洱海底泥经红壤改性对水质与水生植物的影响

鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重，出现了较多以铝（Al）、铁（Fe）、钙（Ca）、镧（La）盐等化学材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法，但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制。2014年8月至2015年7月，在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验，采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性，探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组，分别为对照组（Control）、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS)，每组处理4个重复，逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明，采用红壤对底泥进行改性，可以短期提高水体的透明度，为沉水植物生长创造良好条件，促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群，在某些时段可以改善水质（透明度最高达2.2 m），但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P>0.05)。全年水生植物物种保持在7种左右，群落主要由黑藻（Hydrilla verticillat）、篦齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus）、单果眼子菜（P. acutifolius）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）、苦草（Vallisneria natans）和微齿眼子菜（P. maackianus）组成，生物量也在不断增加，最高达18000 g/m2，群落稳定后优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴，为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。     

洱海底泥红壤改性对水质和水生植物的影响

鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重,出现了较多以铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镧(La)盐等化学絮凝材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法,但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制;天然粘土、红土和石英砂等材料由于廉价无污染、环境友好等特性,其用于改善湖泊水体环境和控制底泥磷释放越来越受到重视。2014年8月至2015年7月,在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验,采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性,探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组,分别为对照组(CK)、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS),每组处理4个重复,逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明,采用红壤对底泥进行改性,可以短期提高水体透明度,为沉水植物生长创造良好条件,促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群,在某些时段可以改善水质(透明度最高达2.2 m),但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P0.05)。全年水生植物保持在7种左右,群落主要由黑藻(Hydrilla verticillat)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、单果眼子菜(P.acutifolius)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和微齿眼子菜(P.maackianus)组成,生物量也在不断增加,最高达18 000 g/m~2,群落稳定后的优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴,为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。     

隆线蚤对微囊藻摄食消化的初步观察

<正>随着工农业生产的发展,大量氮、磷排入水体中,导致水体富营养化现象日益严重,水体的富营养化往往导致藻类疯长形成水华,水质恶化,产生异味。同时水中溶氧减少,生物多样性降低,许多藻类还可以产生毒素,这些毒素对动物和人类有潜在的危害。对于蓝藻的治理人们想了很多方法:(1)定向培藻:目前,在自然界中最适宜的生长温度条件下,蓝藻的生长速度是最快的,其次就是小球藻和栅藻。如果在养殖前期,在养殖池塘中能培养出上述两种藻类     

高位虾池养殖后期浮游微藻群落结构特征

2008年7月1～15日,在广东省红海湾对虾养殖区域选取3口养殖84～98 d的高位池,对养殖水体浮游微藻和常规水质因子进行每天1次采样分析.共检出浮游微藻6门25种,其中绿藻10种,硅藻两种,甲藻7种,裸藻4种,蓝藻1种,金藻1种.浮游微藻细胞数量介于5.13×108～4.01×109ind/L,生物量为42.92～181.73 mg/L,数量多样性指数平均为1.01～1.30,生物量多样性指数平均为1.83～2.27.优势种主要是蛋白核小球藻和绿色颤藻,二者的优势度之和高达90%,控制着浮游微藻总数量的变动趋势.从各门藻类生物量对总生物量贡献多少来看,对虾高位池养殖后期是以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为优势类群而组成的浮游微藻群落结构.     

光合细菌强化对精养鱼塘藻类群落结构的影响

通过定期向池塘投加光合细菌,研究了有益微生物强化对精养鱼塘浮游藻类群落结构的影响。结果显示:光合细菌强化塘(试验塘)藻类组成以绿藻、硅藻为主,养殖前期(5—6月初),以针杆藻、直链藻等占优势,中后期(7—9月)则以绿球藻、栅藻、盘星藻、小环藻、菱形藻等为优势种,水色呈淡绿、黄褐色等良好状态;而对照塘藻类组成在前期与试验塘没有明显差异,但在中后期出现明显变化,以微囊藻、颤藻、鱼腥藻、席藻等蓝藻占优势。试验塘藻类生物量显著低于对照塘(P<0.05),且对照塘生物量波动变化大,蓝藻数量所占比例可高达77.6%,远高于试验塘蓝藻比例(均值低于25.0%);此外,藻类Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数试验塘均大于对照塘。结果表明:光合细菌的定期添加有效控制了蓝藻增值,保持了藻类多样性,使精养鱼塘藻相趋于稳定,有利池塘养殖。     

蓝藻水华暴发期间养殖池塘浮游藻类动态变化

2017年7～9月对河南师范大学养殖基地暴发蓝藻水华的养殖池塘进行监测。结果显示,共鉴定浮游藻类25种(属),隶属于5门。7月水华初期和8月水华中期,优势种均为微囊藻(Microcystis sp.),占总浮游藻类的99%以上。浮游藻类丰度和生物量波动范围分别为(0.883～12.666)×10~8 cells/L和9.740～70.020 mg/L,生物多样性为0.05～1.15。总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)含量分别为0.32～0.51和4.18～7.09 mg/L,水温为22.1～30.6℃。TP、TN、水温较高是造成蓝藻水华暴发的主要原因之一,蓝藻水华暴发造成生物多样性整体偏低。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,浮游藻类密度和生物量与TP、TN含量呈正相关,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)与水温、TP、TN呈正相关。同时,微囊藻暴发最大的威胁是微囊藻毒素(Microcystins, MCs)的释放,根据世界卫生组织规定的MCs含量不得超过1.0μg/L,否则就会对水生生物产生危害。实验结束时,对水样和胞内MCs的测定。研究表明,水样中MCs含量为0.040μg/L,胞内MCs含量为0.686μg/L,该养殖池塘微囊藻毒素含量在安全范围内。     

大型溞和金鱼藻对三种微藻增殖的影响

为了解生物操纵和恢复水生植被的抑藻效果,分别以大型溞(Daphnia magna)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)作为浮游动物和大型沉水植物的代表,以小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、小球藻(Chlorella vugaris)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)作为浮游植物的代表,在温度25℃、光照度2 600-3 000 lx和光暗比14 h∶10 h的条件下,研究三种藻共培养和单一加入大型溞、金鱼藻以及同时加入大型溞和金鱼藻时各自生物量的变化。结果表明:三种藻共培养时,最终铜绿微囊藻占总藻细胞数的95.9%,成为优势种;单一加入大型溞或金鱼藻时,三种藻的增长被显著抑制,特别是铜绿微囊藻,最终小球藻占优势,单一加入大型溞的抑制效果更好;同时加入大型溞和金鱼藻时,大型溞的数量增加了55.6倍,金鱼藻的质量增加了42%,三种藻提前进入衰减状态,小环藻、小球藻和铜绿微囊藻达到最大藻细胞密度时的增殖抑制率分别为36.02%、-5.46%、99.91%,大型浮游动物和沉水植物的联合作用能更好地控制浮游藻类的增殖。     

水产养殖池塘裸藻水华的特点、危害和调控

水华是水体藻类大量生长或聚集并达到一定浓度的现象,是水体富营养化和特定条件综合作用的结果。能够形成水华的藻类有蓝藻、甲藻、硅藻、隐藻、绿藻、裸藻等，其中，蓝藻、甲藻水华比较常见，     

杭州西湖浮游植物群落对沉水植物恢复的响应

为评价杭州西湖沉水植物恢复对浮游植物群落的影响,以西湖湖西水域(茅家埠、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾)为代表,通过5年连续采样监测数据,研究了该区域沉水植物恢复前后浮游植物物种组成、生物量、多样性指数及其与水质理化参数的动态变化关系。结果表明,2009-2013年共检出浮游植物156种,隶属8门、78属,其群落结构在3个湖区间不存在显著差异(P0.05),藻类优势种的年际变化呈现由绿藻门(Chlorophyta)的球衣藻(Chlamydomonas globosa)、小球衣藻(Chlamydomonas microsphaera)和蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、不定微囊藻(Microcystis incerta)逐渐向绿藻门的蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、细丝藻(Ulothrix teneriima)、多形丝藻(Ulothrix variabilis)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)的颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、具星小环藻(Cyclotella stelligera)转变。浮游植物群落的Margalef和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数分别在0.632~3.396和0.581~4.438之间变化,指示水体处于中度富营养状态且有转好趋势。调查期间水体总氮和总磷浓度分别在0.92~5.26 mg/L和0.005~0.108 mg/L。水质理化参数分析表明,茅家埠和乌龟潭浮游植物生物量与水体总氮的变化呈显著正相关(P0.05)。研究表明,相比工程实施前,西湖湖西水质有明显好转,沉水植被恢复是富营养化水体治理的有效措施之一。     

安徽升金湖秋季浮游藻类多样性与水质评

2006年10月对升金湖中的浮游藻类进行了调查,分析了浮游藻类分布规律及优势种的组成、浮游藻类多样性分布和浮游植物与环境因子的关系;利用多种多样性评价指数对水体的污染情况进行了评价.结果表明,升金湖有浮游藻类8门、101属、358种.浮游藻类的密度差异明显,介于81.7×104～6 427×104个/L,主要由蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻、裸藻、隐藻、黄藻和金藻等组成,以蓝藻门的鞘丝藻、平裂藻和鱼腥藻,硅藻门的小环藻、针杆藻和直链藻,绿藻门的栅藻和盘星藻为优势种.各种评价指数显示,水体大部分区域的污染程度较为严重,整个湖泊属富营养化范畴.     

Phytoplankton succession in intensive marine shrimp culture ponds treated with a commercial bacterial product

Succession of phytoplankton dominance was studied in shrimp culture ponds treated with commercial bacterial products. Diatoms were dominant and the cyanobacteria were absent in both treated and control ponds at the beginning of the culture period. After 34 days, the diatoms significantly decreased whereas cyanobacteria increased in both ponds. Chlorophyll a increased from a mean of 35.56 mg m^?3 in the first phase to 186.00 mg m^?3 in the final phase, and from 42.12 mg m^?3 to 242.81 mg m^?3 in the treated and control ponds respectively. Cyanobacteria were significantly higher in the control compared with the treated ponds during the final phase of the culture. Algal bioassay showed that the addition of nitrogen either alone or with silica to pond water significantly increased the specific growth rate of Chaetoceros calcitrans. The specific growth rate of Oscillatoria sp. significantly increased when a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon was added to the pond water. Addition of silica seemed to depress the growth rate of Oscillatoria sp. Nutrient enrichment should be minimized and the supply of nitrogen and silica should be adequate for promoting the growth of beneficial phytoplankton in aquaculture systems.     

循环水池塘与非循环水池塘中浮游生物的群落结构及其动态研究

研究了循环水对池塘中氮、磷含量、浮游生物种群结构及其相互关系的影响。结果显示:从循环塘中共鉴定出浮游植物93种,隶属6门47属;非循环塘中共鉴定出浮游植物100种,隶属6门48属,循环塘与非循环塘均以绿藻门种类最多,分别占各塘种类总数的40.86%、42%。两塘中浮游植物的密度和生物量分别为:循环塘为247.68～1133.31(×104ind/L)和3.07～10.83 mg/L;非循环塘为511.68～1773.3(×104ind/L)和4.48～17.34 mg/L。循环塘浮游植物的密度和生物量比非循环塘要低,且差异性显著(P<0.05)。循环水鱼塘中共检出浮游动物33属42种,非循环水池塘68属88种,在试验期间两塘中浮游动物的优势种主要是由原生动物和轮虫组成,其种数变化顺序为原生动物>轮虫>枝角类和桡足类。循环塘中原生动物和轮虫分别占浮游动物总种类数的52.38%、33.34%;而非循环塘中原生动物和轮虫分别占浮游动物总种类数的42.05%、48.86%。其中循环塘72～708.11 ind/L和0.41～1.69 mg/L;非循环塘152.9～208.20 ind/L和0.26～0.46 mg/L。循环塘浮游动物的密度和生物量显著高于非循环塘(P<0.05)。循环塘与非循环塘中浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为介于1.39～1.62和1.16～1.48之间,两塘中浮游动物的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为介于0.50～1.95和1.08～1.45之间。结果表明:循环水对养鱼池塘水体中浮游生物的出现率、丰度和生物量影响较大。     

Ecology of Blue-Green Algae in Aquaculture Ponds

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, and Oscillatoria often form extensive and persistent blooms in freshwater aquaculture ponds. Bloom-forming cyanobacteria are undesirable in aquaculture ponds because: 1) they are a relatively poor base for aquatic food chains; 2) they are poor oxygenators of the water and have undesirable growth habits; 3) some species produce odorous metabolites that impart undesirable flavors to the cultured animal; and 4) some species may produce compounds that are toxic to aquatic animals. Development of cyanobacterial blooms is favored under conditions of high nutrient loading rates (particularly if the availability of nitrogen is limited relative to phosphorus), low rates of vertical mixing, and warm water temperatures. Under those conditions, dominance of phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria is the result of certain unique physiological attributes (in particular, N₂ fixation and buoyancy regulation) that allow cyanobacteria to compete effectively with other phytoplankton. The ability to fix N₂ provides a competitive advantage under severe nitrogen limitation because it allows certain cyanobacterial species to make use of a source of nitrogen unavailable to other phytoplankton. The ability to regulate cell buoyancy through environmentally-controlled collapse ad reformation of intracellular gas vacuoles is perhaps the primary reason for the frequent dominance of aquaculture pond phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria that can regulate their position in the water column gain a distinct advantage over other phototrophs in poorly mixed bodies of water. In addition to the physicochemical interactions that influence phytoplankton community dynamics, cyanobacterial-microbial associations may play an important regulatory role in determining community structure. Cyanobacteria are always found in close association with a diverse array of microorganisms, including eubacteria, fungi, and protozoans. These associations, which in the past have often been viewed as antagonistic, are increasingly seen as mutualistic and may function in a positive manner during bloom development.     

春季不同营养类型池塘浮游植物群落结构特征的研究

为了积累池塘浮游植物群落结构的数据,以利于有效调控池塘藻相,2013年春季研究了3口不同富营养池塘的浮游植物和氮、磷营养盐：室外池I、室外池II以及大棚池。结果表明,根据氮、磷营养盐水平,室外池I和大棚池均属超富营养水体,而室外池II属于富营养水体。室外池I的浮游植物种类最多,优势种类是绿藻门和硅藻门,蓝藻门种类和数量均很少,比较适合养殖。而室外池II只有蓝藻门,且种类非常少,仅2种,以蓝藻门隐球藻属（Aphanocapsa）占绝对优势,已经明显形成了隐球藻属水华。大棚池藻类种类比室外池II多,但是也以蓝藻门的隐球藻属为优势。室外池II和大棚池的浮游植物多样性评价等级均为I级,多样性差,而室外池I为II级,多样性一般。本研究表明,春季不同富营养程度的池塘出现不同的浮游植物群落结构,富营养池塘在低温的春季可以形成蓝藻门优势;建立氮磷营养水平与池塘藻相之间的可靠关系需要更多的数据资料支撑。     

菱角对农村富营养化水体营养盐吸收的初步研究

为探究浮叶植物对农村富营养化废水中营养盐的去除效果,选定华龙村4个典型水塘,以人工种植菱角(Trapa bispinosa)为试验对象,研究菱角对富营养化水体中总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、氨态氮(NH_4~+-N)、总磷(TP)及化学需氧量(CODCr)的净化能力。结果表明,经过75 d的试验研究,试验区水塘的TN、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N的浓度分别从55 mg/L、25 mg/L和3 mg/L降至13 mg/L、4.3 mg/L和2.1 mg/L,去除效率分别为62.3%、74.5%和23.5%;TP及CODCr的浓度从3.3 mg/L和120 mg/L分别降至1.45 mg/L和52.5 mg/L,去除效率为56.9%和56.3%;对照区水塘各营养元素去除率较低。菱角对农村废水中的N、P有一定的吸收作用,对重度富营养化水体,水生植物优先吸收NH_4~+-N,对TN的去除影响较大;NO_3~--N的去除主要依靠微生物的反硝化作用;TP的吸收需要更长的时间。菱角对重度富营养化农村废水营养盐的去除具有重要意义,且可以取得一定的经济效益。本研究为应用水生植物处理农村生活污水中的营养盐提供科学依据。     

Evidence for Control of Water Quality in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Ponds by Phytoplankton Biomass and Sediment Oxygenation

A data set describing annual variation of water quality in ten commercial channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds was subjected to exploratory statistical analysis to infer ecological processes affecting pond water quality. Two factors explained 67% of the variation in concentrations of water quality variables. The first factor (Factor 1) explained 49% of the variance and was associated with a large negative loading by total ammonia-nitrogen and large positive loadings by total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll a . Factor 1 was interpreted with respect to factor loadings to represent the effect of phytoplankton biomass. The second factor (Factor 2) explained an additional 18% of the variance and was associated with a large negative loading by soluble reactive phosphorus and large positive loadings by nitrite-nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, nitrate-nitrogen. Factor 2 was interpreted to be related to variation in pond sediment oxygenation. Although factor analysis indicated the overwhelming effect of phytoplankton biomass on water quality, opportunities for management of phytoplankton communities in large commercial aqua-culture ponds are limited. However, maintenance of an oxidized sediment-water interface may improve water quality by limiting the diffusion of reductant-soluble phosphorus from sediment to water and increasing sediment nitrification rates.     

白洋淀不同沉水植物盖度下浮游植物群落结构及变化

为研究不同沉水植物盖度下浮游植物群落结构及变化规律,为水域生态修复提供科学依据,在白洋淀选取了4个盖度水平区域,分别为25%、50%、75%和90%(C-25、C-50、C-75、C-90),对照区域(C-0)结合水体理化参数和浮游植物群落结构特征,评价出沉水植物的最佳盖度。结果表明,沉水植物组均可有效降低水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性固体总量(TDS)和电导率(SPC),而C-50组的TN和TP浓度最低。对浮游植物群落结构分析发现1)沉水植物组浮游植物种类数高于对照组,各组绿藻门比例最高且均在50%以上;2)C-50组蓝藻门优势种最少且比例显著低于其他组(P<0.05);3)浮游植物密度和生物量随沉水植物盖度的增加而降低,且占比最大的分别是蓝藻门和绿藻门;4)Margalef指数随盖度增加表现出先上升后降低的趋势;而Shannon-Weiner指数和Pielou指数随盖度的增加而增大;5)RDA表明,C-90、C-75和C-0组的浮游植物群落主要受TDS、SPC、pH、叶绿素a、高锰酸钾指数和透明度等环境因子的影响;C-50和C-25组浮游植物群落受环境因子的影响较小,说明水生态系统较稳定且受环境的影响小。鉴于盖度为50%时,TDS、SPC、TN和TP浓度最低;蓝藻门比例和优势种较低,Margalef指数最高,在水生态保护或修复时,建议沉水植物盖度以50%为宜。     

Influence of sediment phosphorus on utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer: a mesocosm study

Influence of initial sediment phosphorus content of the pond sediment on P dose efficiency was examined in a laboratory experiment using four types of sediments collected from ponds located along a nutrient gradient in a sewage‐fed fish farm. Each sediment type (500 g) was dispensed in a glass jar with water and treated with single super phosphate (SSP) treatment at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L^?1 in triplicate. Determination of orthophosphate (OP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in water and available and total P in sediment showed increased response in relation to dose and time. At a given dose, the rate of increase for all species of phosphate in sediment or water was maximum in the case of local pond (LP) soil followed by stocking pond (SP), facultative pond (FP) and anaerobic pond (AP) soil, suggesting that utililization of phosphate fertilizer was much better under oligotrophic conditions than under eutrophic states. The SSP‐induced OP peak at 10 mg L^?1 in LP sediment was similar to that of 5.0 mg L^?1 in AP sediment containing 59% enhanced initial phosphate, implying that fertilizer application can be profitably reduced by 18% in the former without limiting the OP level in the water phase. It is concluded that dosage selection of phosphorus fertilizer in aquaculture ponds should be based on an evaluation of the initial P status of the system.     

室内集约化养虾池以低频率运转水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支

采用低频率运转循环水处理系统(含粗滤器、臭氧仪、气液混合器,蛋白分离器、暗沉淀池等)联用池内设施(微泡曝气增氧机与净水网)开展凡纳滨对虾室内集约化养殖实验。研究了养虾池以水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支。结果表明,养虾水经系统处理后,NO₂-N(53.4%～64.5%)、COD_Mn(53.4%～94.4%)与TAN(31.6%～40.4%)被显著去除,有效改进虾池水质;养殖周期内未换水与用药,虾池主要水化指标均控制在对虾生长安全范围,7号实验池(100 d)与8号对照池(80 d)主要水化指标变化范围:DO分别为 5.07～6.70 mg/L和4.38～6.94 mg/L,TAN 0.248～0.561 mg/L和0.301～0.794 mg/L,NO₂-N 0.019～0.311 mg/L和0.012～0.210 mg/L,COD_Mn 10.88～21.22 mg/L和11.65～23.34 mg/L。7号池对虾生长指数优于8号池(80 d虾病暴发终止),单位水体产量分别为1.398 kg/m²与0.803 kg/m²。氮磷收支估算结果:7号与8号池饲料氮磷分别占总收入:氮93.70%与92.37%,磷98.77%与99.09%;初始水层与虾苗含氮共占总收入6.30%与7.63%,磷共占1.23%与0.91%。总水层(含排污水)氮磷分别占总输出:氮56.45%与59.86%,磷53.26%与55.79%;收获虾体氮磷分别占总输出:氮37.07%与31.94%,磷21.37%与13.11%。7号池饲料转化率较高;池水渗漏与吸附等共损失氮磷分别占总输出:氮7.00%与9.34%,磷25.37%与31.10%。实验结果表明,虾池以低频率运转循环水处理系统联用池内设施可有效控制水质与虾病,具较高饲料转化率。     

Water and nutrient budgets of ponds in integrated agriculture–aquaculture systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

A participatory on-farm study analysed water and nutrient budgets of six low and four high water-exchange ponds of integrated agriculture–aquaculture (IAA) farms in the Mekong delta. Water, nitrogen (N), organic carbon (OC) and phosphorus (P) flows through the ponds were monitored, and data on fish production and nutrient accumulation in sediments were collected during a fish culture cycle. Results showed that, on average, only 5–6% of total N, OC or P inputs introduced into ponds were recovered in the harvested fish. About 29% N, 81% OC and 51% P accumulated in the sediments. The remaining fractions were lost through pond water discharges into adjacent canals. Fish yields and nutrient accumulation rates in the sediments increased with increasing food inputs applied to the pond at the cost of increased nutrient discharges. High water-exchange ponds received two to three times more on-farm nutrients (N, OC and P) while requiring nine times more water and discharging 10–14 times more nutrients than the low water-exchange ponds. Water and nutrient flows between the pond and the other IAA-farm components need to be considered when optimizing productivity and profitability from IAA systems.