猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒流行株Nsp2基因的克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法,从吉林省部分地区猪场的病料中扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的Nsp2基因并测序。应用DNAStar 7.0、ClustalX 1.83、MEGA 4.0软件对测序结果进行分析,并与NCBI上已登录的PRRSV代表毒株的Nsp2基因进行序列比对,结果显示,得到的Nsp2基因与VR-2332、CH-1a等代表毒株的一致性为62.0%～87.5%,与国内高致病性PRRSV毒株JXA1、HUB2等的一致性为97.8%～98.9%;氨基酸序列比对结果显示与VR-2332、CH-1a等代表毒株的一致性为34.4%～59.0%,与国内高致病性PRRSV毒株JXA1、HUB2等的一致性为95.1%～98.4%。因此,引起吉林省部分地区猪场发生猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的PRRSV与国内流行的高致病性PRRSV毒株亲缘关系较近。     

2010年-2011年广东地区PRRSV Nsp2和ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为了解2010年-2011年广东地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)流行毒株的遗传变异情况,采用RT-PCR方法扩增所分离的16株PRRSV的Nsp2和ORF5的基因,应用DNA Star、ClustalX2和MEGA5等对所得序列进行比对及遗传变异分析。16株PRRSV的Nsp2和ORF5基因的推导氨基酸序列同源性分别为75.3%～100%和87.5%～100%,与国内高致病性PRRSV代表毒株JXA1的氨基酸同源性分别为74.2%～98.2%和87.5%～99%。Nsp2遗传进化分析显示,这16株PRRSV均属于美洲型毒株,其中15株病毒与以JXA1为代表的国内流行毒株处于同一分支,属美洲亚群Ⅰ;另外1株病毒与VR-2332和疫苗株MLV处在同一分支,属美洲亚群Ⅱ。2010年-2011年广东地区流行毒株仍为高致病性PRRSV,且存在经典疫苗毒株MLV。     

2014年-2016年广西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2和ORF5基因的遗传多样性分析

为了解广西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)流行毒株的遗传进化情况,对2014年-2016年来自广西各地的部分PRRSV阳性病料进行Nsp2和ORF5基因的扩增和测序分析.结果获得34个Nsp2基因序列和45个ORF5基因序列,均属于美洲型毒株.Nsp2基因间核苷酸序列的同源性为91.8％~100％,与PRRSV美洲型毒株VR-2332、CH-1a、JXA1及NADC30株核苷酸序列的同源性分别为81.3％~84.3％、88.9％~92.1％、94.3％~99.3％和73.5％~75.1％,而与PRRSV欧洲型毒株LV株核苷酸序列的同源性为51.5％~53.2％.ORF5基因间核苷酸序列的同源性为82.8％~100％,与PRRSV美洲型毒株VR-2332、CH-1a、JXA1及NADC30株核苷酸序列的同源性分别为83.7％~99.5％、85％~95％、83.8％~99.7％和83.2％~86.4％,而与PRRSV欧洲型毒株LV株核苷酸序列的同源性为62.4％~64.5％.基于Nsp2和ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列绘制的遗传进化树中,广西地区的毒株主要分布在以JXA1为代表的Ⅳ亚群.表明当前广西PRRSV流行毒株以JXA1株为代表的高致病性美洲型毒株为主,各毒株Nsp2和ORF5基因序列存在一定的差异,尚未发现欧洲型毒株和美洲型NADC30类毒株.     

乌鲁木齐市猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2基因遗传变异分析

为研究新疆乌鲁木齐市猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)流行毒株Nsp2基因的遗传变异情况。采用RTPCR方法扩增了3份PRRSV阳性样品的Nsp2基因,并应用DNAStar和Mega6.0等软件对所得Nsp2基因序列进行多重序列比对和遗传进化分析。3株PRRSV的Nsp2序列均存在30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,与以JXA1为代表的高致病性蓝耳病(HP-PRRSV)在同一小分支,同源性在98.6%~99.0%之间,与经典毒株VR-2332的同源性在84.0%~84.2%之间,与欧洲株LV同源性仅为49.5%~49.7%。表明HP-PRRSV已成为乌鲁木齐市的优势流行毒株,本分离株与HP-PRRSV JXA1株亲缘关系较近,与经典毒株VR-2332株亲缘关系较远。本研究为掌握乌鲁木齐市的PRRSV分子流行病学特征及科学防控奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒强毒株HUB2株全基因组序列分析

从湖北省暴发猪"高热病"的猪场分离出1株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV),并命名为HUB2株.根据GenBank上已发表的PRRSV全基因序列设计引物进行RTPCR扩增,获得PRRSV HUB2株全基因组cDNA序列.测序结果表明PRRSV HUB2株基因组全长15 320 bp(不包括PolyA尾).分析结果显示该毒株与PRRSV美洲型标准株(VR-2332)和欧洲型标准株(LV)全基因核苷酸同源性分别为89.6%和50.3%.说明HUB2属于美洲型毒株.与VR-2332相比,HUB2株非结构蛋白(Nsp2)存在2处不连续的缺失(共缺失30个氨基酸),其缺失位点位于推定氨基酸序列的第481位和532～560位.此次新出现的强毒株全基因组序列特性的揭示为科学防治猪高致病性蓝耳病奠定了理论基础.     

PRRSV上海浦东南汇分离株Nsp2与ORF5基因遗传演化分析

对上海浦东南汇地区某规模猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)疑似病料进行处理,提取病毒总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增Nsp2/ORF5基因,并进行基因测序。序列分析结果表明,浦东南汇分离株Nsp2蛋白均缺失481位和第533~561位30个不连续的氨基酸,同时在Nsp2编码区出现与高致病性PRRSV(HP-PRRSV)代表株JXA1相同的遗传变异现象。同源性分析表明,6株Nsp2、ORF5氨基酸序列与VR-2332、CH-1a、HB-2以及JXA1株的同源性分别为:40.3%~55.3%,73.5%~89.5%;54.7%~75.1%,75.5%~92.5%;50.9%~67.3%,73.5%~90.5%;72.8%~91.5%,81.5%~98.5%;而与欧洲型代表株LV株的同源性分别仅为26.2%~35.9%和44.8%~56.4%。遗传演化分析表明,浦东南汇分离株与国内株(CH-1a、HB-2)和VR-2332美洲代表株各自处于相对独立的分支,遗传关系较远且不存在交叉现象,而与JXA1变异株处于同一进化分支。研究表明,浦东南汇分离株为美洲型HP-PRRSV毒株,具有一定的地理衍变特性,已从PRRSV遗传进化树中分离,出现一个新的遗传独立群体。     

一株Nsp2蛋白部分氨基酸自然缺失的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离和鉴定

将RT-PCR检测为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)阳性的肺组织碾磨、过滤后接种MARC-145细胞,在细胞上连续传代,上清传至第二代后能产生细胞病变。通过RT-PCR方法可以检测到释放在细胞上清中PRRSV RNA。间接免疫荧光试验也能检测细胞内PRRSV N蛋白的表达,表明该PRRSV毒株成功地在MARC-145细胞中分离,命名为PRRSV NN1396株。对NN1396分离株GP5基因进行克隆测序分析,结果表明该毒株与NCBI登录的PRRSV GP5核苷酸同源性为62.9%~98.2%,与PRRSV原型毒株VR-2332的同源性为87.9%,与高致病性毒株PRRSV JXA1同源性为98.0%,通过GP5的遗传进化分析发现所分离的PRRSV为北美型PRRSV,且与高致病性PRRSV分布在同一个小分支上;对部分nsp2基因的测序、比对结果表明,该部分基因与NCBI登录的参考序列VR-2332氨基酸同源性为73.0%,与JXA1的同源性为94.8%。NN1396分离株Nsp2蛋白含有高致病性PRRSV特异的1+29个氨基酸的缺失,此外,在缺失29个氨基酸区域的上游,含有连续19个氨基酸缺失。该PRRSV毒株的分离和Nsp2蛋白部分序列的缺失鉴定,为下一步研究Nsp2部分氨基酸缺失对病毒生物学特性影响奠定基础。     

云南猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的诊断与Nsp2基因变异分析

对2019年5月份云南省出现的流产胎儿样品进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒核酸检测,2个猪场胎儿样品检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核酸均为阳性,其他病原均为阴性。对核酸阳性样品通过RT-PCR扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2基因,并对其进行测序。序列比对及系统发育分析结果表明:2019年云南2株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2基因核苷酸序列同源性为97.5%;与VR2332、CH-1a、HUN4、JXA-1、JXAIP80、TJA-1毒株之间的核苷酸同源性为77.1%～98.3%,与JXAIP80毒株同源性最高为97.6%～98.3%,与经典北美毒株VR2332同源性最低为71.1%～71.2%,与经典毒株VR2332和CH-1a相比存在90 bp碱基缺失。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒山西分离株的鉴定及部分Nsp2基因序列分析

本研究采集山西省不同地区的发病猪脏器组织与血液样品,采用特异性 RT-PCR方法检测高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)样品16份,应用设计的特异性引物扩增出Nsp2基因序列,利用DNAStar生物信息学分析软件,对获得的序列与国外代表毒株VR-2332、国内代表毒株CH-1a、BJ-4、HB-1及PRRSV变异毒株HuN4和JXA1的序列进行了比较,绘制系统发生树。氨基酸序列比较分析发现山西省流行毒株同源性分别在69.8%~71.7%、85.3%~87.9%、68.7%~70.6%、91.7%~94.3%、94.3%~98.5%、95.1%~98.9%。所获得的16株病毒之间的同源性在90.9%~100%之间。研究结果发现所获得的序列同源性与国内近几年流行的PRRSV的变异毒株HuN4和JXA1毒株的序列同源性最高,分别在94.3%~98.5%与95.1%~98.9%之间,Nsp2 基因缺失位置一致,其Nsp2均有2个部位出现了缺失,即Nsp2基因分别为编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失和编码29个氨基酸的连续87个核苷酸的缺失,结果表明,山西省目前流行PRRSV的变异毒株与国内流行株属于同一分支。     

PRRSV SC-GY变异株Nsp2、ORF5、ORF3基因遗传变异分析

为了监测PRRSV流行毒株的基因变异情况,采用RT-PCR方法对四川省广元市某疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)发病猪场病料进行分子鉴定,获得1株PRRSV命名为SC-GY株,并对SC-GY株的Nsp2、ORF5及ORF3基因进行测序比对和系统进化树构建。结果表明,SC-GY株为Nsp2基因发生30个氨基酸不连续缺失、ORF3基因第17位插入1个丝氨酸(S)的美洲型高致病性PRRSV变异毒株,其Nsp2、ORF5、ORF3基因与VR2332、SC2012、CH-1a、JXA1、HUN4、NADC30、HENAN-XINX等国内外代表毒株的核苷酸同源性分别为70.3%~97.9%,82.4%~97.6%,83.1%~98.2%,编码氨基酸同源性分别为62.3%~96.3%,78.0%~95.7%,81.6%~96.5%;而与LV等欧洲型毒株的核苷酸同源性分别为18.9%,60.8%,63.7%,编码氨基酸同源性分别为14.0%,54.9%,57.2%。基因遗传进化树分析表明,SC-GY株与JXA1、TJ、HUN4等前期分离的毒株以及近期在四川周边分离的SC2012、SCwhn09CD、SCwhn14DY等毒株都相距较远。由此表明,该地区PRRSV在当前高频度活疫苗免疫下,流行毒株基因仍在不断变异,猪场应减少PRRSV活疫苗的免疫并加强对临床PRRSV流行毒株的监测。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.