抗稻瘟病链霉菌JK-1基因组BAC文库构建

实验以抗稻瘟病链霉菌JK-1的基因组DNA为材料构建了其BAC（bacterial artificial chromosome）文库。该文库共有3456个克隆,插入片段在40-100kb,平均插入片段55kb,空载率低于5%,覆盖了链霉菌基因组约17.3倍。抗稻瘟病链霉菌JK-1基因组BAC文库的构建,为进一步研究基因组结构及其功能基因的利用等奠定了基础。     

琯溪蜜柚BAC文库的构建和汁胞粒化相关基因的筛选

【目的】构建琯溪蜜柚BAC文库,利用该文库筛选与汁胞粒化相关的基因。【方法】用温和的物理方法获得高分子量DNA,部分酶切后进行回收、连接、转化,超低温保存阳性克隆。构建DNA样品混合样,PCR法筛选文库,生物信息学分析DNA序列。【结果】改进了适合琯溪蜜柚BAC文库构建的方法;构建的琯溪蜜柚BAC文库含有26112个单克隆,空载率小于1%,叶绿体DNA的污染率不超过1%,插入片段平均大小大约120kb,覆盖8倍的琯溪蜜柚基因组。利用与琯溪蜜柚汁胞粒化相关的EST序列设计PCR引物筛选文库,得到一段大小为1088 bp的DNA序列,该序列含有两段大小分别为122bp和172bp的内含子,经同源比对发现,该序列中部分序列与蓖麻(Ricinus communis)、杨树(Populus trichocarpa)多铜氧化酶(multicopper oxidase)cDNA序列分别有85%和71%的同源性;与毛叶番荔枝(Annona cherimola)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)果胶酯酶(pectinesterase)cDNA序列分别有76%和73%的同源性。【结论】本研究构建的BAC文库适用于琯溪蜜柚功能基因组的研究,从BAC文库筛选获得的DNA序列与汁胞粒化相关的基因有高度同源性。     

长片段水稻细菌人工染色体DNA的亚克隆文库的构建

利用超声波振断法将水稻细菌人工染色体 (BAC)基因组文库———Nipponbare库中的一个BAC克隆 (E5 0 )振断 ,产生许多大小不同的DNA随机片段 ,回收其中 1 7～ 3 5kb的片段 ,并将这些随机片段克隆入质粒载体pUC18,构建了适合于鸟枪法测序的亚克隆BAC文库     

P[acman]: a BAC transgenic platform for targeted insertion of large DNA fragments in D. melanogaster

We describe a transgenesis platform for Drosophila melanogaster that integrates three recently developed technologies: a conditionally amplifiable bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), recombineering, and bacteriophage PhiC31-mediated transgenesis. The BAC is maintained at low copy number, facilitating plasmid maintenance and recombineering, but is induced to high copy number for plasmid isolation. Recombineering allows gap repair and mutagenesis in bacteria. Gap repair efficiently retrieves DNA fragments up to 133 kilobases long from P1 or BAC clones. PhiC31-mediated transgenesis integrates these large DNA fragments at specific sites in the genome, allowing the rescue of lethal mutations in the corresponding genes. This transgenesis platform should greatly facilitate structure/function analyses of most Drosophila genes.     

南瓜基因组DNA的细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库的构建

[目的]构建南瓜基因组DNA的细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库。[方法]以南瓜幼芽为材料,利用HindⅢ酶切体系,初步构建南瓜基因组DNA的BAC文库。[结果]研究成功构建了南瓜基因组DNA的BAC文库。[结论]该技术为南瓜相关基因的克隆、功能验证、物理图谱的构建和基因组测序等研究工作奠定了基础。     

棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体基因组文库的构建

【目的】构建棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的线粒体BAC文库,为研究棉花线粒体基因组结构以及棉花细胞质雄性不育的形成机理提供基础。【方法】在借鉴其它作物的线粒体基因组BAC文库构建方法的基础上,对棉花线粒体DNA的提取及其BAC文库的构建进行探索和优化,构建了棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的线粒体BAC文库,并采用同源克隆的方法克隆棉花线粒体的功能基因。【结果】构建的不育系和保持系的线粒体基因组文库分别包括2 600个克隆,插入DNA片段大小在10.3 kb和37.5 kb之间,平均分别为22.29 kb和21.36 kb。重组子的覆盖率分别达到棉花线粒体基因组的79倍和76倍。获得了3个棉花线粒体功能基因序列,通过比较,证明晋A不育系与其保持系的这3个基因序列无差异;以这3个基因为探针筛选文库,均获得阳性克隆。【结论】分别构建了棉花晋A细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体基因组的BAC文库。获得了晋A不育系与其保持系的orfB,coxⅠ和nad4L 3个基因的全序列,通过比较,证明晋A不育系与其保持系在orfB、coxⅠ和nad4L基因全序列上无差异。     

高产优质抗病棉花品种中棉所12号细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库构建

中棉所12号是我国自育的高产、优质、抗枯萎病、耐黄萎病棉花品种，其重要创新是使抗性和产量、品质得到结合改良和提高。本研究以plndigoBAC-5为载体，对中棉所12号进行了细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库构建。初步建立的文库含有38800个克隆，覆盖2倍基因组。对文库中132个重组克隆的分析表明：插入片段为50～150kb，平均大小为120kb；大于100kb的克隆占87．7％，大于110kb的克隆占56％；空载率小于1％。该文库的构建为深入开展棉花基因组有关研究奠定了基础。     

稻瘟病菌细菌人工染色体（BAC）基因组文库的构建

 稻瘟病菌是一种重要的植物病原菌,同时又是研究植物和病原物之间相互关系的一个重要试验系统。实验通过采用95-23-4a稻瘟病菌株经提取纯化得到该稻瘟病菌的细胞核基因组总DNA,用限制性内切酶部分酶解后,与经末端去磷酸化处理过的pCUGIBAC1质粒载体按一定摩尔比例相互连接,通过转化E.coli DH10B感受态细胞进而通过蓝白斑筛选挑取白色克隆从而构建了95-23-4a稻瘟病菌株的细菌人工染色体（BAC）基因组文库。通过进行酶切检测及Southern杂交分析后确定所构建的BAC文库平均插入片段29.1 kb,该文库覆盖7.4倍基因组,此基因组文库的构建为该菌致病相关基因的克隆奠定了基础。     

Study on the Mitochondrial Genome of Sea Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) by BAC Library Screening

The plant mitochondrial genome displays complex features, particularly in terms of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS）. Therefore, research on the cotton mitochondrial genome may provide important information for analyzing genome evolution and exploring the molecular mechanism of CMS. In this paper, we present a preliminary study on the mitochondrial genome of sea island cotton （Gossypium barbadense） based on positive clones from the bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library. Thirty-five primers designed with the conserved sequences of functional genes and exons of mitochondria were used to screen positive clones in the genome library of the sea island cotton variety called Pima 90-53. Ten BAC clones were obtained and verified for further study. A contig was obtained based on six overlapping clones and subsequently laid out primarily on the mitochondrial genome. One BAC clone, clone 6 harbored with the inserter of approximate 115 kb mtDNA sequence, in which more than 10 primers fragments could be amplified, was sequenced and assembled using the Solexa strategy. Fifteen mitochondrial functional genes were revealed in clone 6 by gene annotation. The characteristics of the syntenic gene/exon of the sequences and RNA editing were preliminarily predicted.     

A physical map of the 1-gigabase bread wheat chromosome 3B

As the staple food for 35% of the world's population, wheat is one of the most important crop species. To date, sequence-based tools to accelerate wheat improvement are lacking. As part of the international effort to sequence the 17-billion-base-pair hexaploid bread wheat genome (2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes), we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based integrated physical map of the largest chromosome, 3B, that alone is 995 megabases. A chromosome-specific BAC library was used to assemble 82% of the chromosome into 1036 contigs that were anchored with 1443 molecular markers, providing a major resource for genetic and genomic studies. This physical map establishes a template for the remaining wheat chromosomes and demonstrates the feasibility of constructing physical maps in large, complex, polyploid genomes with a chromosome-based approach.     

双元细菌人工染色体基因组文库研究进展

酵母人工染色体(YAC)、细菌人工染色体(BAC)是伴随着人类基因组计划的实施而产生的,这些大片段基因克隆载体的应用推动了分子生物学、遗传学等学科的快速发展。以农杆菌介导的直接转化植物为代表的双元细菌人工染色体(BIBAC)载体的发展,加速植物基因组的研究,成为植物基因组分析、基因功能鉴定、染色体结构与功能关系研究的重要工具。介绍了人工染色体文库的发展史,根据建库经验,着重阐述了BIBAC文库的构建、鉴定与应用。     

PCR-based screening of BAC clones of different chromosomes in Chinese cabbage

In this paper, taking SSR and functional gene sequence as the primers and the plasmid of first- and second-level pools of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library as templates, the PCR method was used for specific clones of different chromosomes in Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the number of positive clones was 1?C11 per primer and the average number of clone was 3.9 by screening 19200 clones of BAC library using 12 pairs of SSR primers from 10 linkage groups individually, which were nearly consistent with about 3.4 times of genome coverage. Positive clones were acquired in chromosome Nos. 2 to 5 and 8 to 10 without screening with the positive clones in chromosome Nos. 1, 6, and 7. In addition, the primer of FLC1 functional gene of chromosome No. 10 was used for PCR screening, and two BAC clones containing FLC1 gene were acquired. Therefore, different specific BAC clones of chromosomes were taken by using SSR primer and functional gene primer. Specific clone screening of chromosomes could provide a probe for identifying the chromosome accurately. Meanwhile, the BAC library screening method was optimized, serving as an effective technical means for quick BAC clone screening.     

苹果细菌人工染色体双色DNA纤维荧光原位杂交体系的建立及应用

【目的】建立苹果DNA纤维荧光原位杂交（Fiber FISH）技术体系,从而为利用该技术确定苹果基因组DNA序列间的位置关系、构建精细物理图谱等方面的应用奠定基础。【方法】以‘Florina’苹果幼叶为试材,通过液氮研磨,尼龙膜过滤和TritonX-100去除叶绿素等步骤提取细胞核。细胞核经碱裂解,采用盖玻片拉伸方法制备DNA纤维。比较细胞核不同裂解时间和在5种不同包被类型的载玻片上DNA纤维拉伸的效果。用碱裂解方法提取来自苹果‘Florina’自交不亲和S9基因座的4个细菌人工染色体（Bacterium Artificial Chromosome）BAC 34G16、 BAC 45M19、BAC 70J19和BAC 69A4。提取的质粒经PEG纯化,用地高辛或生物素标记探针。探针与DNA纤维制片经过80℃变性、37℃杂交2-3 d和洗片,采用“三明治”方法进行信号放大和检测,在荧光显微镜下观察试验结果。【结果】建立了以苹果幼叶为材料,液氮研磨提取细胞核,碱裂解细胞核和盖玻片拉伸制备DNA纤维的试验方法。提取的细胞核纯净、结构完整,细胞核浓度＞5×103个/μL。试验结果表明,细胞核裂解4 min,在多聚赖氨酸包被的载玻片上制备的DNA纤维平直、伸展均匀,纤维量多、细长,效果好。经原位杂交和信号检测,获得了清晰的、具有Fiber FISH典型特征的“念珠状”杂交信号。对已知大小和位置关系的两个BAC克隆BAC 34G16和BAC 45M19进行杂交信号测量和分析,得出BAC 克隆大小（Y,Kb）与信号长度（X,μm）的相关方程为Y=3.47X（R2=0.9215）,其斜率即为该试验技术体系Fiber FISH的分辨率3.47 kb•μm-1。试验对未知大小和位置关系的两个BAC克隆BAC 70J19和BAC 69A4成功地进行了鉴定,它们大小分别为(112.1±18.4)kb和(133.2±16.3 )kb,之间有（90.2±7.3）kb的重叠区域。【结论】建立了以苹果幼叶提取细胞核,制备DNA纤维和原位杂交的方法,获得了高分辨率的苹果DNA纤维原位杂交试验技术体系。     

大麦BAC文库三维混合池的构建与HvGW2筛选

【目的】从大麦BAC文库中快速筛选包含目的基因HvGW2的阳性BAC克隆。【方法】构建BAC文库三维混合池,设计2对HvGW2特异性引物,进行BAC文库筛选,对含有目的基因HvGW2的阳性BAC克隆进行测序,获得编码大麦GW2蛋白的基因组DNA序列,并与禾本科中的GW2进行同源进化分析。【结果】构建了大麦BAC文库的三维混合池160个,文库空载率为0.18%;筛选到含HvGW2的阳性BAC克隆3个,其中,BAC克隆196M02包含完整编码该基因的序列;HvGW2包含8个外显子和7个内含子,具有与其它植物GW2相似的结构特征和保守的功能结构域;同源进化分析结果显示,大麦与小麦的GW2蛋白同源性最高;序列分析发现,HvGW2第6内含子上包含2个不同类型的反转录转座子插入,从而使大麦比其它作物的GW2长度增加11.5 kb以上。【结论】通过构建三维混合池快速筛选包含目的基因的单个阳性BAC克隆,建立了大麦目标基因克隆的辅助平台;HvGW2基因组中位于内含子区的反转录转座子插入导致基因长度增加,可能是影响该基因转录水平的关键变异。     

A bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of Manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) is known as the third most important food crop in the tropics and also used for industrial feedstock for biofuels. Two new bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were constructed for W14 ( M. Esculenta ssp. flabellifolia ), a wild ancestor of domesticated cassava. The libraries were constructed with Eco RI and Hin dIII insertion vectors, respectively. The Eco RI library has 29952 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb, while the Hin dIII library consists of 29952 clones with an average insert of 129 kb. The combined libraries contain a total of 59904 clones with an average insert size of 125 kb, representing approximately 10 × haploid genome equivalents. A total of 29952 clones were fingerprinted and resulted in a cassava physical map composed of 2485 contigs with an average physical length of 336 kb and 2909 singletons, representing approximately 762 Mb of the cassava genome. 5000 clones located at the ends of BAC contigs were selected and sequenced. A total of 6077 SNPs and 231 indels were identified, that covered 459 gene sequences, of which 6 genes were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. This BAC-based physical map provides valuable tools to understand the genetics and evolution of cassava.     

Bacterial artificial chromosome library construction of root-knot nematode resistant pepper genotype HDA149 and identification of clones linked to Me3 resistant locus

Pepper(Capsicum annuum.L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide and has the second largest planting area and the first largest vegetable output and value in China.Pepper root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the most serious pests of pepper,which caused huge losses every year.Previous studies showed that the Me3 gene is resistant to a wide range of Meloidogyne species,including M.arenaria,M.javanica,and M.incognita.HDA149,a double haploid pepper genotype,harboring the root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3,was used to construct bacterial artificial chromosome library(BAC) via the vector of CopyControl~(TM) pCC1 in this study.The library consists of 210200 BAC clones and is equivalent to 5.3 pepper genomes.The average insert size is 95 kb,and most of them are 90-120 kb;but the empty clones are less than 3%.In order to screen the BAC library easily,550 super pools with 384 BAC clones of each pool were further developed in this study.Specific primers from Me3 gene locus were used for BAC library screening,and more than 20 positive BAC clones were obtained.Then the selected positive BAC clones were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion,BAC-end sequencing,marker development,and new positive BAC clones exploration,respectively.Finally,the contig with total length of about 300 kb linked to the Me3 locus was constructed based on chromosome walking strategy,which made a solid foundation for the cloning of the important root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3.     

棉花线粒体基因组细菌人工染色体文库的构建

以P30A细胞质雄性不育系黄化苗为材料,采用蔗糖密度差速离心和不连续蔗糖密度梯度超速离心提取棉花线粒体,低熔点琼脂糖包埋和原位消化裂解的方法制备高分子量的线粒体DNA(mtDNA),经BamHⅠ,HindⅢ酶切和PCR扩增进行纯度鉴定,并对其进行部分酶切,酶切片段与载体连接,电击转入大肠杆菌DH10B中,成功的构建了棉花线粒体基因组BAC文库。该文库共挑取3 840个单克隆,平均插入片段大小为15.5 kb,覆盖率超过70倍,研究结果表明该基因文库具有较高的质量。     

控制桃粘/离核PG基因的BAC克隆筛选与序列分析

【目的】控制桃果实粘/离核性状的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（polygalacturonase,PG）基因存在串联重复和大片段的缺失。本研究对粘核桃所处的F-M基因座序列特征进行分析,为开发相关分子标记提供依据。【方法】本研究利用构建的粘核桃单株‘87-7-1’基因组的细菌人工染色体（bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC）文库,通过PCR筛选出含F-M基因座的阳性克隆,利用单分子纳米孔技术进行全长测序,并对BAC克隆中的插入片段进行基因注释、序列比对和生物信息学分析。【结果】利用已有桃品种的基因组重测序数据设计PCR引物,以BAC文库为模板,扩增F-M基因座上/下游稳定共有的序列,获得了扩增产物上/下游条带均为阳性的目标单克隆46-B-10。全长测序结果表明,BAC克隆的插入片段全长为111 612 bp,GC含量为37.03%。利用基因同源共线性方法对Prunus_persica_v2.0桃参考基因组和BAC克隆之间的同源信息进行比对分析,确定了同源区域。而与已知的桃参考基因组（测序品种为‘Lovell’,离核）序列进行比对,发现只有5个基因（Prupe.4G261700、Prupe.4G261800、Prupe.4G261900、Prupe.4G262000、Prupe.4G262500）序列能比对到该单克隆全长的区域,而‘87-7-1’在相应位置缺失了4个基因共34 kb,其中包括控制桃粘/离核的EndoPGF（Prupe.4G262200）。【结论】与桃参考基因组测序品种‘Lovell’相比,粘核桃单株‘87-7-1’的F-M基因座缺失了EndoPGF,只有EndoPGM,本研究明确了粘核桃F-M基因座的结构变异情况,为粘/离核性状分子标记的开发奠定了基础。     

羊毛硫抗生素雷可肽同源基因簇的异源表达

高杰氏链霉菌中含有新型羊毛硫抗生素雷可肽(lexapeptide)的同源基因簇lxm2,为探索该基因簇相应的产物,将包含lxm2的细菌人工染色体转到变铅青链霉菌中进行异源表达,证实其可以产生雷可肽;同时还获得另一个新次级代谢产物,基因敲除实验表明此化合物的合成也与lxm2相关。通过色谱技术对新化合物进行分离纯化,结合核磁共振谱、高分辨质谱和二级质谱确定其结构为具有多重修饰的线性六肽,与雷可肽的N-端六氨基酸序列相同,命名为Lxm-N-六肽,该化合物没有检测到抗菌活性。     

油菜原花色素合成途径基因的克隆及进展

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