被毛突变无毛小鼠皮肤及毛结构观察

对国内首次发现并培育成群的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ突变小鼠的３种表型（无毛、全毛、中间态）的皮肤组织及毛结构进行了观察。结果表明，无毛小鼠仅具有非常短（１～２ｍｍ）、细且弯曲的绒毛，其毛于中心为空泡状，缺乏髓质。无毛小鼠表皮、真皮、皮下组织结构基本与全毛、中间态小鼠相同，但其毛生长周期不健全；毛球位置浅表，数目少，排列不规则；皮脂腺异常增生。推测其被毛结构异常是由毛自身结构异常所致。该小鼠外观似裸鼠，能在普通条件下生长繁殖，可望成为某些皮肤病等研究的动物模型。     

补饲硫对安哥拉山羊F2代杂种羊产毛的影响

用硫酸钠，胱氨酸支安哥拉山羊Ｆ２代杂种羊进行补饲。结果表明：二种硫源对Ｆ２代杂种养单位皮肤面积的剪毛量，总剪毛量，毛丛长度，无髓毛的伸直长度，强度，伸度及含硫量均有显著或极显著提高（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１），对羊毛纤维中无髓毛的比例也有一定的提高；对羊只体重，羊毛细度影响不大（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

安哥拉山羊与中卫山羊杂交效果的分析

依据多年的饲料生产及饲养,分析安哥拉山羊与中卫山羊杂交后代的生产性能,结果表明。,安中一代羊生长发育快,１．５岁和２岁时体重极显著高于中卫山羊（Ｐ〈０．０１）,体高、体斜长和胸围３项体尺指标也极显著大于中卫山羊（Ｐ〈０．０１）;羊毛品质向同质、无髓毛方向变化;无髓毛产量极显著高于中卫山羊（Ｐ〈０．０１）。饲喂效果显著。     

豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系的繁殖学特征及HLC小鼠近交系的建立

对豫医无毛小鼠和有毛小鼠生殖器官的大体形态、组织学结构及其繁殖能力进行了比较研究。结果表明，无毛小鼠生殖器官的位置、形态、组织学结构及发情周期与有毛小鼠无明显差异；无毛雄鼠明显具有生育能力，但其生育期短；无毛雌鼠有生育能力，但繁殖能力下降，受孕率较低，乳腺功能受损辑性差，不能很好地护理幼仔，幼鼠很难成活，一般1～3d内死亡。杂合子有毛小鼠的生育能力正常。在昆明小鼠繁殖群基础上，采用全同胞兄妹交配方式培育建立了HLC小鼠近交系，应用生化标记检测、皮肤移植试验和毛色基因测试法对育成的HLC小鼠进行遗传监测，证实其基因位点高度纯合；对其基本生物学特性进行研究，结果表明其为具有新特性的近交系小鼠，现已近交繁育30代。     

中药制剂产后康复宁的药理研究

应用ＬＭＳ－２Ｂ二道生理记录仪及配套装置,通过免疫器官重量法和鸡红细胞（ＣＲＢＣ）作免疫原的溶血素（ＩｇＭ）测定法及体内抑菌试验法,观测了中药制剂产后康复宁对家兔离体、在位子宫和小鼠免疫功能的影响,以及对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８小鼠的保护作用。结果表明,产后康复宁可使兔离体子宫收缩频率显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,张力显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）,振幅显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;与麦角相比,仅５ｍｉｎ相同时间的子宫收缩频率差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其余相同时间子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。使在位子宫收缩频率明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,张力明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）,振幅明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;与麦角比较,子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅在５、１０ｍｉｎ相同时间内差异均不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对免疫功能的影响,不但使小鼠脾脏显著增重（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而且溶血素明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８的小鼠有明显的保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示产后康复宁有增强子宫收缩,促使宫内恶露排除,加速子宫复旧,增强机体免疫功能等作用。     

蒲草垫料对小鼠繁殖及仔鼠生长发育的影响

探讨蒲草垫料对小鼠繁殖及仔鼠生长发育的影响。小鼠连续产仔３胎,随着胎次的增加,母鼠分娩间隔及产后母体重略有增加,但各胎次实验组与对照组间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｆ１ａ、Ｆ１ｂ、Ｆ１ｃ平均产仔数、存活仔数、仔鼠初重及１－３周龄仔鼠重、仔鼠存活数实验组与对照组相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。离乳仔鼠雄性比为１．０３－１．０８。Ｑ系数随着胎次的增加略有下降,在３８．１－２０．０之间,但实验组与对照组差异不大。Ｆ１ｂ仔鼠前１０周周增重实验组与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｆ１ｂ小鼠交配繁殖２胎,Ｆ２ａ,Ｆ２ｂ各项指标实验组与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｆ２ａ仔鼠前１０周周增重实验组亦与对照组相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。说明蒲草垫料既不影响小鼠的繁殖机能,也不影响仔鼠的生长发育,是一种优质的新型实验动物垫料。     

塞北兔血清碱性磷酸酶遗传多态性研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对２１５只塞北兔血清碱性磷酸酶的遗传多样性进行了检测。结果表明,碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）有三种不同的表型ＡＡ、ＡＢ和ＢＢ,受２个共显性等位基因Ａ和Ｂ控制,基因频率分别为０．２４８８（ＡＫＰ＾Ａ）和０．７５１２（ＡＫＰ＾Ｂ）,杂合度为０．３９４０。经Ｘ＾２检验,ＡＫＰ位点处于高度不平衡状态（Ｐ〈０．００１）。     

生长育肥兔复合添加剂配合筛选试验

选择年龄龄相近，健康无病，体重的１ｋｇ的新西兰白兔８０只，根据体重，性别按组间相似的原则分为４组，每组２０只，结果表明，试兔平均日增重４组间有明显差异，饲料报酬和单位增重的饲料成本，以试验２组和试验３组最好；试验１，２，３，组试兔干物质、能量和粗蛋白质的消化率均显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而试验间无显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），３个试验组的胴体重和屠宰率都显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），但以试验２     

褪黑激素对珍珠长毛兔毛夏季产量的影响

应用新型褪黑激素按不同方法植入４０只成年珍珠长毛兔,观察其对夏季毛产量的影响。结果表明,在珍珠长毛兔夏毛生长期,褪黑激素处理组的夏毛产量明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而粗毛长度和绒毛长度怀对照组差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

复合添加剂对提高氨化秸秆消化利用的研究

结果表明：复合添加剂对提高秸秆的采食量具有明显的作用，试验比对照组提高１６．１％，组间差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。对促进营养物质的消化吸收效果明显。干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率比对照组分别提高７．７、８．５和７．２个百分点。其中有机物组间差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１），其它营养物质组间差异显著，（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

Effects of different n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on reproductive performance,fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation‐lactating sows and suckling piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary ratios of n‐6:n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on reproductive performance, fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation‐lactating sows and suckling piglets. Fifteen primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allotted into three treatments. Fed diets contained different ratios of n‐6:n‐3 PUFA, including 20:1, 15:1 and 10:1. No differences were detected among the treatments for average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows and the back fat levels during lactation (P > 0.05). Body weight (BW) loss of sows after farrowing to weanling was greater in the 10:1 treatment compared with 15:1 or 20:1 (P < 0.05). In piglets, a great significant difference for BW was observed at 4 weeks (P < 0.01). Furthermore, average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the 10:1 treatment was higher (P < 0.05). No difference was observed among treatments in nutrient digestibility of sows (P > 0.05). A great significant difference for fecal microbiota was in the 10:1 treatment compared with 20:1 and 15:1 treatments (P < 0.01). In conclusion, altering the ratio of n‐6:n‐3 PUFA in gestation‐lactating sow diet had no difference on nutrient digestibility in gestation‐lactating sows, but it can partially improve reproductive performance.     

日粮粗蛋白质水平对哺乳母猪及仔猪生产性能的影响

选用分娩日期相近的天津白猪 1 8头 ,按胎次、体重随机分成 3个处理组 ,每个处理 6个重复 ,每个重复 1头母猪。哺乳母猪自由采食 ,自由饮水。 3个处理日粮的蛋白质水平分别为 1 4.0 %、1 6.5%、1 9.0 %。试验期为 7周。分别于母猪分娩后 0天、3 5天测定背膘厚度、体重、采食量 ;对仔猪隔周称重 ;母猪分娩后 2 1天于前腔静脉采血 ,分离血清后分析血清尿素氮、血清总蛋白、肌酸酐。 2 8天在第一、最后两对有效乳头取奶样 ,分析总固形物、乳蛋白、灰分。试验结果表明 ,母猪体重损失、背膘厚度、采食量、乳成分、以及哺乳期仔猪增重在 3个蛋白水平上差异不显著。高蛋白日粮有提高母猪产奶量的趋势(P <0 .0 7)。母猪的血清尿素氮浓度处理间差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。     

Effect of three grazing intensities on selected soil properties in semi‐arid west Texas

Abstract

Soils in the study, carried out in the Texas Trans‐Pecos region, were fine‐loamy, mixed, thermic Aridic Calciustolls; fine‐loamy, mixed, thermic Aridic Ustochrepts; and fine, mixed, thermic Typic Chromusterts. Our primary objective was to determine the effect of three grazing intensities within an intensive, short‐duration grazing system on selected soil physical properties. Maximum compaction occurred in the A2/AB horizons, which has significantly higher (P<0.05) penetrometer readings than the overlying A I/A horizons under all grazing intensities. Heavily grazed areas also have significantly higher (P<0.05) penetrometer reading than the other two areas in both horizons. Heavily grazed areas also have significantly lower (P<0.05) infiltration rates, saturated hydraulic conductivities, and water‐stable aggregates than soils grazed at the other two levels. Aggregates in the A2/AB horizon were more stable than aggregates in the Al and Bw horizons in every pedon under all grazing intensities. When the effect of grazing intensity was analysed for each horizon separately, the lightly grazed areas had significantly lower (P<0.05) bulk density and higher total porosity in the A2/AB horizons than comparable horizons from the other two sites. However, when all horizons were analysed together, no significant differences in bulk density were found among treatments and horizons. No significant differences were observed in percentage organic carbon among treatments.     

Fish community structures in Zostera and Non-Zostera regions of the Kromme estuary,St Francis Bay

Comparative seine netting for fish was performed quarterly during 1981 in the Zostera and non-Zosfera regions of the upper middle reaches of the Kromme estuary. Twenty-four fish and three crustacean species were recorded. The catches were dominated by the following species: Liza dumerili, Glossogobius glurus and Gilchristella aestuarius (Pisces). Only two fish species (Monodactylus falciformes and Rhabdosargus holubi) were recorded in significantly (P<0,05; P<0,05 respectively) higher numbers in the Zostera than in the non-Zosfera regions and community analyses (comparing numbers, species richness and diversity) revealed no significant (P>0,05) differences between the catches from the two regions. These results are contrary to findings of most other researchers and possible reasons for these differences are discussed.     

Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Steers Consuming Broiler Litter with or without Aluminum Sulfate

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of adding alum (aluminum sulfate) to broiler litter on nutrient digestibility and utilization and animal BW gains when fed to steers. To determine nutrient digestibility and utilization, 12 steers were housed in individual metabolism crates and fed one of three diets: 1) 1:1 corn:broiler litter treated with alum (ALUM); 2) 1:1 corn:untreated traditional broiler litter (TRAD); 3) a commercially available diet (CON). Dry matter intake did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. Digestibility of DM and OM was greater (P<0.05) in steers fed ALUM and TRAD, than in steers fed CON. NDF was most digestible (P<0.05) by animals fed TRAD and least digestible by those fed CON, with those consuming ALUM being intermediate. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in ADF, CP, or energy digestibility. Apparent protein retention was greater (P<0.05) in steers fed ALUM and TRAD than in those fed CON. To determine the effect of broiler litter on steer BW gains, a 28-d grazing trial was conducted with 20 steers randomly allotted to the same two broiler litter dietary treatments (n=10) used in the digestibility trial. Steers receiving ALUM gained faster (P<0.05) than those receiving TRAD. Addition of aluminum sulfate to broiler litter fed to cattle did not inhibit nutrient digestibility or utilization.     

Effects of Artificial Insemination vs Natural Service Breeding on Production and Reproduction Parameters in Dairy Herds

The effects of four combinations of AI and natural service (NS) breeding on production and reproduction parameters were analyzed using Holstein Dairy Herd Improvement herd summary records for years 1999 through 2002. Herds were assigned to breeding systems (BS) by percentage of NS usage as follows: 1) 0%, 2) 1 to 20%, 3) 21 to 89%, and 4) 90 to 100%. Regions were North, Midsouth, and South. Herd sizes were small (<100 cows), medium (100 to 249 cows), and large (>250 cows). The mean percentages of AI and NS usage over 4 yr by BS were 1) 100%, 0%; 2) 92.9%, 7.1%; 3) 54.2%, 45.8%; and 4) 1.0%, 99.0%. Actual calving interval was shorter (P<0.05) for BS4 compared with the other systems. Herds using a combination of AI and NS (BS2 and BS3) had longer actual calving intervals than did herds in BS1 (P<0.05). Days dry and the percentage of dry periods between 40 to70 d were less for BS1 (P<0.05). The percentage of cows leaving the herd was significantly less for BS4. The percentage of cows leaving the herd for reproductive reasons was greater for BS1 (P<0.05). Overall reproductive efficiency as measured by the percentage of cows in milk and herd milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for BS1 and declined as the percentage of NS increased. Actual calving interval, days dry, and percentage of dry periods between 40 to 70 d were less in the North (P<0.05). Percentage of cows in milk and herd milk yield were greater in the North (P<0.05). Herd milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for large-size herds and decreased with declining herd size.     

Protein digestive dynamics of meat and bone meals in broiler chickens

This study determined the variations in protein digestibilities and digestion rates in broiler chickens offered diets containing 7 different meat and bone meals (MBM). A total of 252 male Ross 308 broiler chickens were offered 7 atypical diets largely based on maize and MBM from 24 to 28 d post-hatch. Each experimental diet was offered to 6 replicates with 6 birds per replicate cage. Excreta were collected in their entirety from 25 to 27 d post-hatch and on 28 d post-hatch. Digesta samples were collected from the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum. Apparent digestibilities of protein were determined in each segment and apparent digestibilities of amino acids were measured in the distal ileum. There were significant differences in apparent protein digestibility coefficients in the proximal jejunum (P = 0.006), where broiler chickens offered the high ash beef meal (diet 7) generated the lowest protein digestibility in the proximal jejunum (0.318). Similarly, there were significant differences in apparent digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum (P < 0.001) and distal ileum (P < 0.001) but not in the proximal ileum. More pronounced differences were found in the disappearance rate of protein and there were significant differences in all 4 segments of the small intestine (P < 0.001). Broiler chickens offered the high ash beef meal had the lowest protein disappearance rate (P < 0.001). No difference was observed in the predicted protein digestion rate (P = 0.486) but chickens offered the high ash beef meal had the lowest potential digestible protein (0.662, P = 0.034) whereas the highest potential digestible protein (0.739) was detected in diet 5 (containing a beef meal). This study contributed to the establishment of a preliminary database to include digestion rates of starch and protein into practical diet formulation.     

菊苣主要表型性状的多元统计分析

为探明菊苣不同来源、不同类型种植材料的表型变异特征及其原因,通过变异系数、相关性、聚类和主成分分析对80份菊苣属材料表型性状进行多元统计分析。结果表明,1)不同菊苣种质资源的形态学特征存在广泛的变异,3级生殖枝数变异幅度最大,变异系数为31.11%;2)菊苣形态学特征间存在显著相关性,叶片宽大类型的菊苣种质,植株高、生殖枝多、茎秆粗壮,但单个花序小花数少;3)聚类分析表明,不同菊苣种质资源可划分为3个形态类型,即窄叶匍匐型、中等宽叶直立型和阔叶直立型;4)主成分分析表明,不同材料间和类型间的差异主要来源于叶片大小、株高和小花数、小花直径。     

The Effects of an Intermittent Regimen of Altrenogest on Behavioral,Hormonal, and Testicular Parameters of Three-Year-Old Stallions

To suppress sexual and aggressive behavior in performance stallions, many trainers administer oral altrenogest in an off-label regimen of short-term, repetitive dosages despite the absence of any research to examine possible side effects. In this study, nine 3-yr-old Quarter-Horse stallions were initially blocked by sire and randomly allotted to two groups, treatment (n = 5) and control (n = 4). The treatment group received a total of three 10-d (d 1 to 10, 21 to 30, and 41 to 50) regimens of 0.088 mg/kg BW Regu-Mate® (Intervet, Millsboro, DE) followed by 10 d of nontreatment (d 11 to 20, 31 to 40, and 51 to 60). Following this 60-d period, there was a 36-d recovery period in which no treatments were administered. No significant changes were found between the groups in BW or body condition score (BCS). Of the testicular parameters analyzed, scrotal width (SW) and gross testicular parameters were unaffected by the altrenogest; however, mean spermatid counts were decreased in the testicular biopsies of the treated animals (P<0.001). Although no treatment differences were found for either serum estradiol or testosterone concentrations, there was a significant time × treatment interaction for estradiol (P<0.002). No significant differences were observed between the groups for any of the sexual and aggressive behavioral parameters analyzed from the standardized teasing tests at any point of the study. Nevertheless, large variations existed between individual stallions. Further research is needed that focuses on dosing and age effects to determine if offlabel uses of altrenogest designed to control behavior are compromising future fertility.     

Dietary supplementation for Santa Inês hair ewes on pasture at pre- and postpartum periods: dry matter intake,digestibility, milk production,and mineral metabolism

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of dietary supplementation and reproductive stages on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês hair ewes. Two dietary supplement levels of 0.5 and 1.5%, based on body weight, were used. A total of 12 hair ewes (six subjected to 0.5 and six subjected to 1.5% of concentrate supplementation based on body weight—BW) of the Santa Inês breed were evaluated in a completely randomized design with fixed effects of supplementation level, period, and its interactions. Dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OC)) were assessed. Dry matter digestibility was affected by the supplementation level (during both pregnancy and lactation), with higher values in ewes fed at a level of 1.5% of BW. A significant interaction between treatment × reproductive stages was found for the Mg concentration. A period effect (P?<?0.05) on serum concentrations of P, Ca/P, Mg, and IGF-I was observed. Serum P concentrations were influenced (P?<?0.05) by treatments and reproductive stages. There were significant differences in the Ca/P ratio among the reproductive stages. The enzymatic activity of ALP and serum IGFI differed among reproductive stages. Ewes supplemented at a level of 1.5% of BW produced 18.5% more milk than ewes supplemented at a level of 0.5% of BW. The use of 0.5% of body weight in concentrate supplementation is recommended for the reduction of production costs, without having an effect on the mineral metabolism of Santa Inês hair ewes.