春季不同营养类型池塘浮游植物群落结构特征的研究

为了积累池塘浮游植物群落结构的数据，以利于有效调控池塘藻相，2013年春季研究了3口不同富营养池塘的浮游植物和氮、磷营养盐：室外池I、室外池II以及大棚池。结果表明，根据氮、磷营养盐水平，室外池I和大棚池均属超富营养水体，而室外池II属于富营养水体。室外池I的浮游植物种类最多，优势种类是绿藻门和硅藻门，蓝藻门种类和数量均很少，比较适合养殖。而室外池II只有蓝藻门，且种类非常少，仅2种，以蓝藻门隐球藻属（Aphanocapsa）占绝对优势，已经明显形成了隐球藻属水华。大棚池藻类种类比室外池II多，但是也以蓝藻门的隐球藻属为优势。室外池II和大棚池的浮游植物多样性评价等级均为I级，多样性差，而室外池I为II级，多样性一般。本研究表明，春季不同富营养程度的池塘出现不同的浮游植物群落结构，富营养池塘在低温的春季可以形成蓝藻门优势；建立氮磷营养水平与池塘藻相之间的可靠关系需要更多的数据资料支撑。

The Phytoplankton Composition in Different Eutrophic Ponds during Spring

The phytoplankton composition, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in different eutrophic ponds （Outdoor Pond I and II, Indoor Pond） were studied in spring of 2013 to accumulate data for ponds’ phytoplankton composition and to improve its regulation ability. The results showed that Outdoor Pond I and Indoor Pond were both in extremely eutrophic state and that Outdoor Pond II was eutrophic. The algal species number in Outdoor Pond was the largest, with Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta dominance and a few Cyanobacteria, which was fit for aquaculture. Cyanobacteria were found in Outdoor Pond II alone, only 2 species, which was dominated with Aphanocapsa. It can be considered that Aphanocapsa bloom formed in Outdoor Pond II. There was more algal species in Indoor Pond than in Outdoor Pond II, with dominance of Aphanocapsa of Cyanobacteria. The order of evaluation of phytoplankton diversity was in Class I in Outdoor Pond II and Indoor Pond, with poor diversity; and in Class II in Outdoor Pond I, with ordinary diversity, indicating that different phytoplankton structure can appear in different eutrophic ponds in spring, and Cyanobacteria dominance can be formed in spring with low temperature. More data are in need for setting up a reliable relationship between phytoplankton composition and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients contents.