γ-氨基丁酸对小鼠的遗传毒性试验

通过精子畸形试验、微核试验等体内试验方法,对γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的遗传毒性进行初步评价.精子畸形试验中,高、中、低剂量组的小鼠精子畸形率分别为1.888％、1.738％和2.050％,与阴性对照组(1.838％)差异不显著(P＞0.05);微核试验中,雌、雄小鼠阴性对照组的骨髓细胞微核率分别为0.080％和0.200％,试验组最高的微核率为0.220％,二者差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,小鼠精子畸形试验和骨髓细胞微核试验结果均为阴性,GABA对小鼠无明显遗传毒性作用.     

辐照宠物食品毒理安全性试验研究

以高剂量辐照鸡胸肉为试验材料,通过急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验进行检测,评价其食用安全性.结果表明,雌、雄小鼠急性经口LD50均大于10g/kg,属实际无毒级;Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;辐照鸡胸肉属安全的宠物食品.     

OHAA安全性毒理学评价

目的:研究新型保鲜材料环氧乙烷高级脂肪醇(OHAA)的毒理学安全性。方法:通过小鼠急性毒性试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验对OHAA进行毒理安全性评价。结果:OHAA对昆明小鼠的急性经口LD5021.5 g/(kg·bw),判属无毒物;OHAA在5.0 g/(kg·bw)剂量范围内,不会造成小鼠精子畸形;骨髓微核发生率与阴性对照组比较差异不显著(p0.01)。结论:OHAA属实际无毒,且在一定剂量范围内,小鼠精子畸形及小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验结果均为阴性,表明OHAA可以作为一种潜在新型保鲜材料在果蔬和禽蛋保鲜中应用。     

丹贝异黄酮提取物食用安全性研究

本文采用丹贝异黄酮提取物进行了急性毒性试验、Ａｍｅｓ试验、骨髓微核试验,小鼠精子畸形试验。结果表明,丹贝异黄酮提取物的小鼠经口ＬＤ５０大于２１．５ｇ／ｋｇ体重,属无毒物质;Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、精子畸形试验均为阴性,说明丹贝异黄酮提取物无致突变作用。     

国产麻保沙星的毒性及体外抗菌活性研究

【目的】探讨国产麻保沙星的毒性作用,及其对常见临床分离菌的抑菌效果,评价其临床用药安全性。【方法】设计了国产麻保沙星对小鼠的经口急性毒性试验、精子畸形试验、微核试验、亚慢性毒性试验,来研究其毒性,并采用微量稀释法检测麻保沙星的体外抑菌活性。【结果】国产麻保沙星经口LD50为887.8 mg/kg,属低毒类化合物;其致精子畸形与小鼠骨髓微核试验结果均为阴性,表明其无致突变作用。国产麻保沙星按178,89和18mg/kg剂量连续灌胃30 d,小鼠未见死亡,各用药组较阴性对照组体质量增加差异不显著(P>0.05),对脏器系数、血常规指标、血液生化指标有显著影响(P<0.05),但均在正常值范围之内。体外抑菌试验表明,乳酸麻保沙星对临床分离的鸡、猪大肠杆菌,鸭李氏杆菌,猪链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌很敏感,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均小于0.5μg/mL,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)均小于4μg/mL。【结论】国产麻保沙星按临床剂量使用安全,临床常见菌对其敏感。     

当归天然维生素E复方制剂的安全毒理性评价

目的:研究当归与天然维生素E复方制剂的安全毒理性,为该复方制剂在医药和保健品行业的运用提供科学的依据。方法:运用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30d喂养试验检测其安全性。结果:小鼠急性经口毒性试验中无明显中毒反应,亦无动物死亡,在小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中,与阴性对照组比较,阳性对照组雌雄小鼠微核率和小鼠精子畸形发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而受试样品各剂量组雌雄小鼠微核率和小鼠精子畸形发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且均在实验室测定值正常范围内,大鼠30d喂养试验未发现临床症状、血液临床检查指标、动物脏器以及病理组织学等指标的改变。结论:当归与天然维生素E复方制剂安全无毒,可进一步开发其医药和保健功能。     

猪苓多糖抗突变作用研究

为研究猪苓多糖对环磷酰胺的抗突变作用,采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验,以环磷酰胺(40mg/kg)为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照,不同质量分数的猪苓多糖(400mg/kg、200mg/kg和100mg/kg)为试验组,经腹腔注射,连续给药5d,第6天再给阳性药物,观察小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率和精子畸形率。结果表明,猪苓多糖各剂量组均能降低由环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率和精子畸形率,低剂量组猪苓多糖对微核的抑制率最大,为84.28%;高剂量组猪苓多糖对小鼠精子畸形抑制最强,为60.40%,并且能使小鼠产生多种类型的精子畸形。说明,猪苓多糖可有效抑制环磷酰胺所诱发的突变,具有一定的抗突变作用。     

苷肽注射液对鼠致突变作用的研究

通过Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验研究了苷肽注射液对鼠致突变作用的影响。采用多氯联苯(PCB)诱导的大鼠肝匀浆(S9)混合液作为体外代谢活化系统进行Ames试验;采用间隔24 h小鼠腹腔注射0.07,0.13,0.33,0.66 g/kg受试药品法进行骨髓细胞微核试验;采用小鼠腹腔注射0.17,0.33,0.66g/kg苷肽注射液进行精子畸形试验。结果表明:Ames试验受试药品对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型TA97、TA98、TA100T、A102 4菌株(加与不加S9)均未呈现遗传毒性;骨髓细胞微核试验各剂量试验组微核率与阴性对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05);精子畸形试验各剂量试验组精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

灵芝功能性食品遗传毒理学实验

研究灵芝功能性食品的遗传毒理学实验。通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核及小鼠精子畸形试验来进行灵芝功能性食品的遗传毒性试验研究。结果表明,3项遗传毒性试验均为阴性。     

沙棘叶科罗索酸浓缩物的毒理学研究

按照食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法对沙棘叶科罗索酸浓缩物进行了小鼠急性经口毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验。小鼠急性经口毒性试验结果表明,沙棘叶浓缩物对雌雄小鼠经口最大耐受剂量(MTD)均大于15 g/kg,为无毒级物质;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验结果表明,该检品未呈现有致突变性。通过食品安全性毒理学评价,不仅可为沙棘叶浓缩物可食性提供理论依据,也会对整个沙棘叶的开发起到积极的推动作用。     

纳豆冻干粉的安全性研究

用菌种BacillusNatto培养纳豆 ,测定了纳豆激酶的活性 ,并将纳豆加工成冻干粉 ,进行安全性试验 ,结果证明纳豆冻干粉对小鼠实际无毒 (LD5 0 >10g/kg) ,骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验结果呈阴性     

Studies on the Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity of Kuianchun and Its Potential Carcinogenicity Prediction

Kuianchun is a newly synthesized antibacterial and growth-promoting drug. This paper selected a battery of three short-term tests, including Ames test, micronucleus test and sperm abnormality test, to detect the mutagenicity of Kuianchun. The carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection method (CPBS method) was used to determine the probability of carcinogenicity of Kuianchun based upon the results of shortterm tests mentioned above. In addition, traditional teratogenic test was selected to study teratogenicity of Kuianchun. In Ames test, Kuianchun showed mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence and presence of microsomal metabolic activation system (S9-mix). However, the mutagenicity was reduced by the addition of S9-mix. In micronucleus test, Kuianchun was administered intra-peritoneally to male mouse 30 hours and 6 hours before they were killed respectively. The result indicated that there was no significant difference on the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) in the mouse bone marrow induced by Kuianchun compared with the negative contrast (50% DMSO) (P ＞ 0.05). In sperm abnormality test, Kuianchun was administered through a gastric incubation to male mouse as a suspension in 2% Tween-80. The dosage levels were 450, 750, 1000 and 1500mg/kg per day for 5 days. The result indicated that the percentage of abnormal sperms induced by Kuianchun was not significant compared with the negative contrast (P＞0.05). In traditional teratogenic test, Kuianchun was given orally to pregnant mouse at 1/30,1/20 and 1/15 LDs0 during 6 - 15days of pregnancy period (the LD50 = 9000mg/kg). No toxicity was found either on mother and embryo in mouse, and teratogenic effects were also not observed at all tested dosages. The probability of carcinogenicity of Kuianchun is 23.8 % (θ = 0.238). The result demonstrated that Kuianchun is a non-carcinogen.     

硝唑尼特的一般毒性和致突变性研究

通过小鼠经口急性毒性试验、蓄积毒性和耐受性试验研究了硝唑尼特的一般毒性;通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验研究了硝唑尼特的致突变性.结果表明:硝唑尼特对小鼠口服LD50为6.295 g/kg,属实际无毒类物质;对小鼠20d给药蓄积系数K＞5.26,属弱蓄积或基本无蓄积毒性,未产生耐受性;对组氨酸缺...     

紫斑谷螟豹皮樟虫茶小鼠急性毒性和骨髓红细胞微核试验研究

用小鼠最大耐受量法、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验等方法,究紫斑谷螟豹皮樟虫茶对小鼠的急性毒性和致突变性作用。结果显示,紫斑谷螟豹皮樟虫茶的小鼠急性经口LD5030 g/kg·bw,小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验结果为阴性。结果表明,紫斑谷螟豹皮樟虫茶属无毒物,对小鼠体细胞无致突变性。     

茶多酚类毒理学试验及其评价

本文对高纯度(含量大于90％)茶多酚类(TP)进行了急性毒性试验、蓄积性试验和致突变试验,并对其作为食品添加剂的安全性作了评价.急性毒性试验结果为小鼠口服LD_(30)=2496±326mg/kg.蓄积性试验表明,有中等蓄积性.Ames试验,骨髓PCE微核率的测定,骨髓细胞SCE的测定,果蝇SLRL诱变性试验等遗传毒理试验均为阴性.以0.1％浓度饲喂小白鼠六周后,小鼠的血红蛋白、红细胞数、白细胞数、体重、肝重、胸腺和脾脏的细胞数与正常对照组比较,雌雄小鼠均无显著差异.肝、脾、胸腺等器官体重比与对照组比较也无显著差异.慢性毒性试验表明,饲料中TP含量为0.1％时。对果蝇寿命无不良影响.试验表明,TP作为食品添加剂是较安全的.     

卷丹水提物的急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

[目的]评价卷丹的安全性,为其综合利用提供依据。[方法]通过急性毒性试验测定南通军山卷丹水提物的急性毒性及可能的中毒症状,并测定小鼠的最大耐受量。通过小鼠骨髓微核试验对其进行系统安全性评价。[结果]卷丹对小鼠的半数致死剂量（LD50）大于80 g/kg,并且小鼠骨髓微核试验结果为阴性。[结论]卷丹无明显急性毒性反应,无遗传毒性,是一种安全无毒的中药,可开发成中药新药。     

乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒的毒理安全性研究

[目的]为判定聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒对人体健康是否产生危害,进行了聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒的安全性毒理学评价。[方法]采用急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核实验、微小鼠精子畸形试验和30 d喂养试验对聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒急性毒性、致突变性以及亚慢性毒性进行了研究。[结果]聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒小鼠急性毒性试验LD50大于20.0 g/(kg.bw),属实际无毒;对基因、体细胞与生殖细胞无明显致突作用;受试物分别按1.00、2.00、4.00 g/(kg.bw)的剂量喂养大鼠30 d,结果表明动物未出现异常。[结论]根据试验结果,可判定聪贝优牌乳铁蛋白牛初乳颗粒为安全性食品。     

代森锰原药的致突变性试验研究

[目的]探讨代森锰原药的致突变性。[方法]用KM小鼠进行小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变（Ames）试验。[结果]在小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验中．阴性对照组与阳性对照组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）,且均低于阳性对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。在Ames试验中,4株试验菌在0．1～1．0mg／皿的试验剂量下（活化或非活化）均没有引起自发回变数2倍增加。[结论]根据《农药登记毒理学试验方法》中的评定标准,小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）在所选剂量范围内结果均为阴性,代森锰原药未呈现致突变性。     

Studies on the Injectable Solution of Colistin Sulfate and Its Pharmacokinetics

The present studies were conducted to compose an injectable solution of colistin sulfate containing local anaesthesia, antioxidant and other additions. Results showed that the novel preparation was stable either to heat or to light. The term of validity of the preparation was 2 years at room temperature.The preparation containing 25.0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed no local tissue irritation, but the concentration of 50. 0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed obvious local tissue irritation. Result of acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of intramuscular injection in mice was 38. 72 mg kg-1 , and oral LD50 was 431.39 mg kg-1. The evidence of neurotoxicity was observed in mice in the acute toxicity test. A dose of 10.0 mg kg-1 b.w. or 15:0 mg kg-1 b.w. was administered intramuscularly to piglet once daily for 5 days. No changes were detected in the piglet body except for the slight epithelial tissue's granular degenerations in the kidney and liver at the dose of the 10. 0 mg kg-1. While at the dose of 15.0 mg kg-1 , the obvious neurotoxicity was observed at 4 - 5 days. The epithelial tissues in the kidney and liver showed moderate granular degenerations, especially in the tubuli renales cells. Blood cell's morphosis indexes were normal. With relation to liver's function, the indexes went beyond the normal scope. But with relation to kidney's function, the indexes showed mostly normal.When the preparation was separately administered into muscle(i. m. ) in piglets with the dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w, whose Cmax were 3.73±0. 28 and 6. 40±0. 18 μg ml-1; Tmax were 32±1.5 and 34±1.8min;t1/2β were 256±14 min and 264±29 min, respectively. t1/2β was 251±13 min for the injection given into aural vein(i. v. ) with the dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 b.w.. Samples of the experimentally determined plasma concentration of colistin sulfate generated two-exponential model with first-order absorption. The mean absolute bioavailability coefficient of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w. (i. m. ) were 98. 30 and 88.54%, respectively. The high bioavailability and the long maintaining time of the valid blood-drug concentration showed that the injectable solution was suitable for i.m. in pigs, whose recommended dose was 2.5 mg kg-1 b. w., twice daily.     

PAEs类化合物对雄性小鼠的联合致毒作用

为了探讨邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalic acid esters, PAEs）类化合物的联合毒性作用,将6种PAEs类化合物配制成等质量比的混合物,以低、中、高剂量（40,400,4 000 mg·kg-1）对雄性小鼠灌胃染毒,观察雄性小鼠骨髓微核形成、精子畸形、血清及肝脏、睾丸等指征的变化,并与相同剂量处理的单一邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）组进行比较,以评价混合PAEs组的联合毒性作用。结果显示：高剂量处理时,混合PAEs组的雄性小鼠骨髓微核率及精子畸形率显著高于单一DBP组;中剂量处理时,混合PAEs组染毒雄性小鼠30 d后的肝损伤及睾丸组织损伤程度也较单一DBP组明显上升,表明混合PAEs组对雄性小鼠的联合致毒作用较单一DBP组显著,不同PAEs类化合物间可能存在一定的协同效应。