猪JAK-1、JAK-2、STAT-1和STAT-2TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立定量检测猪Janus激酶(JAK)和信号转导和转录激活因子(STAT) mRNA的TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法,本研究针对猪JAK-1,JAK-2,STAT-1、STAT-2及管家基因β-actin的序列设计了特异性的引物和探针,分别构建了各自的阳性重组质粒,建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法.结果表明:所建立的检测方法荧光定量PCR扩增均无非特异性产物的产生;检测下限均达1.0×101 copies/μL;批内及批间变异系数均小于2％.利用该方法对猪细小病毒(PPV)感染ST细胞48 h后JAK-1、JAK-2、STAT-1和STAT-2 mRNA的转录水平进行了检测,结果表明:JAK-1和JAK-2转录水平显著上调,STAT-1和STAT-2转录水平呈现下调趋势,本研究建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,适于猪细胞传导因子JAK和STAT的定量检测.     

猪维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ的克隆及其在诱导Ⅰ型干扰素中的作用

本研究旨在探讨猪维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)的结构特征及其在I型干扰素信号通路中的作用。从猪外周血单核细胞中克隆猪RIG-Ⅰ全长cDNA,进一步构建猪RIG-Ⅰ全长及不同区域缺失突变体的真核表达载体,通过IFN-βⅠ、RF3和NF-κB的荧光素酶报告系统分析猪RIG-Ⅰ在诱导I型干扰素中的作用。结果表明,猪RIG-Ⅰ开放读码框全长为2 832 bp,编码943个氨基酸,与鸭嘴兽、大鼠、小鼠、猴、黑猩猩、人、马和牛RIG-Ⅰ相应序列的同源性为53.2%~83.2%。猪RIG-Ⅰ超表达能显著激活转录因子IRF3和NF-κB,并诱导IFN-β的产生。缺失猪RIG-Ⅰ的CARD区不仅不能激活下游信号,而且还负调控poly(Ⅰ:C)诱导IFN-β的能力。结果提示RIG-Ⅰ是猪天然免疫系统中的一个模式识别受体,在I型干扰素诱导的信号通路中具有重要作用。     

猪圆环病毒3型TaqMan荧光PCR检测方法的建立

为建立快速、简便检测猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)的方法。本研究根据GenBank中已登录的PCV3 ORF1基因序列,设计了1对特异性引物和1条TaqMan探针,通过优化反应条件,建立了检测PCV3的TaqMan荧光PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法特异性好,不与其他常见猪病病原体发生交叉反应,检测PCV3灵敏度可达12拷贝/μL,本试验建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法可对PCV3进行快速诊断,适合现场检测,为PCV3相关疾病的诊断和防控奠定了基础。     

非洲猪瘟病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

建立一种TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法,用于非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)保守结构蛋白P72基因的检测。参照GenBank登录的ASFV P72相关基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物与1个TaqMan探针,通过对反应条件和反应体系进行优化,建立了快速检测ASFV的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法,对该方法的灵敏性、特异性与重复性进行了验证。结果显示,该方法能有效扩增1.0×10~0～1.0×10~9拷贝/μL ASFV-P72标准质粒,建立的标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系;检测灵敏度为1.0×10~0拷贝;对猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪δ冠状病毒、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒等病原不发生交叉反应;重复性试验结果显示变异系数(CV)小于1%。结果表明,本试验建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法具有良好的灵敏性、特异性和重复性,可用于临床样本中ASFV的检测,从而更好地对ASF疫情进行监测和诊断。     

RIG-Ⅰ样受体信号传导通路与调控机制研究进展

视黄酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)为RLRs受体家族的成员,是比较关键的细胞质内病原体识别受体,可识别细胞内的单链、双链等RNA病毒成分,被激活的RIG-Ⅰ受体及其CARD在TRIM25的作用下连接泛素链使其寡聚化,通过与线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)相互作用,激活MAVS及下游转录因子IRF3和NF-κB,从而诱导Ⅰ型干扰素和炎性因子的表达,最终介导宿主的抗病毒免疫应答。鉴于RIG-Ⅰ持续激活可导致炎性因子对自身细胞的损伤,因此RIG-Ⅰ样受体信号通路受到宿主严格的调控。而某些病毒为逃避宿主细胞的免疫应答,进化出多种机制靶向调节RIG-Ⅰ及MAVS,从而阻断信号通路。论文从RIG-Ⅰ识别病毒机制、激活下游信号传导、宿主细胞对信号传导途径的调控以及病毒逃避机制等方面重点阐述RIG-Ⅰ所介导的天然免疫反应。     

猪圆环病毒3型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立快速、灵敏且特异的检测猪圆环病毒3型(porcine circovirus, PCV)的实时荧光定量PCR方法,本研究根据ORF2基因的保守序列设计一对特异性引物和TaqMan探针,通过构建标准品质粒来制作荧光定量PCR标准曲线,优化反应条件,验证敏感性、特异性及重复性,建立了检测PCV3的实时荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,该方法可以特异性检测出PCV3,而对猪圆环病毒2型、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒等检测结果均为阴性,表明其具有良好的特异性。用构建的标准品质粒测得的灵敏度可以达到10 copies/μL,重复试验批内及批间变异系数均小于2%,表明其具有良好的灵敏性和重复性。以上结果表明,本研究建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、灵敏性高、特异性强的优点,可为我国PCV3型的早期检测及相关研究工作提供可靠的技术支持。     

羊Toll样受体MyD88信号通路接头分子MyD88、TRAF6、AP-1、NF-кB基因TaqMan探针荧光定量检测方法的建立及应用

为探究不同品种羊Toll样受体MyD88通路重要接头分子在其肺组织中转录水平的差异,本研究建立了可用于分析不同品种羊Toll样受体MyD88信号通路接头分子MyD88、AP-1、NF-кB、TRAF6基因的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,并对该方法进行特异性、敏感性、重复性及应用性等性能评价。结果显示:建立的Toll样受体MyD 88通路接头分子4个基因的TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR方法具有较强特异性和较高灵敏度,组内重复和组间重复的变异系数均在5%以下,扩增效率均在90%～105%。将该方法初步应用于临床组织样本的检测,结果显示:NF-кB在黑山羊肺组织中转录水平极显著高于其余4种羊(p0.01);在白山羊、麻羊、湖羊和波尔山羊肺组织中MyD88和TRAF6的转录水平极显著高于AP-1和NF-кB基因的转录水平(p0.01)。本研究建立的方法为研究羊呼吸系统性疫病的发生与Toll样受体信号通路传导的关系奠定基础。     

猪细小病毒感染PK-15细胞抗病毒相关因子转录变化的分析

为了解猪细小病毒(PPV)感染后引起干扰素及其相关细胞因子的反应,探讨宿主一病毒之间的作用关系,作者运用荧光定量PCR技术,测定和分析PPV感染PK-15细胞引起的病毒DNA量的变化和细胞因子IFN-β、IFN-γ、IFNAR-1、IFNAR 2、MHC-I、MHC一Ⅱ、MX1、iNOS、2-5AS、RNase L和IRF-3的转录水平.结果显示,PPV感染PK-15细胞12h病毒开始大量迅速增殖,48 h达到最高峰;PPV感染后可引起PK-15细胞中IFN-β、IFN-γ、IFNAR-1、IFNAR-2、MHC-I、MHC-Ⅱ、Mxl、iNOS、2-5AS、RNase I.和IRF-3的转录量显著增加,其中Mχ1基因在24 h转录量达到8 423倍.猪细小病毒感染可引起PK-15细胞抗病毒相关因子转录增加.     

猪劳森氏胞内菌TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速有效的检测猪劳森氏胞内菌(LI)的方法,本研究根据该菌的天冬氨酸氨裂解酶基因保守序列设计合成一对特异性引物和一条TaqMan探针,建立了定量检测LI的荧光定量PCR方法,并对其进行敏感性、特异性、稳定性试验以及与套氏PCR方法的比较试验.结果表明,标准曲线的循环阈值与模板浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998507;该方法对其他病原体的检测无特异性荧光信号;而且该方法灵敏度高于套式PCR方法.本研究为猪LI的检测提供了一种特异、敏感、快速的定量检测方法.     

口蹄疫病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立检测口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的方法,本研究根据GenBank中FMDV的2B基因序列,设计合成一对引物和一条TaqMan探针,将2B基因克隆到pBlueScriptSK(-)载体中,利用T7体外转录试剂盒制备标准品,通过优化反应条件,建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法.结果表明,该检测方法的敏感性达到102拷贝/μL;与其它主要相关病毒均不发生交叉反应,批内和批间试验重复性的变异系数(CV)均小于3％.本研究建立的FMDV TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法对FMDV的快速检测具有重要意义.     

Immunohistochemical detection of multiple myeloma 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF-4) in canine plasmacytoma: comparison with CD79a and CD20

Multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4) is involved in lymphoid cell differentiation, particularly in the production of plasma cells. We examined the immunoreactivity of mouse monoclonal antibody Mum-1p to MUM1/IRF4 and compared it with expression of CD79a and CD20 in 109 plasmacytomas in 107 dogs. Tissues had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. One hundred one of 109 (93.5%) tumors were positive for MUM1/IRF4. The staining was nuclear with weak cytoplasmic reaction. Fifty-nine of 105 (56.2%) plasmacytomas were positive for CD79a; only 21 of 108 (19.4%) cases were positive for CD20. MUM1/IRF4 staining was performed on 139 other tumors including B- and T-cell lymphomas, histiocytic proliferations, mast cell tumors, and melanocytic tumors. The only MUM1/IRF4-positive nonplasmacytic tumors were 10 B-cell lymphomas and 1 anaplastic lymphoma. We conclude the following: 1) Antibody Mum-1p is very specific for canine plasmacytomas, 2) antibody Mum-1p is superior in sensitivity and specificity to CD79a and CD20 for the identification of canine plasmacytomas in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, 3) canine lymphomas that express MUM1/IRF4 are few and usually of B-cell origin, 4) other canine leukocytic and melanocytic tumors do not express MUM1/IRF4, and 5) prospective studies are needed to determine whether the expression of MUM1/IRF4, particularly in lymphomas, has prognostic significance.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.