玉屏风复合多糖对环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠的恢复作用

为探讨玉屏风复合多糖对免疫功能损伤的调节和保护作用,以环磷酰胺（80mg／kg）诱导的免疫低下小鼠为实验动物模型,观察不同剂量玉屏风复合多糖（150,300,600mg／kg）对免疫器官结构和功能恢复的影响。结果发现,小鼠胸腺和脾脏体积显著增大,脾脏指数显著升高,脾淋巴细胞增殖、转化能力和NK细胞活性均显著增强（P〈0．05或P〈0。01）。脾脏结构中可见2种组织学变化,脾脏固有结构受损,淋巴组织明显增生。在对玉屏风复合多糖阳性对照组（未注射环磷酰胺）的观察中发现,小鼠脾脏结构清晰,出现结构性增生和肥大。结果证实,玉屏风复合多糙可明昂但讲务痴枷制小窜脾噼垂圭柏知功能确．海茸．对正常小赢睥睦功能扣．右明昂柏增强作用     

水飞蓟对动物机体免疫功能的影响研究

将小鼠分为四组，分别饲喂１０％水飞蓟、２０％水飞蓟、环磷酰胺（０．０１ｇ／ｋｇ）和空白对照（常规饲料），研究对小鼠免疫功能的影响。实验结果证明，水飞蓟各剂量组能增高小鼠外周血白细胞数目（Ｐ＜０．０１、０．００１）；提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率（Ｐ＜０．００１，０．００１）及吞噬指数（Ｐ＜０．０５、０．００１）并随剂量加大有增强的趋势；能促进小鼠淋巴细胞转化，提高淋巴细胞转化百分率（Ｐ＜０．０１、０     

金线莲多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及免疫器官的影响

目的：探讨金线莲多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及免疫器官的影响。方法：按大、中、小剂量给小鼠灌胃金线莲多糖,腹腔注射环磷酰胺（CY）建立免疫抑制模型;测定小鼠体重及胸腺、脾脏重量,计算胸腺、脾指数;采用MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞的增殖。结果：3个金线莲多糖剂量组小鼠的体重及免疫器官指数均低于空白组而高于模型组,脾淋巴细胞增殖均显著（P〈O．05）高于模型组。结论：金线莲多糖能提高免疫抑制小鼠体重及免疫器官指数,促进脾淋巴细胞增殖。     

几种中草药的抗腹泻作用治疗仔猪白痢及其机理的研究

本实验观察了苦参,多头风轮莱和水蓼的抗腹泻作用并对机理进行深入探讨,实验结果表明,苦参和多头风轮莱极显著地（Ｐ〈０．０１）,水蓼显著地（Ｐ〈０．０５）,降低了番泻叶所致小鼠大肠性腹泻的频率;水蓼极显著地（Ｐ〈０．０１）,降低了蓖麻油所致小鼠小肠性腹泻的发生率和频率,多头风轮莱也明显降低其发生率（Ｐ〈０．０５）苦参,多头风轮莱和水蓼极显著或显著地抑制了乙酸所致家兔肠粘膜或小鼠腹膜的急性炎渗出（Ｐ〈０     

SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后白细胞介素2和干扰素诱生 …

对１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡人工感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）后,胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）诱生活性于１４￣４９ｄ极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性于１４ｄ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,感染后２１￣４９ｄ极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性于１４ｄ极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）;脾淋巴细胞干扰素（ＩＦＮ）的诱生活性于感染后７￣４９ｄ极显著     

实用饲粮补锌对肉鸡组织锌、免疫器官及生产性能的影响

采用实用饲粮（玉米－多饼型,含锌３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,对狄高肉鸡（４～６周龄）分别补加锌４０和８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,研究微量元素Ｚｎ对试鸡组织锌含量、免疫器官生长发育及生产性能的影响。结果表明饲粮缺锌（含Ｚｎ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）不影响鸡体重、饲料转化率和心、肝、肾、胰、肌胃、脑千克活体重（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但缺锌影响脾、胸腺、法氏囊、盲肠扁桃体、免疫器官及腺胃、小肠厚度、甲状腺生长发育（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;饲粮补锌（４０、８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）能改善免疫器官机能,增加胫骨、跗骨、趾骨、肝、胰、肾、心组织锌含量（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）;骨、肝、胰组织对饲粮锌缺乏较敏感,趾骨锌含量是标识鸡锌营养状况的灵敏指标。     

淫羊藿——蜂胶佐剂对小白鼠NK细胞活性的影响

应用ＬＤＨ（乳酸脱氢酶）释放法检测了淫羊藿－蜂胶佐剂（以下简称Ｙ－Ｆ佐剂）对小白鼠ＮＫ细胞活性的影响。结果Ｙ－Ｆ佐剂组小鼠ＮＫ细胞活性极显著地高于阴性对照组（Ｙ组）和环磷酰胺组（ＣＹ组）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｙ－Ｆ佐剂／环磷酰胺组极显著高于ＣＹ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），但与Ｙ组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果表明：Ｙ－Ｆ佐剂不仅能极显著提高小鼠ＮＫ细胞杀伤活性，而且能抗ＣＹ的免疫抑制作用，使ＣＹ抑制小鼠ＮＫ细胞活性恢复到正常水平。     

中药制剂产后康复宁的药理研究

应用ＬＭＳ－２Ｂ二道生理记录仪及配套装置,通过免疫器官重量法和鸡红细胞（ＣＲＢＣ）作免疫原的溶血素（ＩｇＭ）测定法及体内抑菌试验法,观测了中药制剂产后康复宁对家兔离体、在位子宫和小鼠免疫功能的影响,以及对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８小鼠的保护作用。结果表明,产后康复宁可使兔离体子宫收缩频率显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,张力显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）,振幅显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;与麦角相比,仅５ｍｉｎ相同时间的子宫收缩频率差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其余相同时间子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。使在位子宫收缩频率明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,张力明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）,振幅明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;与麦角比较,子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅在５、１０ｍｉｎ相同时间内差异均不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对免疫功能的影响,不但使小鼠脾脏显著增重（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而且溶血素明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８的小鼠有明显的保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示产后康复宁有增强子宫收缩,促使宫内恶露排除,加速子宫复旧,增强机体免疫功能等作用。     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对vMDV感染雏鸡淋巴细胞化学发光的影响

１日龄雏鸡人工感染ｖＭＤＶ，并注射黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）和香菇多糖（Ｌｅｎ），分别于７、１６、２８、４２和５６日龄检测雏鸡淋巴细胞化学发光（ＣＬ）的变化。结果表明：（１）ＡＰＳ对７、１４日龄ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊淋巴细胞的ＣＬ有显著抑制作用（ｐ〈０．０５，ｐ〈０．０１），在２８、４２日龄则显著增强淋巴细胞ＣＬ（ｐ〈０．０５，ｐ〈０．０１）；（２）Ｌｅｎ对７、１４日龄ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡胸腺、脾     

鸡传染性贫血病对雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫的抑制机理──Ⅱ．T、B细胞功能变化

１日龄健康雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后８天进行ＮＤ疫苗免疫和免疫后２９天用ｖＮＤＶ攻击，于免疫后７、１４、２８天和攻毒后１０天取材检测。结果，感染ＣＩＡＶ雏鸡ＮＤ免疫后，胸腺和脾脏Ｔ细胞增殖反应分别于７天和７～１４天比未感染免疫对照鸡明显减弱（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）法氏囊和脾脏Ｂ细胞增殖反应均于７～１４天明显减弱（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｖＮＤＶ攻击后，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ细胞增殖反应均比未感染ＣＩＡＶ的免疫对照鸡显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１．Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述结果表明，ＣＩＡＶ感染ＮＤ免疫雏鸡中枢和外周免疫器官的细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答功能均明显降低，并与其分子免疫调节功能降低密切相关。     

被毛突变小鼠解剖及繁殖学特性观察

对一种新的具有个毛、无毛、稀毛３种表型的被毛突变小鼠的大体解剖学特性研究结果表明,其心肝、脾、肺、肾、肾上腺等脏器的位置、形态及组织学结构无表型间差异,但无毛小鼠被毛和皮肤结构异常,大多数脏器的重量和脏器系数表现出表型差异和性别差异（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。繁殖学特性研究结果表明,虽然无毛小鼠雌雄生殖系统的器官组成、发情周期与其他２种表型之间无明显差异,但其雄性的初情期明显滞后（约２周左右）     

桃金娘果多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

【目的】 探讨桃金娘果多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。【方法】 腹腔注射环磷酰胺80 μg/g BW, 1次/d, 连续3 d, 建立小鼠免疫抑制模型。将造模成功的小鼠随机分为5组(每组16只): 模型组、黄芪多糖组、桃金娘果多糖低、中、高剂量组。另设16只健康小鼠为正常组。黄芪多糖组每只小鼠按200 μg/g BW剂量腹腔注射黄芪多糖混悬液, 桃金娘果多糖低、中、高剂量组分别按50、100、200 μg/g BW剂量腹腔注射桃金娘果多糖混悬液, 正常组和模型组每只小鼠腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水, 1次/d, 连续7 d。试验结束后, 分别测定小鼠脏器指数(胸腺、脾脏)、血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、溶菌酶(LZM)的含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。【结果】 桃金娘果多糖不同剂量组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均有不同程度提高, 尤以桃金娘果中剂量组最高, 与模型组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。桃金娘果多糖不同剂量组IL-6、IL-1β血清细胞因子含量均极显著高于模型组(P<0.01);桃金娘果多糖低、中剂量组的血清IFN-γ、IL-2含量相较于模型组都有所提升, 但差异均不显著(P>0.05), 桃金娘果多糖高剂量组的IFN-γ、IL-2含量均极显著高于模型组(P<0.01)。桃金娘果多糖不同剂量组小鼠的POD活性和LZM含量均极显著或显著高于模型组(P<0.01;P < 0.05)。【结论】 桃金娘果多糖中剂量即100 μg/g BW对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的恢复效果最佳。     

Effects of the β-Adrenergic Agonist Cimaterol on Growth and Carcass Quality of Monozygotic Friesian Young Bulls at Three Developmental Stages

The objective was to investigate the effects of the β-adrenergic agonist cimaterol (CIM) on growth and carcass quality of Friesian young bulls at different developmental stages. The study comprised three liveweight groups (WG) each of four pairs of monozygotic twins. The average initial liveweight (LW) of the animals in WG 1, 2, and 3 was 162, 299 and 407 kg, respectively. One animal of each pair was fed 0.056 mg CIM per kg LW for 90 days, while the other served as a control (C). The animals were fed concentrate and barley straw according to LW and restricted to 80-90% of the ad libitum level of intake. The animals were slaughtered on day 90 of the treatment period. Without affecting feed intake, CIM treatment increased average daily gain (ADG) by 19% (P<0.001) and thus improved feed efficiency (P<0.001). Dressing percentage, carcass gain, EUROP conformation and longissimus dorsi area were all increased (P<0.001) after CIM treatment. Carcass length (P<0.01), backfat thickness (P<0.05), and internal fat (P<0.001) were reduced after CIM treatment, whereas organ weights were only marginally reduced. Weights of all of 14 different commercial cuts were increased (P<0.002), the increase was largest in cuts from the hind region of the carcass. The percentage of carcass saleable meat increased (P<0.001) in CIM-treated animals. The effects of cimaterol were evident in all three WG. The results show that cimaterol is effective in stimulating overall growth performance and improving carcass leanness of young bulls at different developmental stages, and concomitantly reducing fat deposition in general.     

Determinants of bone mass,density and growth in growing dogs with normal and osteopenic bones

Survey radiographs of all the growing dogs aged up to 6 months, which were presented to the IVRI polyclinics during the 10 year period were screened to study the determinants of bone mass, density and growth. On the basis of clinical history and radiographic evaluation of long bones, the cases were categorized as normal or osteopenic. The relative cortical density (RCD), cortical index (CI), diameter of bone at the distal metaphysis (DDFM) and the width of the growth plate (WFGP) were determined by taking the femur as a model bone in German shepherd, Doberman and Spitz breeds of dogs at different age groups. The results showed that the RCD was the least in 0–2 month old normal growing dogs in all the breeds. As the age advanced up to 6 months the RCD increased 20–25%, and at 6 months, Spitz and Doberman showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in the RCD. In osteopenic bones, RCD remained less (25–50%) than that of normal animals at all age groups, and at 2–6 months of age, RCD in osteopenic bones was significantly lesser than in normal animals in GSD and Spitz breeds. The CI was also the least at 0–2 months of age in normal dogs. The CI increased about 50% at 4–6 months of age in GSD and Spitz. Whereas in Dob., there was no appreciable change in the CI at different age groups, and at 2–6 months it was significantly (P < 0.05) lesser than that of Spitz. In osteopenic bones, the CI was 25–75% lesser than that of normal animals at different age groups, and at 4–6 months there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the normal and osteopenic bones in GSD and Spitz. The DDFM was the least in 0–2 month old normal growing dogs, and as the age advanced, it increased 10–20% up to 6 months. However, no significant difference in the DDFM was seen between breeds and also between the normal and osteopenic bones at different age groups. In normal animals, the WFGP was highest in the early age, subsequently it reduced 50–75% and at 4–6 months there was significant decrease (P < 0.05) in all the breeds of dogs. And at 4–6 months, there was significant (P < 0.05) difference in the WFGP between breeds, it was the least in Spitz and maximum in Dob., suggesting faster growth plate closure in Spitz than in GSD and Dob. breeds. In osteopenic bones, WFGP was generally more than in normal animals, and at 4–6 months (about 3–5 times more) there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the normal and osteopenic bones in all breeds, indicating that physeal closure may be delayed in osteopenic bones. The results indicate that among different breeds Doberman breed has the least bone mass and may be more prone to osteopenia; whereas Spitz has the strongest bone.     

Characteristics of Plasma Powders as Affected by Deglucosing

Avian, bovine, and porcine plasmas were treated with glucose oxidase and dried. Results indicated that the deglucosed plasma powders were less (P<0.05) red and yellow in color than their non-deglucosed counterparts. After 6 wk storage at 37° C, solubility and biuret protein content of the non-deglucosed plasma powders decreased (P<0.05). Foaming capacity was increased (P<0.05) in fresh deglucosed avian plasma but decreased (P<0.05) in fresh bovine and porcine plasmas. However, increased foaming capacity (P<0.05) of deglucosed bovine and porcine plasma powders was observed after storage. There were no differences in 2-TBA values of bovine and porcine plasma powders between fresh deglucosed and non-deglucosed forms except that after 6 wk storage at 37° C, the deglucosed plasma powders had lower (P<0.05) values. The pH of deglucosed avian plasma was lower (P<0.05). In contrast, the deglucosed bovine and porcine plasma were higher (P<0.05) in pH. Overall, results demonstrated that the deglucosing of plasma before drying improved the product quality.     

螺旋藻抗炎和免疫增强作用的研究

试验旨在探讨螺旋藻抗炎作用及其对机体免疫功能的影响。试验通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,构建小鼠体内炎症模型,以地塞米松为阳性对照药物,以小鼠耳肿胀为观察指标,探讨螺旋藻的体内抗炎作用;通过环磷酰胺构建小鼠免疫抑制模型,以不同剂量螺旋藻处理后测定免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠的脏器指数、血清白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）水平,同时结合脾脏及胸腺病理组织学观察,探讨螺旋藻对免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在螺旋藻对小鼠体内抗炎作用影响的试验中,0.3%螺旋藻灌胃对小鼠耳肿胀的抑制率极显著高于地塞米松对照组和其他螺旋藻处理组（P<0.01）,且螺旋藻对各试验组小鼠的脏器指数无不良影响,差异不显著（P>0.05）;在螺旋藻对小鼠免疫功能影响试验中,与空白对照组相比,环磷酰胺阳性对照组脾脏指数和胸腺指数极显著下降（P<0.01）;肝脏指数极显著上升（P<0.01）,其它各剂量螺旋藻处理组小鼠胸腺指数跟空白对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,各组小鼠血清IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平差异不显著（P>0.05）;通过病理组织学观察发现,环磷酰胺阳性对照组小鼠的脾小体萎缩、胸腺小体减少、淋巴细胞及网状细胞变性坏死,而各剂量螺旋藻处理组的脾小体和胸腺小体结构清晰完整、淋巴细胞增多。综上,螺旋藻能降低地塞米松和环磷酰胺对小鼠的免疫抑制,并且能修复小鼠脾脏和胸腺损伤,说明其在抗炎和缓解免疫抑制方面具有一定的作用。     

单次大剂量和多次小剂量环磷酰胺腹腔注射对小鼠免疫抑制模型的影响

试验旨在研究环磷酰胺不同剂量、不同给药次数对建立的小鼠免疫抑制模型免疫指标变化的影响。选择7周龄雄性昆明小鼠200只，随机均分为5组：对照组（生理盐水组，0 mg/g环磷酰胺）、环磷酰胺3次注射低剂量（0.04 mg/g）和高剂量（0.08 mg/g）组、环磷酰胺1次注射低剂量（0.10 mg/g）和高剂量（0.16 mg/g）组。3次注射组在试验第1天按照给定剂量腹腔注射环磷酰胺，连续注射3 d；对照组按照相同方法每天腹腔注射等体积生理盐水；1次注射组仅在试验第1天按照给定剂量腹腔注射环磷酰胺1次。试验期间每天对小鼠称重，在试验的第1、2、4、6、9、10、11天从各组分别选取8只小鼠采取尾静脉血检测血常规，并在试验的第1、4、6、9、11天从各组分别选取8只小鼠处死，测定股骨骨髓有核细胞、胸腺指数、脾脏指数等指标。结果表明，所有剂量环磷酰胺均可成功建立免疫抑制模型。抑制效果上，0.08 mg/g 3次注射对白细胞、骨髓有核细胞、体重增重、脾脏、胸腺的免疫抑制效果最好，0.16 mg/g 1次注射对红细胞免疫抑制效果最好。抑制周期上，环磷酰胺对白细胞、骨髓有核细胞、脾脏免疫抑制周期较短，对红细胞、胸腺的免疫抑制周期较长；1次注射均较3次注射更早且显著地出现白细胞免疫亢进，而脾脏免疫情况则刚好相反。综上，环磷酰胺不同给药剂量及给药次数对动物不同免疫部位的免疫状态及免疫抑制周期均会产生不同的影响。本研究可为药理试验中针对不同免疫指标进行观测时提供适当的检测剂量及检测时间参考。     

山莨菪碱(654-2)对山羊内毒素休克时肝线粒体膜磷脂代谢的影响

采用高效液相色谱法 ( HPLC)测定了山羊内毒素休克时肝线粒体膜 ( Mi M)中磷脂酰肌醇 ( Ptd Ins)、磷脂酰丝氨酸 ( Ptd Ser)、磷脂酰乙醇胺 ( Ptd Etn)及磷脂酰胆碱 ( Ptd Cho)的变化 ,并观察了山莨菪碱 ( 6 54-2 )的相关保护效应。结果表明 ,内毒素 ( ET)处理组线粒体膜磷脂主要成分 Ptd Ins、Ptd Ser、Ptd Etn及 Ptd Cho含量在处理后 5、1 2 h均显著低于对照组和 6 54-2处理组 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。 6 54-2处理组的 Ptd Ins、Ptd Ser、Ptd Etn、Ptd Cho含量在处理后 5h显著低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ,处理后 1 2 h趋于正常 ( P>0 .0 5)。可见 ,ET可诱导线粒体膜磷脂含量的改变 ,而 6 54-2能有效地改善 ET诱导的这些损伤变化     

The effects of short-term recombinant bovine somatotropin treatment on fattening performance,carcass composition and visceral organ weights in karayaka lambs in Turkey

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) was administered s.c. to lambs for 6 weeks to evaluate its effects on fattening performance, carcass composition and visceral organ weights. Twenty male Karayaka lambs were injected with 250 mg bST every two weeks. Body weight, live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate were not affected by treatment. Head, feet, skin, liver, spleen, kidneys, filled and empty gastrointestinal tract, penis, testis, pelvic fat and internal fat weights were similar for the two groups. Lung weight increased by 17.4% (P < 0.01) and weight of heart decreased 22.7% (P < 0.05) in bST treated lambs. The only carcass characteristics that were affected by bST administration were limb muscle which increased from 1331 g to 1417 g (P < 0.05), loin fat which decreased from 275 g to 174 g (P < 0.01), shoulder fat which decreased from 26 g to 13 g (P < 0.01) and total fat/final weight percentage which decreased from 9.8% to 7.6% (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that prolonged release formulation of bST treatment reduces fat tissue, but does not significantly affect fattening performance or weights of visceral organs, muscle and bone.