池塘循环流水养殖模式中浮游植物群落结构的空间变化研究

基于集约化生产的池塘循环流水养殖系统(In-pond raceway system, IPRS)是一种新兴的养殖模式,为进一步了解该系统水体循环过程中的生态结构动态,揭示系统内净水区水质的变化特点,文章研究了养殖草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)的池塘循环流水系统中生长季浮游植物群落结构的空间变化特征,并通过冗余分析研究了浮游植物群落结构变化与环境因子的关系。该系统在生长季共鉴定出浮游植物7门99种,主要由蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门、隐藻门、甲藻门和金藻门组成。其中绿藻门种类数最多(54种),其次为蓝藻门(18种)。系统中不同区域的浮游植物群落结构不同,净化区中段浮游植物的密度及生物量最高,净化区蓝藻门的密度及生物量较养殖区有所增加。池塘不同区域的蓝藻门相对密度均远高于绿藻门及硅藻门。从净化区前端至后端,蓝藻门的相对密度逐渐增加,绿藻及硅藻的相对密度逐渐下降。冗余分析结果显示,影响循环系统中浮游植物群落结构变化的主要环境因子是温度和氮、磷营养盐。     

城市人工湖泊浮游植物群落结构特征及其主要环境因子分析——以长沙梅溪湖为例

长沙梅溪湖为新兴城市人工湖泊,是国家级新区湘江新区的城市“海绵体”,其水环境与水生态状况是该区域高质量发展关注的重点,对维护湘江新区生态环境具有重要意义。为揭示梅溪湖水生态现状,分季度采集梅溪湖水样,分析浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果显示梅溪湖浮游植物共有7门96种,其中以绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻种类数居多,占总种类数的86.46%,主要优势种为细小隐球藻（Aphanocapsa elacjista）、小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）、链状曲壳藻（Achnanthes catenata）和尖尾蓝隐藻（Chroomonas acuta）,优势种具有明显季节交替性。浮游植物年均密度为（23.97±9.95）×10^6 cells/L,各季度东部水域密度均高于西部水域;多样性指数评价结果表明梅溪湖水体处于中度污染和中-富营养状态,与水质评价结果基本一致。浮游植物与环境因子基于转化的冗余分析结果显示,水温、氧化还原电位、总氮和亚硝酸盐氮是影响梅溪湖浮游植物群落的主要驱动因子,控制总氮等营养盐的输入将是改善梅溪湖水质和营养状态的有效手段。     

广东韩江潮州段浮游植物群落结构特征与水质评价

为探究广东韩江潮州市饮用水源保护江段浮游植物群落结构特征及水质富营养化状况，于2019年2月至2020年1月在潮州段设立4个采样点，进行浮游植物群落结构和水质定点监测。结果表明，韩江潮州共鉴定出浮游植物290种，隶属8门103属，其中绿藻门42属99种，硅藻门21属87种，蓝藻门24属70种。全年有9个月的种类组成以硅藻门为绝对优势种，绿藻门仅在6、9、10月种类数多于硅藻门，表明该江段浮游植物组成为硅藻-绿藻型。浮游植物丰度月变化在0.83×106～1.99×106个/L，月均丰度为0.90×106 个/L，全年以硅藻门丰度最高，占47.01%。优势种11种，硅藻门5种，隐藻门4种，蓝藻门和裸藻门各1种，其中颗粒沟链藻(Melosira granulata)是绝对优势种。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）为3.14～5.08，平均值4.40；Pielou均匀度指数（J）为0.69～0.99，平均值0.87；Margalef丰富度指数（D）为2.60～6.85，平均值5.08，表明水质为轻度污染。Cluster聚类和NMDS排序分析显示，物种构成可分为2个类群，类群I包括2019年2–7月，类群II包括2019年8–12月和2020年1月。Pearson相关性和冗余分析表明，影响浮游植物优势种的水环境因子主要是透明度和亚硝态氮，影响颗粒沟链藻分布的是盐度和水温，影响隐藻门分布的主要是透明度、pH和水温。参照地表水环境质量标准，韩江潮州段为Ⅱ类水，多样性指数显示为轻度污染，浮游植物群落结构和优势物种显示水体为偏中营养型。     

复合养殖系统中浮游植物群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系

以主养团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)搭配少量鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthy nobilis)的人工湿地-池塘复合养殖系统为研究对象,2014年8－11月在人工湿地运行期间调查了该复合养殖系统池塘中浮游植物的生态特征,并通过冗余分析(RDA)方法探究了浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的关系。结果表明,复合养殖池塘中共鉴定出硅藻(Bacillariophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta)、蓝藻(Cyanophyta)、隐藻(Cryptophyta)、裸藻(Euglenophyta)、金藻(Chrysophyta)、黄藻(Xanthophyta)、甲藻(Pyrrophyta)共8门、91种(包括变种和变型),其中绿藻种类最多,共53种,占浮游植物总种类数的58.24%;而蓝藻密度占绝对优势,占浮游植物总密度的79.82%。人工湿地运行期间养殖池塘中浮游植物的种类、密度、生物量无显著变化,其密度变化范围为1.09×109~1.83×109 个/L,均值为1.52×109 个/L;生物量变化范围为8.76~11.03 mg/L,均值为9.80 mg/L;浮游植物主要优势种共计10种,包括绿藻门的双对栅藻(Scenedesmus bijuga)、四足十字藻(Crucigenia tetrapedia)、苇氏藻(Westella botryoides),蓝藻门的微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、点形粘球藻(Gloeocapsa punctata)、泥污颤藻(Oscillatoria limosa)、优美平裂藻(Merismopedia elegans)、微小色球藻(Chroococcus minutus)、为首螺旋藻(Spirulina princeps)、不定微囊藻(Microcystis incerta);池塘的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.77~3.27,Margalef多样性指数为2.75~3.18,Pielou均匀性指数为0.45~0.55,说明养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构较为稳定。浮游植物种类丰度与水环境因子的冗余度分析（RDA）结果表明,池塘中浮游植物种类丰度受到多个环境因子的影响,其中小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和四足十字藻等绿藻主要受温度、溶氧、pH的影响,而微小平裂藻和点形粘球藻等蓝藻主要受pH和氨氮的影响。     

基于形态学和高通量测序的海水池塘生态养殖系统中浮游植物多样性比较

利用形态学鉴定方法结合高通量测序技术,对2018年12月海水池塘生态养殖系统中浮游植物群落组成及多样性进行研究,结果显示,2种方法共鉴定浮游植物8个门,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和隐藻门(Cryptophyta)为主要优势类群.共鉴定浮游植物39个属,仅有5个属,包括裸藻属(Eutreptiella)、颤藻属(O...     

亚热带河流型水库浮游植物群落研究——以分水江水库为例

为了解亚热带河流型水库-分水江水库蓄水后的水体富营养化状况与浮游植物群落结构特征,于2006年1月至2007年12月,对其进行了20次采样调查。结果表明,分水江水库总氮浓度较高,平均值大于2mg／L,氮污染严重,磷污染较轻,水质总体评价较差,为劣V水体。分水江水库浮游植物群落组成以硅藻、隐藻和绿藻为主,密度为0．7×10^4-168310×10。个／L,以富营养种类为主。浮游植物组成随季节变化而有所不同,春季以直链藻（Melosira）、实球藻（Pandorina）、盘星藻（Pediastrum）为优势类群;夏季以微囊藻（Microcystis）、鱼腥藻（Ana-baena）、脆杆藻（Fragilaria）为优势类群;秋冬季以小环藻（Cyclotella）、针杆藻（Synedra）、蓝隐藻（Chroomonas）为主。分水江水库浮游植物密度、叶绿素a与降雨量均呈显著正相关,浮游植物的生长受水文气象条件变化的影响较大,间接说明分水江水库受面源污染比较严重。浮游植物密度和叶绿素a与水体理化因子也有较强的相关性,特别是水温、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数和总磷均与浮游植物呈显著正相关。     

宝应湖浮游植物调查及营养状况评价

2008年7月至2009年5月对宝应湖浮游植物进行调查。结果显示,宝应湖共有浮游植物62种,隶属8门22科36属,其中绿藻门有14属25种,硅藻门有8属14种,蓝藻门有8属12种。优势种季节性变化明显,全年优势种为小球藻、啮齿隐藻、湖生束球藻等。全年种类结构以绿藻、蓝藻等为主,生物量以蓝藻、绿藻和隐藻为主。不同采样点浮游植物数量在2.94×106～8.08×106ind/L,Shannon-Weaver指数2.040～3.284。宝应湖处于中营养状态向富营养状态过度的类型。     

宝应湖浮游植物调查及营养状况评价

2008年7月至2009年5月对宝应湖浮游植物进行调查.结果显示,宝应湖共有浮游植物62种,隶属8门22科36属,其中绿藻门有14属25种,硅藻门有8属14种,蓝藻门有8属12种.优势种季节性变化明显,全年优势种为小球藻、啮齿隐藻、湖生束球藻等.全年种类结构以绿藻、蓝藻等为主,生物量以蓝藻、绿藻和隐藻为主.不同采样点浮游植物数量在2.94×106～8.08×106 ind/L,Shannon-Weaver指数2.040～3.284.宝应湖处于中营养状态向富营养状态过度的类型.     

宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究

于2008年4月-2009年1月对宁夏沙湖浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种以及物种多样性进行了分析研究,并依据浮游植物种类组成和密度,对浮游植物群落结构进行了聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA)和多维分析(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)。结果表明,沙湖浮游植物共有8门94属117种,种类构成比例为绿藻49.6%、硅藻21.6%、蓝藻16.0%和其它12.8%。春季优势种的种类较多,蓝、硅、绿藻均有,夏、秋季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季以绿藻为主。浮游植物种类、密度、生物量和分布依季节而异,高峰期出现在7月,低谷期出现于1月。Margalef指数2.872~4.652,Shannon指数2.058~3.057,均匀度指数0.521~0.759,综合评价沙湖水体为中富营养水平。浮游植物群落结构春、夏、冬季聚为3类,秋季聚为2类,除春季外,MDS分析结果和聚类分析结果一致,支持和证实了聚类分析的结果,很好地揭示了沙湖各季节、各样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性与差异性。b     

连环湖铁哈拉泡浮游植物群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系

2021年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2022年1月(冬季),采用规范方法调查监测和分析受面源污染的浅水铁哈拉泡(46°30’～46°50’N,123°59’～124°15’E)浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系,并对湖泡水生态保护和治理提出了建议。连环湖铁哈拉泡共鉴定出浮游植物7门66属115种及变种,绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门种类优势占比较大,占总种类数的85.22%。浮游植物的总平均丰度为464.4×10⁴ind./L,总平均生物量为1.533 3 mg/L,绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门丰度和生物量均高于其他门类,其中蓝藻门平均丰度(217.8×10⁴ind./L)和平均生物量(0.489 4 mg/L)均最高。铁哈拉泡浮游植物群落结构季节变化显著,春季蓝藻门、硅藻门和绿藻门为优势门类;夏季和秋季分别为蓝藻门的微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)和硅藻门中的小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)凸显出较大优势;冬季则演变为隐藻门、裸藻门、甲藻门和硅藻门共同占优势的群落结构。TSIM评价结果表明,湖泡营养状态为轻微的富营...     

Ecology of Blue-Green Algae in Aquaculture Ponds

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, and Oscillatoria often form extensive and persistent blooms in freshwater aquaculture ponds. Bloom-forming cyanobacteria are undesirable in aquaculture ponds because: 1) they are a relatively poor base for aquatic food chains; 2) they are poor oxygenators of the water and have undesirable growth habits; 3) some species produce odorous metabolites that impart undesirable flavors to the cultured animal; and 4) some species may produce compounds that are toxic to aquatic animals. Development of cyanobacterial blooms is favored under conditions of high nutrient loading rates (particularly if the availability of nitrogen is limited relative to phosphorus), low rates of vertical mixing, and warm water temperatures. Under those conditions, dominance of phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria is the result of certain unique physiological attributes (in particular, N₂ fixation and buoyancy regulation) that allow cyanobacteria to compete effectively with other phytoplankton. The ability to fix N₂ provides a competitive advantage under severe nitrogen limitation because it allows certain cyanobacterial species to make use of a source of nitrogen unavailable to other phytoplankton. The ability to regulate cell buoyancy through environmentally-controlled collapse ad reformation of intracellular gas vacuoles is perhaps the primary reason for the frequent dominance of aquaculture pond phytoplankton communities by cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria that can regulate their position in the water column gain a distinct advantage over other phototrophs in poorly mixed bodies of water. In addition to the physicochemical interactions that influence phytoplankton community dynamics, cyanobacterial-microbial associations may play an important regulatory role in determining community structure. Cyanobacteria are always found in close association with a diverse array of microorganisms, including eubacteria, fungi, and protozoans. These associations, which in the past have often been viewed as antagonistic, are increasingly seen as mutualistic and may function in a positive manner during bloom development.     

The effects of phosphorus and nitrogen on phytoplankton dominance in tropical fish ponds

Nine ponds were used to determine the effects of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) loading on the phytoplankton dominance in tropical fish ponds. Three ponds received triple superphosphate (TSP), three received triple superphosphate plus urea (TSP-Urea) and the rest served as the control. Addition of both phosphorus and nitrogen (TSP-Urea treatment) resulted in higher total phytoplankton than the TSP treatment and the control (P < 0.05). In general, blue-green algae formed the dominant group in TSP-Urea treatment ponds, followed by dinoflagellates, green algae, euglenoids and diatoms. In TSP-Urea treatment ponds, green algae was the most abundant group followed by blue-green, dinoflagellates, euglenoids and diatoms. Addition of combined nitrogen and phosphorus to the ponds not only significantly increased (P < 0.05) total phytoplankton densities, but also caused a shift from blue-green algal dominance to green algae. TSP treatment ponds showed significantly higher blue-green algae than TSP-Urea treatment in the early culture cycle. However, as the ponds became more productive with time, blue-green algae also appeared to be common in TSP-Urea treatment in spite of high N : P ratios. The blue-green algae increased linearly with the increase of total phytoplankton in all treatments (r²= 0.58, P < 0.01).     

大纵湖浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

里下河腹地位于江淮两大水系交融地带,人类活动严重影响区域水生态环境。鉴于浮游植物群落结构及多样性可作为水环境变化重要指示生物,于2015-2017年对里下河腹地典型湖泊大纵湖浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行逐月采样调查,分别采用藻类生物学指标和综合营养指数对大纵湖营养状态进行综合评价,并且基于相关性分析法,探讨浮游植物与水环境因子的响应关系。结果显示,大纵湖在调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门、123种,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻为主,分别为50、35、18种,占总种数的40.65%、28.46%、14.63%。全湖各采样点浮游植物的平均丰度为3.70×106 ~6.25×106 个/L;空间上略有差异,夏季藻类丰度较高,冬季最低。大纵湖各个采样点浮游植物优势种基本相同,共8种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度年均值分别为2.74和0.78,表明大纵湖处于轻-中度污染状态。综合营养指数显示,大纵湖处于轻度富营养状态,两者结果基本一致。相关性分析表明,水温（T）、透明度（SD）、浊度（TUB）和总氮（TN）是影响大纵湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。     

Food inputs, water quality and nutrient accumulation in integrated pond systems: A multivariate approach

A participatory on-farm study was conducted to explore the effects of food input patterns on water quality and sediment nutrient accumulation in ponds, and to identify different types of integrated pond systems. Ten integrated agriculture-aquaculture (IAA) farms, in which ponds associate with fruit orchards, livestock and rice fields were monitored in the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Pond mass balances for nitrogen (N), organic carbon (OC) and phosphorus (P) were determined, and pond water quality and sediment nutrient accumulation were monitored. Data were analyzed using multivariate canonical correlation analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The main variability in pond water quality and sediment nutrients was related with food inputs and water exchange rates. Water exchange rate, agro-ecological factors, pond physical properties and human waste input were major variables used to classify ponds. Classification was into: (1) low water exchange rate ponds in the fruit-dominated area, (2) low water exchange rate ponds in the rice-dominated area receiving homemade feed, and (3) high water exchange rate ponds in the rice-dominated areas receiving wastes. Pond water exchange rate was human-controlled and a function of food input patterns, which were determined by livelihood strategies of IAA-households. In the rice-dominated area with deep ponds, higher livestock and human wastes were found together with high water exchange rates. In these ponds, large organic matter loads reduced dissolved oxygen and increased total phosphorus concentrations in the water and increased nutrient (N, OC and P) accumulation in the sediments. In the rice-dominated area with wide ponds, higher homemade feed amounts were added to the ponds with low water exchange rate. This resulted in high phytoplankton biomass and high primary productivity. The contrary occurred in the fruit-dominated area, where fish were grown in shallow and narrow ponds, receiving more plant residue which resulted in lower phytoplankton biomass and lower sediment nutrient accumulation.     

Phytoplankton Community Structure, Biomass, and Off-flavor: Pond Size Relationships in Louisiana Catfish Ponds

Abstract.— Many aquaculture studies are conducted in relatively small research ponds and the results are then extrapolated to larger commercial ponds. Implicit in this research is the assumption that there is no relationship between pond size and phytoplankton composition. Study objectives were to assess phytoplankton composition and biomass by several methods in 17 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds at the Aqua‐culture Research Station, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Pond size ranged from 0.04–0.60 ha. Sampling occurred weekly from 10 September – 1 October 1997. Water temperatures coincided with a transition from summer to fall‐winter conditions. Biomass was assessed by cell counts and quantification of photopigments. Concentrations of dissolved off‐flavor compounds (2‐methylisoborneol and geosmin) were assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy of water column samples. Cell count data showed differences in dominant species, biovolume, and diagnostic pigment signatures among ponds. The smaller ponds had more diverse phytoplankton composition compared to the larger ponds, whereas chlorophyll levels were nearly an order of magnitude lower in the smaller ponds. Ultraplanktonic (2–20 μm) unicellular cyanobacteria dominated the numerical counts on most sampling dates; however, biovolume transformations of cell count data reduced the dominance of this component relative to cryptophytes, diatoms, and filamentous cyanobacteria. Pigment and microscopic analyses were well correlated. Unialgal isolates of dominant taxa from these samples indicated the presence of at least five genera of off‐flavor producers in these ponds; these taxa included Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Pseudanabaena, as well as two species of Oscillatoria. Care in extrapolating results from smaller‐sized research ponds to larger commercial ponds is warranted, as is the potential for taxa other than Oscillatoria and Anabaena in forming off‐flavor compounds.     

Nutrient dynamics and plankton cycles in artificial ponds used in the production of oyster Ostrea edulis L. spat

The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis L., has been successfully cultured in Cork Harbour on the south coast of Ireland, using non-tidal, man-made ponds for over 20 years. Broodstock placed in ponds spawn and the released larvae grow and settle on mussel shell cultch. This study investigates the nutrient dynamics and plankton cycles that occur from the time the ponds are filled. The incoming water to the ponds, when filled in May-June, is usually nutrient rich, with high numbers of diatoms. The nutrients become depleted quickly and the phytoplankton becomes dominated by smaller algal species, particularly flagellates and by dinoflagellates. Following mussel shell addition, orthophosphate levels increase and this pulse in nutrients is generally followed by an increase in microplankton, particularly Chlorella species. This increase often reaches bloom proportions and, if so, ponds are flushed. This addition of water increases the nutrient level and changes the phytoplankton composition, usually by introducing new dinoflagellate and diatom species.     

富藻养殖水体中金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜的抑藻效果研究

夏季高温时，养殖水体水华现象频繁发生，给养殖业带来巨大的损失。常见水生植物释放的活性物质在低浓度下可以起到抑藻作用，对藻类调控具有重要意义。本研究采用实验室静态模拟方法，取养殖池塘暴发蓝藻水华的水体，与沉水植物金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)及篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)进行共培养，研究这2种沉水植物对养殖水华水体营养水平、藻类生长、藻类结构及浮游藻类生物多样性的影响。结果显示，金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜可显著降低水华水体氮、磷等营养水平(P<0.05)；金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜可有效抑制水华蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)生长，尤其对颤藻和微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)效果显著(P<0.05)，且篦齿眼子菜对水华蓝藻抑制效果更为显著。实验结束时，篦齿眼子菜培养组藻密度下降93.6%，生物量下降98.9%，叶绿素a含量下降60.5%；金鱼藻培养组藻密度下降72.5%，生物量下降86.8%，叶绿素a含量下降54.3%；金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜的存在可促进养殖水体浮游藻类生物多样性增加，且金鱼藻提高浮游藻类生物多样性效果更显著。金鱼藻培养组浮游藻类生物多样性升高98.4%，篦齿眼子菜培养组浮游藻类生物多样性升高50.3%。本研究结果可为未来生态养殖提供理论依据和参考。     

黑龙江中游浮游植物多样性动态变化及水质评价

运用灰关联分析、单因子评价与生物多样性指数相结合的方法,于2010年5月、7月、9月通过对黑龙江浮游植物的多样性及其季节变动的研究,评价黑龙江中游(黑河?抚远江段)水质现状。结果表明:黑龙江中游浮游植物共计8门115种属,种类组成以硅藻为主。浮游植物的多样性丰富(H’、J三季均值分别在3.66～3.86、0.83～0.88之间);多样性指数的最大值和最小值分别出现在绥滨、黑河、三江口江段;黑龙江中游浮游植物的多样性表现出明显的季节变化规律,夏季较春、秋季丰富。应用灰关联分析评价黑龙江中游水质类别,呈现黑河、逊克、嘉荫、萝北、绥滨、三江口、抚远采样点水质与《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中的Ⅰ类水质的关联度最大,分别为0.788、0.903、0.851、0.856、0.864、0.791和0.879。结合生物多样性指数及灰关联分析、单因子评价法综合分析,黑龙江中游(黑河-抚远江段)水质现状良好,属于寡污-清洁型河流,水质类别为Ⅰ-Ⅱ类,能够满足珍稀水生生物栖息地、鱼虾类产卵场、仔稚幼鱼索饵场的水质要求。同时,黑龙江中游江段浮游植物多样性丰富,水质现状良好,也为恢复渔业资源,保护水生生物提供了条件。本研究旨在为黑龙江中游生态环境评价以及合理制定资源恢复策略提供科学依据。     

Effect of organic fertilizer and formulated feed in pond culture of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man): pond productivity

Abstract. The application of different combinations and levels of pellet formulated feed and chicken manure to ponds stocked with Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) did not result in any significant differences in water quality, sediment chemistry, or benthic macroinvertebrate populations. Water chemistry data indicated that all ponds were eutrophic. Chlorophyll was strongly correlated with total nitrogen, but not with total phosphorus, suggesting that nitrogen limited algal biomass. There was evidence that added organic matter was rapidly decomposed and mineralized. The sediments appeared to act alternately as sources and sinks of nutrients, although there was least variation in sediment nutrient levels in the treatment which received manure only. Applied pelleted feed was directly consumed by the prawns. In the absence of pelleted feeds, macrobenthos appeared to limit prawn growth after 1 month of culture. Simple nutrient mass-balance equations indicated that the losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon from the treatments receiving feed were not dissimilar to previously reported values in finfish culture.     

高温季节鳜及饵料鱼池塘浮游生物调查研究

于高温多雨季节对广东省清远市鳜养殖基地的6个鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）及饵料鱼养殖池塘发病前后的浮游生物组成进行了调查分析。结果表明,易发病池塘,水中浮游生物总生物量比其他池塘略低。浮游植物优势种均为微囊藻（Microcystis sp.）,颤藻（Oscillatoria sp）等蓝藻。此外,池塘出现出血病症状时,浮游生物的马格利夫（Margalef）丰度指数和香农（Shannon-weaver）多样性指数均处于较低水平,这两项指数可作为池塘发病的预警参考指标。在实际生产中,平时应注意调节水质,以稳定水中浮游生物的数量和组成,在天气不佳时更应多加巡塘,以便及早发现病情。