间伐对梨园地面不同区域太阳辐射的影响

在12 a生梨树高光效开心树形果园进行了隔行间伐试验,测定了树冠外围及树冠中部投影下方的果园地面太阳辐射强度。结果表明,成龄梨园隔行间伐后,9:00—17:00果园地面太阳辐射强度比未间伐果园(对照)均显著增加,全天平均增加了1.65倍;果园间伐后外围地面太阳辐射有不同程度增加,其中,南侧太阳辐射增加幅度最大,北侧次之,东侧、西侧、南侧及北侧地面全天太阳辐射总量分别为对照的2.44,2.11,4.71和2.79倍;树盘中部地面相应方位全天太阳辐射总量分别为对照的1.85,1.82,2.60和2.34倍;间伐处理和对照果园全天太阳辐射透射率分别为30.42%和7.68%。     

1-MCP对大果水晶梨软化与褐变的影响

通过对1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理大果水晶梨冷藏期间果胶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性﹑总酚﹑多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化规律的分析,研究了1-MCP处理对大果水晶梨果实软化与褐变的影响。结果表明:高浓度的1-MCP处理延迟了大果水晶梨的可溶性果胶含量的上升,抑制了PG活性;经1-MCP处理能较明显减缓大果水晶梨总酚含量的下降,抑制PPO活性,高浓度作用效果比低浓度的效果明显;在整个贮藏过程中,PG的最大酶活出现时间总是比PPO早,表明在整个采后贮藏过程中,先是果实的软化衰老导致细胞组织崩溃,进而产生大量氧自由基,使底物、氧与PPO充分接触,进而加剧了果实的褐变。     

Inhibitory Effects of 1-MCP and DPA on Superficial Scald of Dangshansuli Pear

Dangshansuli pear is one of crisp pears and has a non-climacteric respiratory pattern.Dangshansuli pear fruits were treated with 1 000 or 2 000 μL L-1 diphenylamine (DPA) for 1 min,or with 0.5 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h before cold storage at (2±0.5)℃ for up to 210 d.Incidences of superficial scald and related physiological indexes were investigated during storage.The results showed that superficial scald occurred in control fruit with a rate of over 90％ after 210 d at cold storage plus 10 d at room temperature.Treatments with 1 000 and 2000 μL L-1 DPA and 0.5 μL L-1 1-MCP inhibited the accumulation of αt-farnesene,conjugated trienes,total phenolic contents,and malondialdehyde (MDA) during storage.The treatments also decreased leakage of cell membrane and the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the peel.These results indicate that I-MCP and DPA treatments inhibit and postpone the occurrence of superficial scald of Dangshansuli pears remarkably in cold storage and post-storage shelf life,respectively,while the mechanisms were different.The results above may provide a theoretical evidence for the agriculture production.     

1-MCP和MA包装南水梨果实贮藏效果的影响

以南水梨果实为试材,分别研究了1-MCP处理对市售白袋和绿袋包装果实的冷藏期和货架期贮藏的果肉硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸含量和细胞膜相对透性以及果心褐变、果实腐烂和果柄保鲜的影响.结果表明:1-MCP处理在贮藏前期对南水梨的硬度和酸含量有一定的保持作用,抑制果肉细胞膜透性升高,抑制了TSS升高,有利于果柄保鲜,抑制了果心褐变,但对腐烂无明显作用.白袋的保鲜效果优于绿袋.     

绿色无锈翠冠梨果袋的筛选研究初报

利用外黄内白、外花内黑、外黄内黑3种袋型对翠冠梨果实进行套袋处理.与对照(不套袋)相比,外黄内白袋处理果实基本能保持原有果面绿色和风味,而外花内黑袋和外黄内黑袋处理果实果面呈现黄白色,果实风味变淡.3种果袋都极显著减少果面锈斑的产生,其锈斑指数分别为25.5、55.5、82.8,而对照为99.2,其中外黄内白袋效果最为...     

Combined effects of sodium chlorite dip treatment and chitosan coatings on the quality of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears

This study evaluated the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) alone and its sequential treatment with edible coatings on browning inhibition and quality maintenance of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears. Edible coatings were prepared from chitosan (CH) and its water-soluble derivative carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH), separately. Pear wedges were immersed in SC solution, followed by coating with CH or CMCH solutions. The samples were packed in unsealed bags and stored at 4 °C for subsequent color, firmness, and weight loss measurement. The effects of the SC and coating treatments on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and microbial inactivation were also evaluated. Results indicated that SC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of browning and PPO activity. The SC treatment was also strongly effective in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pear slices. Coating SC-treated pear slices with CH adversely affected the quality of pear slices by accelerating the discoloration of cut surfaces and increasing the PPO activity. On the contrary, coating SC-treated samples with CMCH significantly prevented the browning reaction and inhibited PPO activity. In addition, SC and CH/CMCH coatings maintained tissue firmness and did not affect weight loss. Our study may provide a scientific basis for the use of SC + CMCH treatment as an alternative preservation treatment for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.     

新疆15个引进梨品种果实贮藏性研究初报

以新疆当地品种库尔勒香梨果实为对照,从果实感官品质、硬度、好果率、可溶性固形物含量等方面研究从内地引进新疆的15个优良梨品种果实的贮藏性。结果表明,在温度-1.5～-0.5℃、湿度90%～95%条件下,黄冠等9个品种的梨果实不宜较长时间贮藏;玉露香等6个品种较耐贮藏,可贮藏8个月左右。     

柠檬酸对鸭梨贮藏后期微生物数量和品质的影响

为探讨柠檬酸对鸭梨贮藏后期的保鲜机制,以鸭梨为试材,采用不同浓度的柠檬酸溶液浸泡鸭梨果实,在4℃的条件下分别贮藏10天、20天、30天,测量了贮藏后期柠檬酸处理对鸭梨的硬度、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物以及霉菌和酵母菌的数量的变化的影响。结果表明:在试验期间,4种浓度柠檬酸浸泡处理均可在不同程度上降低果实的失重率和腐烂率,其中2%柠檬酸浸泡处理的鸭梨贮藏的效果最佳,其腐烂率和失重率分别为8.3%和18.18%,抑制了果实贮藏后期微生物数量,防止硬度、可溶性糖以及可溶性固形物含量的下降。柠檬酸处理是鸭梨贮藏后期为改善鸭梨品质和控制微生物数量的一种可选方法。     

北京不同产区京白梨挥发性物质成分检测分析

研究京白梨的香味成分,为今后利用多种方法开启京白梨次生代谢产物途径,提高果实品质提供理论依据。以北京市房山、大兴和昌平3个区不同土壤和环境条件的京白梨后熟果实为材料,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对果实的挥发性物质进行分离,分别得到31、32和36种挥发性物质,3个地区总计得到挥发性物质54种,其中主要的香味物质有10种,分别为乙酸己酯、α-法尼烯、丁酸己酯、丁酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯、1-己醇、乙醇、丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和（E）-丁酸-2-己烯酯。京白梨果实香味物质的种类和相对含量是由京白梨的遗传物质和外界环境共同作用的结果。     

野生棠梨果露酒的研制

[目的]探索野生棠梨果露酒的研制方法。[方法]挑选成熟野生棠梨果实制成野生棠梨果汁液后,与高粱酒按照汁液：酒为2：1的比例混合均匀,调配成野生棠梨果露酒,测定其糖含量和酒精度。[结果]调配好的野生棠梨果露酒的酒精含量为14%～17%,pH值为4.5,含糖量为15%～18%。用于野生棠梨果露酒调配用的酒最好是高粱酒,酒精含量最好是45%～47%。[结论]为保证野生棠梨果露酒的保存期,调配的野生棠梨果露酒的酒精含量不得低于15%。