鸡贫血病毒广州株VP3和VP1基因的克隆与序列分析

采用PCR方法成功克隆了3株鸡贫血病病毒(CAV)广州株VP3和VP1的部分基因,并进行了核苷酸序列测定。序列分析表明,3株CAV广州株与国内外其他21株CAV毒株的核苷酸序列相似性在89.5%~100.0%之间;推导氨基酸序列的相似性在84.8%~98.2%之间。系统发育进化树分析显示,3株CAV广州株和中国TJBD40、SD22、SD24株都同处于一个分支上,而与马来西亚的SMSC-1株、日本的G6株以及澳大利亚的CAU269/7株的亲缘关系较远。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-1R株全基因组序列测定及遗传变异分析

为了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的弱毒(PRRSV)株在基因组水平上的变异和分子遗传特征,本研究对致弱毒株CH-1R株进行了全基因组序列的测定。结果表明,CH-1R株基因组序列全长15424nt,具有典型的动脉炎病毒基因组结构。通过与亲本株CH-1a株序列进行比对,发现其基因组内碱基的缺失和突变主要分布在ORF1a基因的第2191位～2193位、ORF5基因的第439位、ORF6基因的第49位和ORF7基因的第28位和第139位。其中PRRSVCH-1R株的Nsp2蛋白和结构蛋白的变异相对较大,尤其是Nsp2蛋白的变异,同CH-la株相比,CH-1R株的Nsp2蛋白存在多处核苷酸的突变,其中包括连续3个核苷酸发生缺失;由结构蛋白基因推导的氨基酸序列共有17处变异,在各结构蛋白中以GP3和GP5蛋白变异较大,而高度保守的M蛋白和N蛋白,同样发生了变异,由此预测了Nsp2蛋白的R631E、GP5蛋白的L146Q、M蛋白的Q16L和N蛋白的K46N处毒力相关的氨基酸位点,推测其在毒株致弱过程中起到了重要的作用。     

口蹄疫OX株全基因组cDNA的分子克隆、序列测定及分析

采用RT-PCR法对FMDV OX株基因组全序列进行了分子克隆与测序。结果表明不含poly(C)序列和poly(A)尾巴的OX株基因组全序列长8104nt,开放读码框(ORF)长6969nt、编码2322aa,5’UTR长1040nt,3’UTR长95nt。应用分子生物学软件将OX株与FMDV其它参考毒株进行序列比较,并对其基因特征进行分析。结果显示,OX株与OTwyl／97的核苷酸同源性最高,在基因组功能未知区和3A编码区具有两处明显的缺失现象,其一是在3A编码区有30nt的连续缺失,这与OTwyl／97株相同,其二是在功能未知区域有44nt的缺失,这与OTwyl／97株相同,与OAkesu58相似(43nt缺失)。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒缺失变异株的基因组特征

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离株HB2(sh)／2002的全基因组序列进行了测定与分析。该毒株基因组全长为15373nt(不包括PolyA尾)，与国内外美洲型PRRSV分离株全序列相似性介于88．7％～95．1％之间。序列分析表明，该毒株是1个天然存在缺失的变异毒株，其ORFla的Nsp2存在编码12个氨基酸的连续36个核苷酸的缺失，ORF、3存在编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失。这是国内外首次发现PRRSV存在缺失变异现象，研究结果补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

2株鸭甲肝病毒的分离及其全基因组序列分析

为深入研究鸭甲肝病(DHAV),本研究通过RT-PCR方法和血清中和法分离鉴定得到两株DHAV(命名为A株和H株).采用RT-PCR方法分段克隆这两个分离株的全基因组序列.分析结果显示,A株的基因组全长为7 647nt(不合polyA序列),5＇和3＇非编码区长度分别为583nt和314nt,单一ORF为6 759 nt,编码2 253个氨基酸;H株的基因组全长为7 648 nt(不含polyA序列),5＇和3＇非编码区长度分别为482 nt和314 nt,单一开ORF为6 852 nt,编码2 284个氨基酸.A和H分离株与DHAV-1参考株比较,其核苷酸同源性分别为93.4％～97％和92.7％～95.8％.遗传进化分析表明,DHAV-1型主要分为两个亚群,这两个病毒分离株分别属于不同的亚群.     

新型鸭肝炎病毒分离株JFX08全基因组测定与分析

对我国鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(Duck hepatitis virus,DHV)分离株JFX08的全基因组进行了序列测定与分析。结果表明,JFX08毒株的基因组全长为7793nt,包括652nt的5’UTR,6753nt的ORF,366nt的3’UTR以及19nt的poly(A)尾巴。JFX08毒株的ORF编码2251个氨基酸,各基因均与韩国新型毒株的氨基酸序列相似性最高,与1型DHV和台湾新型DHV的序列相似性均较低。其中VP1较1型DHV存在2个氨基酸的插入和较多氨基酸位点的突变,高变区主要集中在180～194位和213～219位。JFX08毒株的非编码区核苷酸序列之间存在大量碱基突变和插入/缺失。多聚蛋白、VP0、VP3、VP1、2C和3D基因进化分析结果均表明,JFX08分离株与韩国新型DHV的遗传距离最近,属基因C型。     

重庆地区犬圆环病毒检测及序列分析

本试验旨在调查近年来新发的犬圆环病毒（canine circovirus,CCV）在重庆地区的流行情况,探索重庆流行毒株的特性。本研究利用PCR方法对2017年采集于重庆地区的100份犬血清样品进行CCV核酸检测,对所得CCV阳性样品进行全基因组扩增与测序,并利用MegAlign、Mega 6.0和RDP4等软件对分离到的重庆CCV毒株进行分析。结果显示,重庆地区100份犬血清中共有4份为CCV阳性,阳性率为4%,从4份阳性样品中共获得3株不同的CCV基因组（CQ76、CQ79和CQ82）,全长基因组序列均为2 062 nt,与此前报道长度为2 063 nt的CCV基因组相比缺少了一个碱基,该碱基位于5'-基因间隔区内茎环结构的下游。3个毒株的两个ORF之间5'末端间隔区和3'末端间隔区长度分别为134（1 929-2 062 nt）和203 nt（913-1 115 nt）。CQ76、CQ79和CQ82的同源性在99.8%~100%之间,其中CQ76与CQ82仅在第2 019位点存在同义突变;所获得的3个重庆毒株与国内外报道的其他CCV基因组序列同源性为82.7%~97.1%,其中,ORF2的变异程度大于ORF1。基于病毒ORF2序列和全基因组分别构建NJ进化树中,CQ76、CQ79和CQ82均属于同一亚群,与属于基因Ⅱ型的中国毒株204株遗传距离较近,同源性为96.5%~96.7%。RDP4重组分析发现,CQ76、CQ79和CQ82毒株基因组均为广西毒株204株和388株的重组序列,重组区域坐落于ORF2。本研究为丰富CCV流行病学和遗传进化信息,以及进一步防控研究提供基础数据。     

一株鹅细小病毒全基因特征分析

根据GenBank登录的鹅细小病毒基因序列和基因组结构特征,采用PCR技术扩增获得一株鹅细小病毒株（Goose parvovirus,GoPV）全基因序列,为中国大陆地区首次报道。GoPV株病毒全基因大小为5106nt,其基因组5’端和3’端均含有相同的末端倒置重复序列（inverted terminal repeats, ITR）,ITR全长为444nt。GoPV基因组主要由左右两侧两个开放阅读框组成,左侧编码非结构蛋白（non-structureprotein,NS）NSl和NS2,右侧编码3种结构蛋白（viral structural protein,VP）VP1、VP2和VP3。NS基因全长为1884nt（537-2420nt）,其中NS2全长1356nt（1065～2420nt）;VP基因全长2199nt（2439-4637nt）,其中Ⅵ叼全长1764nt（2874-4637nt）,VP3全长1605nt（3033-4637nt）,在其右侧的ITR前有一个Poly（A）的尾。GoPV株病毒全基因和欧洲疫苗株（EU583392（VG32／1,Europe））核苷酸同源性最高,高达98．6％。本研究为进一步研究GPV分类地位以及进化关系提供依据,也为研究GPV强毒株和疫苗株之间生物学特性以及GPV治病机理和开发基因工程疫苗奠定基础。     

我国部分地区鸡贫血病毒全基因组核苷酸序列的比较与分析

鸡贫血病毒(Chicken anemia virus,CAV)是目前已知最小的动物病毒之一,为单股环状DNA,基因组长度为2.3 kb.CAV基因组单链有3个部分或完全重叠的开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码核衣壳蛋白VPl、相关蛋白VP2、细胞凋亡因子VP3 3种蛋白.至今发现的所有CAV毒株的抗原性都相同,均属于同一个血清型,但世界各地的CAV分离株之间毒力不同,基因组序列也存在一些差异.     

用3'RACE方法扩增并克隆口蹄疫病毒基因组3'末端序列

应用3’RACE方法扩增并克隆了口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)0H99株基因组3’端真实序列。测序结果表明,所扩增的目的基因片段长1500nt,包括3D基因部分序列、3’端非编码区(Non—Coding Region,NCR)和Poly(A)尾巴,其中3’NCR位于终止密码子TAA之后,长93nt,Poly(A)尾序列至少含有56个A。与参考毒株进行序列比较,结果显示,OH99株与0TY TW／97株的核苷酸同源性较高,为91．4％,而与O1K、CHINA99、A12等毒株的核苷酸同源性较低,其同源性分别为68．1％、71．0％、70．2％。3’NCR的末端存在保守性较高的基序：CCCTCAGATG,TTTTCCC—CGCTTCCT。本研究为进一步研究FMDV基因组的功能、构建OH99株的反向遗传操作系统奠定了基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.