不同生态环境中华绒螯蟹肉脂品质的比较

选取长江野生、湖泊放流、网围养殖及池塘养殖的中华绒螯蟹成蟹各10只,雌、雄各半,对其进行62个肉脂品质参数的测算。可食部分占体重的29.79%~38.60%,可食部分蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量分别为15.45%~20.32%和8.52%~17.33%,含水量为56.70%~70.30%;必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸分别占可食部分的5.29%~7.22%和6.40%~7.91%,氨基酸总量占13.48%~17.57%;可食部分饱和脂肪酸含量约为0.80%~1.71%;不饱和脂肪酸含量约为3.61%~9.29%;高不饱和脂肪酸含量约为0.65%~2.79%;脂肪酸总含量约为4.41%~10.96%。组内雌、雄可食部分比例、粗脂肪、灰分、脂肪酸、微量元素等参数差异较小;水分、粗蛋白、氨基酸等参数差异较大,粗蛋白、氨基酸各有显著差异的参数值均为雄蟹小于雌蟹。同性别不同生态环境成蟹粗蛋白、氨基酸各参数的差异较小;可食部分比例、粗脂肪、水分、灰分、脂肪酸、矿质元素等参数差异较大。综合均值比较结果和实践经验分别选取13个和16个参数,对4组雄蟹、4组雌蟹进行判别,结果表明所选取参数可较好反映中华绒螯蟹肉脂品质的差异。用62个参数分别对4组雄蟹、4组雌蟹进行聚类分析,从总体上反映了不同生态环境中华绒螯蟹的肉脂品质和其相互关系。

Comparison of Meat Quality of Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis) Mature Individuals From Different Ecological Environments

Mature individuals of Yangtze River wild,shallow lake,net and pond cultured Chinese mitten crab were collected,5 males and 5 females for each kind.They were analyzed in 62 meat quality parameters.The proportion of edible part to body weight was 29.79%～38.60%.Protein and lipid content in edible part were 15.45%～20.32% and 8.52%～17.33% respectively.Water content in edible part was 56.70%～70.30%.The essential amino acids and delicious amino acids accounted for 5.29%～7.22% and 5.29%～7.22% of edible part.Total amino acids accounted for 13.48%～17.57% of edible part.The edible part contained 0.80%～1.71% of saturated fatty acids,3.61%～9.29% of unsaturated fatty acids and 0.65%～2.79% high unsaturated fatty acids.The proportion of total fatty acid to unedible part was 4.41%～10.96% of unedible part.The female and the male in the same group were almost similar in parameters of edible proportion,lipid,ash,fatty acid and mineral elements.However,they were obviously different in parameters of water,protein and amino acids,and the males were always significantly lower than the females in protein and amino acids parameters.Chinese mitten crab mature individuals of the same sex from different ecological environments were almost similar in parameters of protein and amino acids but obviously different in parameters of edible proportion,lipid,water,ash,fatty acid and mineral elements.Discriminant analysis with selected 13 and 16 parameters according to average comparison results and practice experience of four groups of females and four groups of males showed that the parameters can reflect the differences of meat quality of Chinese mitten crabs well.Clustering analysis with 62 parameters of four groups of females and four groups of males reflected the meat quality of Chinese mitten crabs from different ecological environments and their relation in general.