占氨基酸总量的46.27%。肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达74.45%,富含EPA和DHA,较一般水生经济动物高。此外大鲵肌肉中含有丰富的矿物质元素,其中钾含量最高,达到了(2800±20.40)mg/kg;微量元素中,锌和铁含量较高,硒也达到了富硒标准,含量为(0.42±0.04)mg/kg,表明洛阳伊水大鲵肌肉具有较高的营养价值,能为人类提供优质蛋白。     

台湾铲颌鱼肌肉营养成分的分析及评价

为评价人工养殖台湾铲颌鱼的食用营养价值,对其肌肉的基本营养成分、氨基酸含量、脂肪酸组成和矿物质元素含量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:台湾铲颌鱼肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和灰分质量分数(鲜质量基础)分别为76. 67%、18. 55%、2. 59%和2. 15%;肌肉中共检测出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,占氨基酸总量的41. 05%,呈味氨基酸4种,占氨基酸总量的38. 90%,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸);肌肉中共检测出17种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量占总量的比例约为2∶3∶5;肌肉中铁、铜、锰和锌含量分别为11. 34、0. 13、0. 28和17. 58 mg/kg。测定与分析结果表明,台湾铲颌鱼是一种富含蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的食用鱼类,具有推广价值。     

橄榄蛏蚌含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

分析橄榄蛏蚌含肉率及常规营养成分 (蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分 )的含量 ,同时对蛋白质中的 17种氨基酸进行了测定。结果表明橄榄蛏蚌含肉率为 16 6 4 % ,肌肉中粗蛋白质占 11 38% ,粗脂肪占1 2 0 % ,17种氨基酸总量为 4 2 3 6mg/ g (干重 ) ,其中必需氨基酸占 39 3% ,鲜味氨基酸占 37%。     

凡纳滨对虾虾头与肌肉营养成分分析与评价

采用常规方法分析养殖3个月的凡纳滨对虾虾头和肌肉中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、矿物元素、重金属含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸和和维生素的种类和含量,综合评价了其营养成分和营养品质。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾虾头、肌肉中水分含量分别为77.60%和75.19%,粗蛋白质为22.37%和12.8%,粗脂肪为2.34%和0.9%,灰分为3.94%和1.66%。除水分外,肌肉中灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均高于虾头。虾头、肌肉中氨基酸总量分别为572.85mg/g和793.95mg/g(干质量);必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸均与国际粮农组织/世界卫生组织理想模型接近;虾头、肌肉中氨基酸评分和化学评分接近理想模型;虾头、肌肉中呈味氨基酸/氨基酸总量分别为37.44%和39.31%。凡纳滨对虾头和肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的含量分别为17.01%和8.24%。虾头中Ca、Na、Fe含量高于肌肉含量,Se含量低于肌肉含量。     

红尾鲶肌肉营养成分与品质评价

利用常规肌肉营养测试方法测定分析红尾鲶(Phractocephalus hemiliopterus)的肌肉营养成分。结果显示:红尾鲶肌肉(鲜样)中蛋白质含量为18.75%,脂肪为4.14%,水分为75.57%,灰分为1.48%;肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,含量为85.96%(干样),其中8种为人体必需氨基酸,总含量为35.16%,占氨基酸总量的40.90%;其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合食品法典委员会(FAO/WHO)的标准,红尾鲶的限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为32.98%(干样)。     

羊驼肉理化性状及食用品质研究

为评价羊驼肉的食用品质,试验采集9头羊驼肉作为样本,测定了羊驼肉肌红蛋白、系水率、蒸煮损失、剪切力、胶原蛋白、水分含量、粗蛋白、肌内脂肪和粗灰分的含量,初步建立了评定羊驼肉品质的方法。结果表明:羊驼肉的肌红蛋白、系水率、剪切力、胶原蛋白、蛋白质和肌内脂肪含量分别为8.2×10-2μmol/g、75.8%、4.7kg、3.4mg/g、25.6%、0.4%,羊驼肉中肌红蛋白含量低于牛肉;肉品的系水率较高,持水性较强,嫩度较猪肉差,但远优于牛肉;羊驼肉蛋白质和矿物质含量明显高于猪肉、牛肉,但肌内脂肪含量较低。总之,羊驼肉是一种优质的肉类资源,大有利用和开发前景。     

人工配合饲料养殖华鲮的肌肉营养成分分析

摘要:为了给华鲮种质资源的开发利用及人工养殖提供依据，对在池塘人工养殖的华鲮含肉率及肌肉营养成分进行测定,结果表明:含肉率为60.65％；肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量分别为19.99％、5.10％、1.51％；肌肉中18种常见氨基酸总含量(占肌肉干重)为75.23％。其中必需氨基酸含量为33.36％，占氨基酸总量的44.34％。必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为0.80。鲜昧氨基酸含量为30.07％，占氨基酸总量的37.40％。必需氨基酸指数（WH0／FAO标准为参照）为82.34。色氨酸为第1限制性氨基酸，蛋氨酸+胱氨酸为第2限制性氨基酸。     

Development of Dry Artificial Fish Bait for Trap Fishing Using Tuna Red Meat and Shrimp Head Wastes

ABSTRACT

This study developed and evaluated dry artificial fish bait for trap fishing utilizing tuna red meat (TRM) and shrimp head powder (SHP), aiming to replace the usage of edible fishes, such as sardines and squids, as bait. A total of 23 dry baits were prepared and tested for stability in seawater and acceptance by tilapia. Based on the stability and acceptability test results, two baits were selected as ideal and were further tested for protein leaching and dry matter loss in seawater. The tests revealed that the stick-shaped bait containing 61% TRM and 15% SHP was the ideal bait, with a protein leaching rate of 24.82 mg/g/h and dry matter loss of 36.6 mg/g/h. The catch rate of the traps baited with the artificial fish bait was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those baited with squid meat (17 Nos/trap) and sardines (23 Nos/trap). Further, the catch rate of traps baited with artificial bait (38 Nos/trap) was found to be comparable with those baited with raw shrimp head wastes (SHW) (40 Nos/trap). When the bait was concentrated with 0.1% sodium benzoate, shelf life was extended by up to 6 months.     

Nutrient Composition of Raw and Cooked Meat of Male Southern King Crab (Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782)

This study provides information about nutrient composition of adult males of southern king crab (Lithodes santolla). Proximate composition of raw and cooked meat (g/100 g meat) averaged: moisture?=?80.9 and 78.6, protein?=?14.6 and 16.3, fat?=?0.70 and 0.76, and ash?=?2.03 and 2.10, respectively. Arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, and aspartic acid (20.4, 9.4, 8.0, and 7.9 g aa/100 g protein, respectively) were the major amino acids. The predominant fatty acid was 18:1n-9c (21.8 and 22.1%), followed by 20:5n-3 (17.1 and 21.8%), 16:0 (15.8 and 15.3%), and 22:6n-3 (11.0 and 13.5%). Cooked meat contained more cholesterol (51.0 mg/100 g meat) and phospholipids (60.1 mg/100 g meat) than raw meat (37.3 and 13.9 mg/100 g meat, respectively), with phosphatidylcholine representing over 80% of the total phospholipid content. The main tocopherol was α-tocopherol (raw meat?=?1.30 mg/100 g meat, cooked meat?=?1.14 mg/100 g meat). Major mineral contents of raw and cooked meat (mg/100 g meat) were: Na?=?509 and 594, K?=?179 and 203, Ca?=?114 and 197, P?=?126 and 143, Mg?=?34 and 41, Fe?=?1.26 and 1.86, and Zn?=?1.88 and 2.64, respectively. Thus, the nutritional quality of the cooked meat of the southern king crab makes it especially adequate for cholesterol-restricted, balanced low-fat meat diets.     

养殖博氏鱼芒肉营养成分的分析及评价

采用国家标准方法测定湖北英山博氏(鱼芒)肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质元素含量.结果表明,博氏(鱼芒)肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为75.36％±1.07％、17.90％±0.43％、5.13％±0.18％和0.98％±0.09％；18种氨基酸总量为(69.01±0.07) g/100 g(干重),其中5种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41.70％,8种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的48.68％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为95.06％；粗脂肪中含24种脂肪酸,油酸含量38.41％±0.29％最高,单不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的42.68％±0.10％,n-6多不饱和脂肪酸与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比值为1.48；矿物质元素中钾含量最高,为(1 118.51±30.67) mg/100 g(干重),微量元素中,铁、锌含量最高,分别为(1.19±0.10)和(1.18±0.05)mg/100 g(干重).与其它鱼类相比,博氏(鱼芒)肉蛋白质质量较高,氨基酸组成比例均衡,富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质元素含量丰富,有较高的营养价值.     

Chemical and Thermal Properties of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

Chemical compositions and thermal properties of cultured freshwater prawn meat (FPM) were studied. FPM contained 83.2% protein (dry basis), 62.7% of which was myofibrillar protein. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and insoluble collagen (ISC) contents were 0.63 and 0.32%, respectively. Both collagens were similar to type V collagen from porcine placenta. Glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid/?asparagine, and lysine were abundant amino acids in FPM. Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and aspartic acid/?asparagine were predominant in both collagens. FPM exhibited thermal transition temperatures (T_max) of 48.3 and 64.7°C, whereas T_max of PSC and ISC were 43.0 and 46.0°C, respectively. Textural changes in FPM during post-mortem storage on ice are plausibly dependent upon its compositional and thermal properties.     

Tuna Red Meat as a Novel Ingredient in Pet Food for Dogs

ABSTRACT

Red meat from tuna canning factory was used to develop a pet food for dogs. Feed was developed by mixing cooked, dried, and powdered red meat with cereal flours in varying proportion. The combination that gave maximum hardness for the feed was selected as optimum. The developed feed had a crude protein content of 20.2 ± 0.95% and crude fat content of 4.70 ± 0.37%. Analysis of mineral content showed that it is rich in macro minerals, including phosphorus (2843.67 ± 206 ppm), sodium (1333.54 ± 56 ppm), and calcium (400.04 ± 21 ppm). Amino acid content of the feed showed that it meets the dietary requirements of dogs in terms of threonine, methionine, histidine, lysine, arginine, and tryptophan. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the feed was dominated by linoleic acid, followed by DHA and EPA.     

不同生态环境中华绒螯蟹肉脂品质的比较

选取长江野生、湖泊放流、网围养殖及池塘养殖的中华绒螯蟹成蟹各10只,雌、雄各半,对其进行62个肉脂品质参数的测算。可食部分占体重的29.79%~38.60%,可食部分蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量分别为15.45%~20.32%和8.52%~17.33%,含水量为56.70%~70.30%;必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸分别占可食部分的5.29%~7.22%和6.40%~7.91%,氨基酸总量占13.48%~17.57%;可食部分饱和脂肪酸含量约为0.80%~1.71%;不饱和脂肪酸含量约为3.61%~9.29%;高不饱和脂肪酸含量约为0.65%~2.79%;脂肪酸总含量约为4.41%~10.96%。组内雌、雄可食部分比例、粗脂肪、灰分、脂肪酸、微量元素等参数差异较小;水分、粗蛋白、氨基酸等参数差异较大,粗蛋白、氨基酸各有显著差异的参数值均为雄蟹小于雌蟹。同性别不同生态环境成蟹粗蛋白、氨基酸各参数的差异较小;可食部分比例、粗脂肪、水分、灰分、脂肪酸、矿质元素等参数差异较大。综合均值比较结果和实践经验分别选取13个和16个参数,对4组雄蟹、4组雌蟹进行判别,结果表明所选取参数可较好反映中华绒螯蟹肉脂品质的差异。用62个参数分别对4组雄蟹、4组雌蟹进行聚类分析,从总体上反映了不同生态环境中华绒螯蟹的肉脂品质和其相互关系。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Proximate Composition and Nutritional Quality of the Meat of the Squat Lobster Munida gregaria (Fabricius 1973)

ABSTRACT

The squat lobster Munida gregaria has been recognized as a potential resource in several countries. However, data about its composition and nutritional value are scarce. This study provides information about the nutrients and nutritional quality of M. gregaria meat. Meat yield, proximate composition, cholesterol content, and fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AAs) profiles were analyzed, and nutritional quality indexes were estimated. The average meat yield was 9.93%. The yearly average of the proximate composition of the M. gregaria meat (g/100 g meat) was moisture = 77.6, protein = 13.7, lipids = 3.84, and ash = 2.19. The average annual cholesterol content was 6.60 mg/100 g. The predominant FA (%) was C20:5ω3 (23.6), followed by C18:1ω9c (20.9), C22:6ω3 (18.5), and C16:0 (16.3); the unsaturated fatty acids were 72.8% of the total FA. The main AAs (g/100 g protein) were glutamic acid (15.1), leucine (9.47), and aspartic acid (8.51). Regarding the nutritional quality, the polyunsaturated FA/saturated FA ratio (1.99), ω3/ω6 ratio (8.62), atherogenic index (0.26), thrombotic index (0.56), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (4.07), and polyene index (2.58) showed that M. gregaria meat provides lipids that are beneficial to the human diet. Moreover, M. gregaria meat provides high-quality proteins, which are well balanced in their essential AAs composition.