凌云白毫茶主要矿质元素与茶叶品质的关系

对凌云白毫茶鲜叶及商品茶主要矿物质元素进行研究，结果表明，微量营养元素Zn、Cu、Ni的含量与茶叶嫩度呈显著正相关，大量营养元素Ca、Mg、微量元素Fe、Mn的含量与茶叶嫩度呈显著负相关。除Mn、CU外，其他主要矿质元素与茶鲜叶嫩度的相关性均达极显著。与茶叶卖价关系较密切的元素有Ca、Mg、Cu、Ni等，其中Ca、Mg元素随茶叶卖价的降低呈增加趋势。相反，元素Cu、Ni的含量则随茶叶卖价的升高而增加。凌云白毫茶Zn元素的含量较高，有开发天然富锌茶的潜力。     

常德市郊波杂山羊矿物质元素含量的测定

用原子吸收光谱法测定了常德市郊波杂山羊肺、心、肝、肠、肾和肌肉6大组织中的Ca、K、Na、Mg、Fe,Zn、Cu、Mn等8种矿物质元素的含量.测定结果表明,肌肉中K、Mg、Zn含量最高,Fe次之,Na、Ca、Cu、Mn最低:肠中Ca含量最高,Mg,Cu次之,而Zn、Mn、K、Na相对较低,Fe最低;肝中的Fe、Cu、Mn、Na含量最高,Zn Ca次之,Mg、K相对较低;肾中的Na、K、Mn含量次之,其他相对较低;心肌中各元素含量均相时较低;肺中Fe、Mn含量次之,K、Mg、Zn含量最低,其他相对较低.     

不同品种茶叶中矿物元素含量分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了云南省红河州8个不同品种茶叶中Ca、Mg、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu等矿物元素的含量,分析了不同茶叶中矿物元素的变化规律。结果表明,不同品种的茶叶矿物元素含量不同,但有一定的规律。8种茶叶中都是Ca含量最高,其顺序为Ca〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe（Na）〉Zn〉Cu,其余元素含量较低。结果说明,红河州茶叶中含有丰富的Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Na、Zn、Cu等矿物元素,有害元素Cd、Pb等均低于国家卫生标准或未检出,属于品质优良茶叶。     

旱冬瓜体内7种矿质元素含量与立地土壤的相关性

采用原子吸收分光光度法和相关分析法对主要造林树种旱冬瓜体内各营养器官的7种矿质元素含量的分布规律、元素之间以及植物与立地土壤之间的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,旱冬瓜不同器官各元素含量有着显著的差异,K、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn在叶片中含量最多,Ca在树皮中含量最高;大多数元素在树干中含量最低.旱冬瓜对K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu有较强的吸收富集能力,对土壤富集系数大小依次为Mg＞Ca＞Cu＞K＞Zn＞Mn＞Fe,一般叶的富集系数最高.元素间和元素与立地土壤的相关分析表明,K、Mg、Mn、Fe、 Cu之间有显著的相关性,Ca和Mn之间的相关性显著,除Fe元素外,植物体中K、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu元素含量与土壤中元素含量关系相一致.     

湖北名优绿茶矿质元素含量研究

对来自湖北不同茶区15只具代表性的名优绿茶中K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Al、Zn等10种矿质元素进行了测定,并结合主成分分析和聚类分析进行茶叶产地分类。结果表明,湖北名优绿茶矿质元素含量较高,尤其是与茶叶品质有关的元素,如Mg和Zn;聚类分析效果明显,可有效区分湖北4大茶区。     

不同茶树品种中9种矿质元素的含量及富集特性

以7个茶树品种(湘波绿、碧香早、福鼎大毫、黄观音、紫鹃、玉麒麟、黄金芽)的茶叶为研究对象,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,测定其当年生倒二叶新芽及对应种植土壤中的钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)共9种矿质元素含量,并计算茶叶对土壤矿质元素的富集系数。结果表明,(1)矿质元素在不同茶叶中的含量存在一定差异,但也呈现出一定的规律,各种矿质元素在茶叶中的含量排序基本表现为CaMgMnFeZnCuNiCd、Pb;Ca含量最高的是黄观音,Mg含量最高的是玉麒麟,Mn、Ni含量最高的是黄金芽,Fe、Zn、Cu含量最高的是湘波绿;湘波绿为7个茶叶品种中品质较优的。(2)茶叶对不同矿质元素的富集能力差异较大,茶叶对Mg、Ca、Mn的富集能力最强,对Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd的富集能力一般,对Fe、Pb的富集能力较弱;不同茶叶品种对矿质元素的富集规律存在一定的差异。(4)不同品种的茶叶对矿质元素的富集能力存在较大差异,湘波绿对Cu、Mg、Mn、Fe的富集能力最强;玉麒麟对Cd的富集能力最强;紫鹃对Zn的富集能力最强;黄观音对Ca、Ni的富集能力最强。黄金芽、玉麒麟对Mn、Fe的富集能力较弱;紫鹃对Ca的富集能力最弱;黄金芽对Zn、Cu、Ni的富集能力最弱;玉麒麟对Mg的富集能力最弱;湘波绿对Cd的富集能力最弱。研究结果为茶叶的进一步研究和利用提供了理论依据。     

白花延龄草中8种无机营养元素测定分析

采用原子吸收光谱法对不同采收时期白花延龄草不同部位的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu 8种无机营养元素含量进行测定。结果表明,茎叶部位K、Ca含量较高,平均达到2.17%、2.16%;Mg、Fe含量次之,平均达到0.28%、0.13%;Na、Zn、Mn、Cu含量相对较低。根部各元素分布与茎叶部位相似,K、Ca含量最高,达到0.67%、0.26%;Mg、Fe次之,为0.108%、0.107%;Na、Zn、Mn、Cu含量相对最低。其中,根部变化幅度最大的元素是Zn,增加31.09%;其次是Ca元素,含量增加16.29%;Fe元素含量增加14.94%。茎叶中变化幅度最大的元素是Na,降低了51.33%;其次是Mg、Fe和Mn,分别降低了44.24%、44.23%和43.93%。随着采收时间的后移,茎叶部位8种无机营养元素的含量呈逐渐降低趋势,根部呈逐渐增高趋势。     

黄山毛峰茶中金属元素含量测定

［目的］利用化学手段测定黄山毛峰茶中金属元素的含量,为其进一步开发利用提供参考依据。［方法］湿法消化黄山毛峰茶样品,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr的含量。［结果］黄山毛峰茶中10种元素的含量为：Ca〉K〉Na〉Mn〉Mg〉Fe〉Zn〉Cu〉Ni〉Cr;各元素的加标回收率为95.32%-105.34%;相对标准偏差为1.08%-3.74%,准确度和精密度符合要求。［结论］火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定黄山毛峰茶中金属元素含量的方法是可行的。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法对草芽中无机元素的测定与分析

[目的]探究草芽中无机元素的分布情况。[方法]采用微波消解-ICP-MS法对草芽中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe、Ti、Mn、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba共13种元素的含量进行测定与分析。[结果]建水草芽中无机元素含量较为丰富,不同地区草芽样品的无机元素总含量相当,Na、Al、Fe这3种元素含量在不同地区草芽中差异明显;相同地区草芽中13种元素含量从高到低依次为K、Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、Al、Mn、Zn、Ba、Sr、Ti、Cu、Mo,元素间存在明显差异但相关性显著。[结论]该研究可为草芽中矿质营养的研究和开发提供参考。     

基于多总体均值向量检验法的不同季节茶叶鉴别技术研究

[目的]探讨多总体均值向量检验法应用于不同季节英德红茶鉴别的可行性。[方法]采用原子吸收分光光度法测定春、秋两季茶叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu这6种矿质元素含量,并采用国家标准方法测定茶样中水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及可溶性糖的含量。应用t检验法及两正态总体均值向量检验法,判断春秋季节茶叶矿质元素及生化成分结果是否存在差异。[结果]春、秋两季英德红茶中Ca、Mg含量最高,其次是Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu。单因素方差分析中,春秋两季茶叶的矿质元素中Zn元素存在显著差异,其他元素均无显著差异。生化成分分析中,春秋两季茶样中的茶多酚、氨基酸含量存在显著差异。但以矿质元素或生化成分含量作为总体进行分析,春秋两季英德红茶的矿质元素、生化成分含量存在显著差异。[结论]该方法可为区分各季节间英德红茶的研究提供参考。     

一串红N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺素症状研究

以‘展望红’为材料,研究N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺乏对其生长发育的影响,并总结缺素症状,研究结果表明:N缺乏时植株矮小,叶发黄;P缺乏时叶色暗绿,且影响开花;K缺乏时基部叶枯黄,并易落叶;缺Fe症状较为明显,但能正常开花;Ca、Mg未表现出缺素症状,且各项指标要优于全素处理;N、P显著影响一串红的生长发育,K对开花品质的影响较大。     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集

对铅、镉、汞以及镧、铈在鲤鱼体内的生物富集作用进行了室内试验和讨论。结果表明,重金属及稀土元素在鱼体各部位均有较强的富集作用,其中肌肉部分富集能力较弱,内脏富集能力最强;鱼体各部位对重金属及稀土元素的富集作用随时间的增加而增加,在一定的时间后趋于平衡;并且,鱼体中各部位对重金属及稀土元素的生物富集作用存在较大差异。     

Gallium, germanium, indium, and iridium in lunar samples

Neutron activation analyses of gallium, germanium, indium, and iridium in eight lunar samples and in meteorites and rocks (including four calciulnrich achondrites and five terrestrial basalts) with similar bulk compositions are reported. Lunar gallium concentrations are remarkably constant at about 5 parts per million, three times higher and four times lower than those in eucritic (calcium-rich) achondrites and terrestrial basalts, respectively. Lunar germanium concentrations range from 相似文献   

Survey of Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Sulfamethazine, and Quinolones in UHT Milk in China Market

This study surveyed 180 samples of ultra high temperature (UHT) milk of four top Chinese dairy brands collected in the 25 cities in China in June 2011, and assessed their contamination with antibiotics, using the ELISA method. The percentages of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, sulfamethazine, and quinolones detected in the samples were 0, 16.7, 40.6, and 100%, respectively. The maximum concentrations of the tetracyclines, sulfonamides, sulfamethazine and quinolones in UHT milk samples were <1.5, 26.2, 22.6, and 58.8 μg kg-1, respectively. None of the samples exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRLs) for these four veterinary drugs, according to the regulations set by China, the European Union (EU) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC).     

Alternatives, traditions, and diversity in agriculture

This review essay examines several recentbooks about agriculture, including two books on thelinks between cultural and biological diversity intraditional agriculture, two books on the US farmcrisis, and a collected volume examining globalaspects of agricultural restructuring andsustainability. Finally, a history of ``alternative'agriculture provides a framework for thinking aboutthe ways the different cases shed light on the complexrelations between tradition and innovation inagriculture. A historical perspective highlights theextent to which ``alternative' is a relative term. Themonocrop, ``factory' mode that dominate US agriculturetoday certainly differs from what has characterizedfarming for most of history and in most of the world.Small-scale, more or less organic, diversified farms,which appear so ``alternative' in the present context,have until lately counted as the norm, here andelsewhere. These books also highlight both the dangersof the currently dominant industrial agriculture andthe potential for genuine alternatives.     

StKU80, a component in the NHEJ repair pathway,is involved in mycelial morphogenesis,conidiation, appressorium development,and oxidative stress reactions in Exserohilum turcicum

Homologous recombination(HR) and nonhomologous end joining(NHEJ) are considered the two main double-strand break(DSB) repair approaches in eukaryotes. Inhibiting the activities of the key component in NHEJ commonly enhances the efficiency of targeted gene knockouts or affects growth and development in higher eukaryotes. However, little is known about the roles of the NHEJ pathway in foliar pathogens. Here we identified a gene designated St KU80, which encodes a putative DNA end-binding protein homologous to yeast Ku80, in the foliar pathogen Exserohilum turcicum. Conserved domain analysis showed that the typical domains VWA, Ku78 and Ku-PK-bind are usually present in Ku70/80 proteins in eukaryotes and are also present in St Ku80. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that St Ku80 is most closely related to Ku80(XP_001802136.1) from Parastagonospora nodorum, followed by Ku80(AGF90044.1) from Monascus ruber. Furthermore, the gene knockout mutants ΔSt KU80-1 and ΔSt KU80-2 were obtained. These mutants displayed longer septas, thinner cell walls, smaller amounts of substances on cell wall surfaces, and more mitochondria per cell than the wild-type(WT) strain but similar HT-toxin activity. The mutants did not produce conidia and mature appressoria. On the other hand, the mutants were highly sensitive to H_2O_2, but not to ultraviolet radiation. In summary, the St KU80 plays devious roles in regulating the development of E. turcicum.     

酸性耕作土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Co、Ni和Pb的形态

采用连续提取法研究了福建省酸性耕作土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Co、Ni和Pb的形态分布及其影响因素.结果表明,各元素水溶态和交换态所占比例均很小,Zn、Co、Ni和Pb均以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cu以残渣态和有机结合态为主,Cd以碳酸盐结合态与专性吸附态、铁锰氧化物结合态和交换态为主.相关分析表明,土壤理化性质对重金属形态有较大影响,但影响程度因元素而异.Zn、Ni和Co的形态受游离氧化铁、阳离子交换量和粘粒含量的影响较大;Cd和Pb的形态受土壤pH、游离氧化铁和粘粒含量的影响较大;Cu的形态与土壤粘粒含量呈较显著相关.     

Nonconversion of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT in rats, sheep, chickens, and quail

The finding of appreciable quantities of p,p'-DDT after feeding o,p'-DDT to rats led to the proposal of a theory, that an isomeric metabolic conversion occurs. The presence of p,p'-DDT as an impurity in supposedly pure samples of o,p'-DDT is the correct explanation for the appearance of p,p'-DDT. Purified o,p'-DDT and (14)C-labeled o,p'-DDT yielded no data to support the idea that o,p'-DDT is converted to the p,p'-DDT isomer.     

Age, sex, density, winter weather, and population crashes in Soay sheep

Quantifying the impact of density, extrinsic climatic fluctuations, and demography on population fluctuations is a persistent challenge in ecology. We analyzed the effect of these processes on the irregular pattern of population crashes of Soay sheep on the St. Kilda archipelago, United Kingdom. Because the age and sex structure of the population fluctuates independently of population size, and because animals of different age and sex respond in different ways to density and weather, identical weather conditions can result in different dynamics in populations of equal size. In addition, the strength of density-dependent processes is a function of the distribution of weather events. Incorporating demographic heterogeneities into population models can influence dynamics and their response to climate change.