Immune protection assay of Newcastle disease live vaccine （LaSota Strain） against a genotype VII NDV isolate

从山东省发病鸡群分离鉴定了一株新城疫病毒（NDV）,命名为SDLY01。经蚀斑纯化后进行毒力测定和序列分析表明分离株SDLY01属于基因VII型NDV强毒。20只7日龄SPF鸡免疫新城疫活疫苗LaSota后14d分别用NDV标准强毒F48E8和分离株SDLY01攻毒,同时设同日龄SPF鸡为对照组,未免疫任何疫苗。攻毒后观察10d,免疫组在攻毒后食欲、精神均正常;对照组在攻毒后2～4d发病死亡,并表现ND典型的临床症状和病理变化。攻毒后第3、5、7、9d对免疫组试验鸡取喉头、泄殖腔棉拭进行病毒分离,F48E8攻毒组病毒分离均为NDV阴性,SDLY01攻毒组第5d病毒分离NDV阳性,第3、7和9d病毒分离阴性。本研究结果表明LaSota活疫苗对F48E8和SDLY01均能提供100％免疫保护,但不能完全抑制基因VIINDV分离株在体内的复制和排毒。     

鸡新城疫重组鸡痘病毒活疫苗的免疫持续期和加强免疫研究

本研究旨在评价表达新城疫病毒（NDV）血凝素-神经氨酸酶（HN）基因的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV-12LSHN）活疫苗的免疫持续期和加强免疫对疫苗免疫效力的影响。用rFPV-12LSHN活疫苗免疫14日龄SPF鸡,103PFU/羽,7d即可检测到NDV HI抗体应答,对NDV强毒F48E8株攻毒保护率达100%。一次免疫18周后,对NDV强毒攻击依然提供完全保护。鸡痘病毒（FPV）疫苗免疫4周,再接种rFPV-12LSHN活疫苗,攻毒保护率降低至50%。相反,rFPV-12LSHN免疫4周,随后二次免疫可显著提高对NDV的体液免疫应答水平（P〈0.01）,对NDV强毒攻击的保护率仍然为100%。结果表明,表达NDV HN基因的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV-12LSHN）活疫苗,能够快速建立坚强免疫力,免疫持续期至少可达18周,rFPV-12LSHN的二次免疫可以提高疫苗的免疫力。     

猪脾转移因子提高LaSota株鸡新城疫弱毒疫苗的免疫保护率

旨在了解猪脾转移因子（TF）对新城疫病毒（NDV）弱毒疫苗LaSota株的免疫增强效果及机制。本研究分别采用不同剂量（10^-2、10^-3、10^-4、10^-5羽份） LaSota疫苗株单独（单独免疫组）、LaSota疫苗株与TF联合（联合免疫组）免疫SPF鸡,14 d后以NDV F₄₈E₉强毒攻毒,同时设立对照组（非免疫攻毒）和空白组（非免疫非攻毒）,并采用ELISA方法与蛋白质芯片技术分别测定外周血IL-4、IFN-γ与IL-12 P40浓度。结果显示,鸡免疫10^-2、10^-3、10^-4、10^-5羽份时疫苗攻毒保护率和半数保护量（PD₅₀）如下：单独免疫组分别为100%、55%、0%、0%和0.000 8羽份,联合免疫组分别为100%、75%、0%、0%和0.000 5羽份,对照组和空白组死亡率分别为100%和0%。免疫10^-3羽份疫苗后,联合免疫组IL-4和IFN-γ含量均高于其他组,并于第7、14天差异极显著（P<0.01）;攻毒后,联合免疫组IL-4、IFN-γ和IL-12 P40含量均高于其他组,IL-4于第1、14天,IFN-γ于第1、3天,IL-12 P40于第1天差异极显著（P<0.01）。综上表明,TF可增强IFN-γ、IL-12介导的细胞免疫和IL-4介导的体液免疫,提高LaSota株弱毒疫苗的免疫保护率,降低疫苗PD₅₀;在抵抗NDV F₄₈E₉强毒攻击时,联合免疫组的免疫保护率明显高于单独免疫组。     

传染性支气管炎重组鸡痘病毒免疫鸡对LHLJ04X I株病毒攻击的免疫保护作用

将表达鸡IFN-γ基因和传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因的重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV-IFN-γ S1）接种SPF鸡后,用与S1基因亲本毒株具有相同致病型且遗传关系较近的现地分离株LHLJ04XI病毒进行攻击．评价重组疫苗对现地分离病毒的保护效果。结果显示,重组病毒在免疫后1周即可检出ELISA抗体,并且免疫组外周血CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞含量均有显著上升。当用LHLJ04XI株病毒及亲本毒LX4攻击后,免疫鸡的肝脏、肾脏、脾脏及肺脏等脏器的病理损伤程度明显轻于非免疫对照组,排毒时间缩短,攻毒后现地分离株攻击的免疫组的发病率为27.3％（3／11）,死亡率为9．1％（1／11）,亲本毒攻击的免疫组发病率为26．67％（4／15）,死亡率为6．67％（1／15）,两者没有明显差异,而非免疫对照组的发病率和死亡率分别为100％（11／11）和45．5％（5／11）,与免疫组相比差异显著,说明重组疫苗对免疫鸡具有较好的保护效果。体重测定结果表明,攻毒前重组疫苗免疫组和非免疫对照组的体重差异不显著（P〉0．05）,攻毒以后免疫组体重的增加幅度高于非免疫对照组。以上结果表明,共表达鸡IFN-^γ基因和传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗能对异源现地分离株的攻击产生较好的免疫保护,同时也减轻了重组疫苗对体重增长的抑制作用。     

新城疫LaSota活疫苗对基因Ⅶ型分离株的免疫保护性试验

从山东省发病鸡群分离鉴定了一株新城疫病毒(NDV),命名为SDLY01。经蚀斑纯化后进行毒力测定和序列分析表明分离株SDLY01属于基因Ⅶ型NDV强毒。20只7日龄SPF鸡免疫新城疫活疫苗LaSot a后14 d分别用NDV标准强毒F48E8和分离株SDLY01攻毒,同时设同日龄SPF鸡为对照组,未免疫任何疫苗。攻毒后观察10 d,免疫组在攻毒后食欲、精神均正常;对照组在攻毒后2～4d发病死亡,并表现ND典型的临床症状和病理变化。攻毒后第3、5、7、9 d对免疫组试验鸡取喉头、泄殖腔棉拭进行病毒分离,F48E8攻毒组病毒分离均为NDV阴性,SDLYO1攻毒组第5 d病毒分离NDV阳性,第3、7和9d病毒分离阴性。本研究结果表明LaSot a活疫苗对F48E8和SDLY01均能提供100%免疫保护,但不能完全抑制基因Ⅶ NDV分离株在体内的复制和排毒。     

新城疫-传染性支气管炎-减蛋综合征三联灭活油乳剂疫苗的攻毒保护试验

用新支减三联灭活油乳剂疫苗皮下注射健康鸡，免疫3周后，分别用NDVF48E9株、IBVM41株、EDSVHE02株进行攻毒，检验新支减三联灭活油乳剂疫苗的免疫保护能力。结果显示，免疫组的攻毒保护率为：新城疫100％保护，传染性支气管炎书0％保护，减蛋综合征90％保护；对照组攻毒保护率为：新城疫0％保护，传染性支气管炎2...     

HPS油乳剂灭活疫苗问世

印度学者研制了一种鸡心包积水综合征（HPS）油乳剂灭活疫苗，并测定了其免疫效果。该苗是用感染鸡的肝匀浆制备的。肝匀浆经氯份提取，福尔马林灭活，以液体石蜡为性剂制备疫苗。肉鸡10日龄免疫，颈皮下接种0．5mL／只，然后各取部分试验鸡分别在3、5和7周龄攻击强毒，用琼脂扩散试验测定其抗体效价。结果免疫鸡3次攻毒均获得100％的保护，且每次攻毒的血清抗体效价分别为2．01092，1．slogZ和061。gZ，而对照鸡3和5周龄攻毒全部死亡，7周龄攻毒40％存活，这可能是老龄鸡易感性较低所致。田间应用证实，免疫鸡均获得保护，未见发生。C包…     

禽流感H9亚型灭活油乳剂疫苗不同剂量的免疫效果比较

将47只28日龄SPF鸡分为4组，第1～3组为试验组，每组12只，分别肌肉注射禽流感H9亚型灭活油乳剂疫苗0．1、0．3、0．5mL／只，第4组11只为对照组。各组鸡在免疫后1、2、3周采血，测定H9抗体水平；在免疫后3周用1：10稀释的AIV H9N2攻毒，0．2mL／只。攻毒后第2、3、4周继续测定H9抗体水平，观察了疫苗对鸡的保护效果。结果显示，0．5mL／只剂量的免疫效果比0．1mL／只和0．3mL／只剂量的免疫效果好；攻毒用的AIV H9N2的致病力低，对所有试验鸡均不致死。     

NDVLaSota、V4疫苗免疫鸡及免疫攻毒鸡的主要特异性血清抗体动态变化规律比较

本研究应用间接ELISA方法对新城疫LaSota和V4疫苗免疫SPF鸡及免疫后攻毒SPF鸡的血清中新城疫病毒（NDV）特异性HI抗体、IgM和IgG抗体水平的动态变化进行了检测。结果表明，V4较LaSota疫苗免疫鸡HI抗体提前3天左右出现，但除高峰期（1周左右）外，其HI抗体水平均低于LaSota免疫鸡。LaSota免疫鸡。LaSota疫羁免疫鸡血清中NDV特异性IgM和IgGr抗体高峰较V4免疫鸡提前约2周出现，攻毒后，LaSota免疫鸡血清中特异性IgG和IgG回忆应答显著，而V4免疫鸡IgM和IgG回忆应答不明显。     

H5亚型禽流感DNA疫苗质粒pCAGGoptiHA5对高致病力禽流感病毒攻击的免疫保护

对H5亚型禽流感DNA疫苗质粒pCAGGoptiHA5的免疫效果进行了研究。pCAGGoptiHA5分别以100和10μg剂量一次或两次免疫3周龄SPF鸡，首次免疫后4周以同样剂量和途径进行第二次免疫，一次免疫后4周、两次免疫后2周分别用100LD50的HPAIV A／Goose／GuangDong／1／96（H5N1）鼻腔途径进行攻击，观察发病与死亡情况，分别于攻毒后第3、5、7天采集喉头及泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离、滴定检测排毒情况，同时检测免疫后、攻毒前及攻毒后血清HI抗体、NT抗体以及AGP抗体的动态变化。结果，100μg pCAGGoptiHA5一次免疫、100μg pCAGGoptiHA5两次免疫以及10μg pCAGGoptiHA5两次免疫均可对免疫鸡形成100％完全保护（不发病、不致死、不排毒），10μg剂量pCAGGoptiHA5一次免疫可对免疫鸡形成100％的保护（不发病、不致死），结果表明，pCAGGoptiHA5作为疫苗效果良好、成本低廉，有望成为预防H5亚型高致病力禽流感的高效、安全新型基因工程疫苗。     

表达传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2基因的重组鸡痘病毒的构建及其免疫保护性研究

以脂质体转染技术构建了表达鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）ＶＰ２基因的重组鸡痘病毒ＦＰＶ－ＶＰ２，该病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞及鸡体内均能稳定产生子代病毒，经翅皮下５×１０５ＰＦＵ／羽免疫１日龄ＳＰＦ鸡，免疫后４周以１００ＬＤ５０／羽ＩＢＤＶ超强毒株Ｇ株攻毒，获得了５／６的保护，但不能有效预防临床发病及法氏囊受损萎缩。实验结果证明了ＶＰ２是ＩＢＤＶ的宿主保护性抗原，提示Ｔ细胞介导的免疫可能在ＩＢＤＶ的免疫中起着较为重要的作用。本研究为ＩＢＤＶ重组病毒疫苗研制进行了有益探索。     

Antibody response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) expressing a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of NDV into chickens in the presence of antibody to NDV or FPV.

Antibody response of recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) was studied in chickens inoculated with the virus in the presence or absence of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or FPV. In the case of NDV, high hemagglutination-inhibition titers to NDV were obtained when the antibody was present. No immune response to NDV was observed in the chickens previously vaccinated with FPV.     

Field trial in commercial broilers with a multivalent in ovo vaccine comprising a mixture of live viral vaccines against Marek's disease,infectious bursal disease,Newcastle disease,and fowl pox

A multivalent in ovo vaccine (MIV) was tested for safety and efficacy in a commercial broiler complex. The MIV comprised five replicating live viruses including serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of Marek's disease virus (MDV), an intermediate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and a recombinant fowl poxvirus (FPV) vector vaccine containing HN and F genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The performance of MIV-vaccinated broilers was compared with that of hatchmates that received turkey herpesvirus (HVT) alone (routinely used in ovo vaccine in the broiler complex). The chickens that hatched from the MIV-injected and HVT-injected eggs were raised under commercial conditions in six barns. Barn 1 housed 17,853 MIV-vaccinated chickens and each of the barns 2-6 housed 18,472-22,798 HVT-vaccinated chickens. The HVT-vaccinated chickens were given infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and NDV vaccines at hatch and at 2 wk of age. The MIV-vaccinated chickens received IBV vaccine at hatch and IBV + NDV at 2 wk of age. The relative values of hatchability of eggs, livability and weight gain of chickens, and condemnation rates at processing were comparable between the MIV and the HVT groups (P > 0.05). Chickens from the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups were challenged with virulent viruses under laboratory conditions. The resistance of vaccinated chickens against Marek's disease could not be assessed because of high natural resistance of unvaccinated commercial broilers to virulent MDV. The relative resistances of the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups, respectively, against other virulent viruses were as follows: IBDV, 100% for both groups; NDV, 81% vs. 19%; FPV, 86% vs. 0%. The successful use of MIV under field conditions expands the usefulness of the in ovo technology for poultry.     

Vaccination of chickens with a recombinant fowlpox virus containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus under the control of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase promoter.

When chickens were vaccinated with a recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) containing the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) cDNA under the control of the thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and inserted into the FPV TK gene, the FPV antibody response to the recombinant virus was similar to the response to vaccination with standard FPV, and the recombinant virus protected chickens against challenge with virulent FPV. While the presence of the NDV HN cDNA was demonstrated in the recombinant virus, which was stable on serial passage, expression of HN was not detected by hemagglutination, Western blot analysis or immunoprecipitation of infected cell lysate. Chickens vaccinated with the recombinant virus failed to mount an NDV hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response, and they did not resist challenge with velogenic NDV. It was concluded that the TK promoter was too weak to drive the HN gene, but that the insertion into the FPV TK gene did not reduce the immunogenicity of the virus.     

表达新城疫HN和F基因重组禽痘病毒的免疫效力测定

将8日龄SPF鸡随机分组.分别接种rFPVHN、rFPVF、rFPVNHF重组禽痘病毒,接种量为每只鸡105PFU,另一组群用La Sota活苗经点眼、滴鼻接种10<'6>EID<,50>.于免疫后6d、12d和18d测定HI和微量中和抗体.结果发现,3种重组病毒均能刺激鸡群产生抗新城疫病毒特异抗体,但抗体产生时间比La Sota活苗缓慢,且抗体滴度亦低.然而共表达HN和F的rFPVNHF免疫鸡群的中和抗体水平明显比rFPVHN和rFPVF组群高.表明rFPVNHF的保护性免疫更优于HN或F单基因重组禽痘病毒.     

共表达NDV F和IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒遗传稳定性研究

将共表达NDV F和IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒(重组鸡痘病毒vFV282)接种10日龄~11日龄SPF鸡胚,连续传10代,分别对第5、8、10代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定;重组鸡痘病毒vFV282接种鸡胚成纤维细胞,分别对第1、5、10、15、20、25、30代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定;重组鸡痘病毒vFV282翅翼刺种于鸡体上,连续传8代,对第3、5、8代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定。结果表明,重组鸡痘病毒vFV282在SPF鸡胚上传10代、在SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞传30代、在鸡体传8代后,其毒力未返强,F基因和VP0基因未发生缺失和变异。     

A fowlpox virus vaccine vector with insertion sites in the terminal repeats: demonstration of its efficacy using the fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus

In this paper we report the development and testing of a fowlpox virus vector system. Insertion sites in non-essential regions within the terminal inverted repeats of the virus have been characterised. Foreign genes inserted into these sites are shown to be present in two copies in the resultant recombinant virus. To test the potential use of this vector as a live vaccine the fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been inserted into a vaccine strain of fowlpox virus, and inoculated into chickens. The experiments demonstrate the ability of the recombinant to protect chickens against challenge by a virulent strain of NDV and to elicit the formation of anti-fusion protein antibody.     

Protection of chickens from Newcastle disease and infectious laryngotracheitis with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing the F, HN genes of Newcastle disease virus and gB gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus

A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) coexpressing the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes and infectious laryngothracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoprotein B gene was constructed. This virus was then evaluated for its ability to protect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens against clinical symptoms and death after challenge by virulent NDV and ILTV. SPF chickens were grouped and vaccinated with the rFPV and commercial NDV (La Sota) and ILTV attenuated live vaccine (Nobilis ILT), respectively. After challenge with NDV 10 days postvaccination, 70% of chickens vaccinated with rFPV were protected from death, whereas 100% of the commercial NDV-vaccinated chickens were protected from death. In contrast, 100% of the unvaccinated chickens died after challenge. After challenge with ILTV, both the rFPV and commercial ILTV-vaccinated chickens were completely protected from death and 70% of chickens were protected from respiratory signs. In comparison, 100% of the unvaccinated chickens developed severe respiratory disease and 10% of chickens died. The protective efficacy was also measured by the antibody responses and isolation of challenge viruses. Results showed that this rFPV could be a potential vaccine for preventing NDV and ILTV by a single immunization.     

传染性喉气管炎新城疫鸡痘重组病毒免疫效力的研究

在表达鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)糖蛋白gB基因和新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因的重组鸡痘病毒(rF-PV-gB-F)安全性检验合格后,以5.0×101~5.0×104PFU不同含量按0.1mL/鸡的剂量免疫100只30日龄SPF鸡,30d后分组分别用ILTVWG株和NDVF48E9株强毒进行攻击。免疫鸡抗鸡痘病毒抗体都转为阳性,痘反应和接种剂量有关,重组疫苗的最小反应剂量为50PFU。重组疫苗可以诱发对新城疫和传染性喉气管炎的保护,0.1mL/鸡的接种量在500~5000PFU浓度范围内的免疫效果最好,对于ILTV攻击的发病保护率在70%以上,对NDV强毒攻击的抗死亡保护率可以达到80%,这为进一步考察疫苗的免疫效力试验以及进行田间试验奠定了基础。     

共表达NDVF和IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒遗传稳定性研究

将共表达NDVF和IBDVVP0基因重组鸡痘病毒（重组鸡痘病毒vFV282）接种10日龄～11日龄SPF鸡胚，连续传10代，分别对第5、8、10代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定；重组鸡痘病毒vFV282接种鸡胚成纤维细胞，分别对第1、5、10、15、20、25、30代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定；重组鸡痘病毒vFV282翅翼刺种于鸡体上，连续传8代，对第3、5、8代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定。结果表明，重组鸡痘病毒vFV282在SPF鸡胚上传10代、在SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞传30代、在鸡体传8代后，其毒力未返强，F基因和VP0基因未发生缺失和变异。