伪狂犬病病毒弱毒株LY株的分离鉴定

从辽阳某猪场的10日龄仔猪中分离到1株病毒，经纯化后测得其毒价为10^7．29TCID50／mL。细胞中和试验表明，该病毒能被猪伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清所中和。电镜下可见到典型的疱疹病毒粒子，具有囊膜及外周纤突。所分离的病毒对氯仿、胰蛋白酶、乙醚敏感，在pH5．0-9．0下稳定，56℃ 30min可以灭活。应用特异性引物，通过PCR能扩增出伪狂犬病病毒1240bp的gD基因。分离病毒对3日龄乳鼠有一定的致病力，但对家兔、3—5日龄仔猪及妊娠母猪都有很高的安全性。用不同剂量的病毒培养液肌肉注射于3—5日龄仔猪，14d后用10^5.7TCID50伪狂犬病病毒强毒攻击，所有试验仔猪均可得到有效保护。用分离毒免疫母猪，其后代可获高滴度的母源抗体，15日龄的仔猪能抵抗10^5.7TCID50强毒的攻击。试验的结果初步说明，所分离的病毒为伪狂犬病病毒(命名为PRVLY株)，并可能是一株弱毒株，而且具有很好的免疫保护作用。     

伪狂犬病弱毒克隆株LY-C6株的试验免疫研究

在流行病学调查中分离到 1株病毒 ,经鉴定为伪狂犬病毒弱毒株命名为LY株。应用蚀斑筛选方法对其进行了蚀斑克隆纯化 ,将克隆后的该毒株命名为猪伪狂犬病病毒LY -C6株。克隆株除对家兔有一定致病力外、对 5日龄乳猪及妊娠母猪都有很高的安全性。该克隆株对新生乳猪、断乳仔猪及妊娠母猪的最小免疫量分别为 1 0 2 80 、 2× 1 0 2 80 、 4× 1 0 2 80 TCID50 ,抗体中和指数达到 3 1 6可获得攻毒保护 ,对新生乳猪、断乳仔猪的免疫持续期为 2 40天 ,免疫妊娠母猪其后代可获高滴度的母源抗体 ,至少可使 2 8日龄的仔猪能抵御强毒的攻击     

伪狂犬病病毒弱毒株LY株的分离鉴定

从辽阳某猪场的10日龄仔猪中分离到1株病毒,经纯化后测得其毒价为107.29TCID50/mL.细胞中和试验表明,该病毒能被猪伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清所中和.电镜下可见到典型的疱疹病毒粒子,具有囊膜及外周纤突.所分离的病毒对氯仿、胰蛋白酶、乙醚敏感,在pH5.0～9.0下稳定,56℃ 30 min可以灭活.应用特异性引物,通过PCR能扩增出伪狂犬病病毒1 240 bp的gD基因.分离病毒对3日龄乳鼠有一定的致病力,但对家兔、3～5日龄仔猪及妊娠母猪都有很高的安全性.用不同剂量的病毒培养液肌肉注射于3～5日龄仔猪,14 d后用105.7TCID50伪狂犬病病毒强毒攻击,所有试验仔猪均可得到有效保护.用分离毒免疫母猪,其后代可获高滴度的母源抗体,15日龄的仔猪能抵抗105.7TCID50强毒的攻击.试验的结果初步说明,所分离的病毒为伪狂犬病病毒(命名为PRV LY株),并可能是一株弱毒株,而且具有很好的免疫保护作用.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒NP株的分离鉴定

2013年下半年,福建某免疫接种过猪伪狂犬病疫苗(Bartha)的规模化猪场大批妊娠母猪发生流产、新生仔猪发生共济失调的神经症状,疑似为猪伪狂犬病病毒感染发病症状,为确定发病原因,从该猪场疑似伪狂犬病病毒感染的仔猪脑、肝脏和肺脏中分离到一株未知病毒,PCR检测及测序比对鉴定为猪伪狂犬病病毒,并将分离的病毒命名为NP株。用Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒的组织细胞半数感染量(TCID50)为10-9.13/0.1mL,动物攻毒试验出现猪伪狂犬病病毒感染的典型症状。试验结果表明,成功分离到一株猪伪狂犬病病毒毒株,为研究福建省猪群伪狂犬病病毒分子流行病学奠定基础。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒双基因缺失突变株(HB-98株)安全性、稳定性和免疫原性测定

对以伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株为亲本毒株构建的TK和gG双基因缺失突变株（PrV HB-98株）的增殖能力、安全性、毒力稳定性和免疫原性进行了测定。结果表明，PrV HB-98株在BHK-21细胞上的增殖滴度为10^7.0 TCID50／0．1mL以上，与亲本毒株相当，但高于Bartha株；与PrV鄂A株相比，病毒量为10^7.0TCID50的PrV HB-98株不引起BALB／c小鼠的死亡，毒力也低于Bartha株；将PrV HB-98株在PK-15细胞连续培养25代和在猪体内上连续继代5次，各代次突变株TK基因和LacZ基因能被稳定扩增，未出现毒力回复现象．表明该毒株具有良好的遗传稳定性；以10^5.0、10^6.0、10^7.0TCID50等3个不同剂量的PrV HB-98株接种于妊娠50～60d母猪和1日龄仔猪，母猪均能正常产仔．仔猪也未出现任何临床症状，证明该毒株有较好的安全性。另外，以10^5.0TCID50的PrV HB-98株接种于妊娠50～60d母猪和1日龄仔猪，分别于接种后28d和20d，用10^7.0TCID50 PrV鄂A强毒进行攻击．结果免疫猪都能抵抗强毒的攻击．获得保护，表明该毒株具有很强的免疫原性。综合上述结果表明，PrV HB-98株可以作为候选毒株．用于伪狂犬病基因工程疫苗的研制。     

猪细小病毒自然弱毒N株遗传稳定性研究

本研究将PPV-N株通过敏感猪三代、猪肾传代细胞25代,测定该毒株对敏感猪的致病性,结果表明将PPV-N株连续分别通过PPV HI抗体阴性的4月龄小猪、后备母猪、怀孕母猪三代,均未从试验猪检出病毒血症和分离到病毒,且母猪产仔正常。在IBRS-2细胞中连续传代,随着传代次数的增加其细胞病变未见异常,毒价稳定在103.5TCID50/mL。将第1、5、10、15、20、25代病毒培养物接种PPV HI抗体阴性怀孕母猪,未从母猪测出病毒血症和检出病毒,所产仔猪PPV HI抗体阴性,未从弱仔猪脏器分离到病毒,说明该毒株毒力不返强,具有良好的遗传稳定性。这为该弱毒株成为一株良好的自然弱毒疫苗株提供了依据。     

猪伪狂犬病母源抗体衰减规律及适时首免试验

试验采用伪狂犬病gB抗体ELISA试剂盒,分别检测3日龄和1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10周龄未免疫猪伪狂犬病母源抗体和相应日龄免疫后3周的伪狂犬病gB抗体,以gB抗体阳性率和S/N值分析猪伪狂犬病母源抗体衰减规律和最佳首免时间。结果表明,母猪分娩前1个月免疫伪狂犬病gE基因缺失弱毒苗,所产仔猪能获得高水平的母源抗体;随着仔猪日龄增加,抗体水平逐渐降低,能维持到10周龄。仔猪在5周龄前免疫伪狂犬病疫苗,母源抗体干扰主动免疫,5周龄后免疫抗体水平均有上升;该场仔猪伪狂犬病最佳首免时间为35~42日龄。     

猪伪狂犬状病毒S1株的分离与鉴定

从上海事某猪场发效仔猪体内分离到1株病毒，该毒株能在鸡胚成纤维细胞，RK，Vero,BHK21,ST,PK15细胞上增殖并产生细胞病变，通过蚀斑克隆对其进行纯化，克隆毒株在BHK21细胞上的TCID50为50μL10^-6.68稀释液，该病毒能被伪狂犬病毒（PRV）阳性血清中和，接种细胞经PRV荧光抗体染色呈阳性反应，电镜观察可见直径110－180nm的典型疱疹病毒粒子，用该病毒接种兔仔猪均出现典型的伪狂犬病症状，表明该分离毒株为PRV。     

某规模化猪场伪狂犬病的诊断

河南平顶山某猪场母猪出现较严重的流产和产死胎现象,且50日龄~70日龄仔猪出现神经症状,根据临床表现初步诊断为伪狂犬病。为排除猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪瘟,进行了实验室诊断。应用ELISA方法检测发病保育猪及母猪血清的伪狂犬病病毒野毒株gE抗体,并对发病仔猪病料进行了伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的实时荧光定量PCR检测。结果显示,伪狂犬病病毒野毒抗体阳性,实时荧光定量PCR检测确定仔猪病料中PRV核酸阳性,PRRSV和CSFV核酸阴性。结合临床症状及实验室检测,确诊该猪场发生的是猪伪狂犬病。     

猪细小病毒N株的生物学和免疫学特性研究

猪细小病毒N株是从广西初产母猪所产死胎脏器分离的自然弱毒株。用这个毒株接种PPV HI抗体阴性的四月龄小猪和怀孕14～23天的后备母猪进行安全性试验,结果无任何异常临床症状、病毒血症和同居感染,母猪分娩正常,初生仔猪在吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。该毒株免疫的小猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪,完全能抵抗猪细小病毒强毒攻击,攻毒后49天剖杀母猪,结果胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,取胎儿脏器未分离出病毒,分娩母猪产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,产下不同组合异常仔,并从死胎儿脏器分离出病毒,健活仔猪吃初乳前能测出HI抗体。从而证明用N株作为弱毒苗能防止由猪细小病毒引起的繁殖障碍性疾病。     

膜分离法纯化浓缩猪伪狂犬病疫苗毒的效果

本研究使用不同孔径的陶瓷(有机)膜过滤器,对不合格的猪伪狂犬病毒细胞收获液(病毒含量≤104TCID50/mL)滤除杂蛋白、超滤浓缩、除菌处理得到纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病疫苗病毒液;然后对纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病疫苗病毒液分别进行杂蛋白去除率检验与无菌检验、病毒含量测定、安全检验、效力检验;将检验合格的纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病疫苗病毒液添加保护剂冻干,并对纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病冻干活疫苗进行以上各项检验,以及进行免疫猪体内抗体消长变化的检测。结果表明:纯化的猪伪狂犬病疫苗杂蛋白去除率平均达到68.3%以上,病毒含量≥105TCID50/mL,效力检验合格;免疫猪体内抗猪伪狂犬病毒抗体增长幅度比同时期未纯化的常规疫苗显著,其中免疫至84 d时中和抗体效价平均高达40.35稀释倍数左右,比常规疫苗中和抗体效价平均高出14.22稀释倍数。此项研究为畜禽疫苗的纯化提供一定的参考。     

Sensitive glycoprotein gIII blocking ELISA to distinguish between pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease)-infected and vaccinated pigs.

A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has been developed to distinguish pseudorabies virus (PRV) (Aujeszky's disease virus) -infected pigs from those immunized with a glycoprotein g92 (gIII) deletion mutant, PRV (dlg92dltk) [OMNIMARK-PRV]. This blocking ELISA test utilizes an anti-PRV gIII monoclonal antibody (mAbgIII)-horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) conjugate, TMB for color development and a cloned PRVg92 (gIII) antigen to coat wells of microtiter test plates. Undiluted sera are used to block the binding of the mAbgIII-HRPO conjugate to the antigen. The gIII blocking ELISA is specific and has a sensitivity comparable to screening ELISA and latex agglutination tests. PRV-negative sera and sera from pigs vaccinated once, twice, or four times with the gIII-negative vaccine all showed negative S/N values of greater than 0.70 (S/N defined as the optical density at 630 nm of test sera/optical density at 630 nm of negative control sera). Sera from PRV-infected herds, sera from pigs experimentally infected with virulent PRV, and sera from pigs vaccinated with modified-live or inactivated gIII+ vaccines were positive for gIII antibodies (S/N less than 0.7). Sera from pigs experimentally infected with 200 PFU virulent PRV seroconverted to gIII+ antibodies 7-10 days postinfection. Sera from pigs vaccinated with gpX- and gI- vaccines seroconverted to gIII+ antibodies 7-8 days after vaccination. The gIII antibodies persisted after gIII+ vaccinated for at least 376 days postvaccination. Sera from pigs protected by vaccination with PRV (dlg92dltk) and then challenge exposed to virulent PRV at 21 days postvaccination showed gIII+ antibodies by 14 days postchallenge. The specificity and sensitivity of the gIII blocking ELISA assay was further demonstrated on the United States Department of Agriculture-National Veterinary Services Laboratory (USDA-NVSL) sera from the 1988 PRV check set and the 1989 gIII PRV check set by comparing the gIII blocking ELISA assay with virus neutralization, screening/verification ELISA and latex agglutination assays.     

In vivo and in vitro reactivation of latent pseudorabies virus in pigs born to vaccinated sows

Latency of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was established in 8 of 9 pigs born to 2 vaccinated sows. Pigs had high, low, or no maternal antibody titers at the time of the initial inoculation. At postinoculation months 3 to 4, latent PRV could be reactivated in vivo by the administration of large doses of corticosteroids. In most pigs, the stress-simulating treatment resulted in recrudescence of virus shedding after lag periods of 4 to 11 days. In 3 pigs, virus shedding was without clinical signs of disease, whereas clinical signs that developed in 4 pigs appeared to be due to the corticosteroid treatment, rather than to the reactivation of PRV. Pigs with a log10 neutralizing antibody titer of less than or equal to 2.55 at the onset of corticosteroid treatment had a booster response. Reactivated PRV spread to sentinel pigs housed with the inoculated pigs. Reactivation of PRV was also demonstrated in vitro. Explant cultures of trigeminal ganglia from pigs killed between postinoculation months 4 to 5 produced infectious virus. Restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that the reactivated PRV was indistinguishable from virus isolated shortly after the primary infection. Seemingly, pigs with maternal antibodies can become latently infected and therefore may be regarded as potential sources of dissemination of PRV.     

Intranasal vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies: absence of vaccinal virus latency and failure to prevent latency of virulent virus

The avirulent Bartha's K strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used to vaccinate 8 pigs at 10 weeks of age by the intransal route (experiment 1). On postvaccination days (PVD) 63 and 91, pigs were treated with corticosteroids. Viral shedding could not be detected. Explant cultures of trigeminal ganglia and tonsils did not produce virus. Four pigs with maternal antibody were vaccinated intranasally with Bartha's (attenuated) K strain of PRV at 10 weeks of age and were challenge exposed with a virulent strain of PRV on PVD 63 (experiment 2). Corticosteroid treatment, starting on postchallenge exposure day 70 (PVD 133) resulted in viral shedding in 1 of 4 pigs. In another pig of these 4, a 2nd corticosteroid treatment was required to trigger reactivation. In both pigs, sufficient reactivated virus was excreted to infect susceptible sentinel pigs. Restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that viruses isolated from the 2 pigs after challenge exposure and corticosteroid treatment were indistinguishable from the virulent virus. Evidence was not obtained for simultaneous excretion of vaccinal and virulent virus. Of 4 pigs without maternal antibody vaccinated twice with 1 of 2 inactivated PRV vaccines, challenge exposed on PVD 84, and treated with corticosteroids on postchallenge exposure day 63 (PVD 147), 1 was latently infected, as evidenced by the shedding of PRV (experiment 3). However, its sentinel pig remained noninfected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Immune response of pigs inoculated with virulent pseudorabies virus and pigs inoculated with attenuated or inactivated pseudorabies virus vaccine before and after challenge exposure

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibodies, detectable by indirect radioimmunoassay (IRIA), serum-virus neutralization test (NT), or microimmunodiffusion test (MIDT) were developed within 8 days after pigs were inoculated with virulent PRV or attenuated PRV vaccine. Indirect radioimmunoassay and NT titers in pigs inoculated with virulent PRV were developed at the same rate, with IRIA titers being higher than NT titers. Pigs inoculated with attenuated or inactivated PRV vaccine developed peak mean prechallenge NT antibody titers of 4 and 1 (reciprocals of serum dilutions), respectively. Pigs inoculated with attenuated PRV vaccine had peak mean prechallenge IRIA antibody titers of 6, whereas pigs inoculated with inactivated PRV vaccine had mean IRIA antibody titers of 64. Challenge exposure of swine inoculated with attenuated or inactivated PRV vaccine elicited quantitatively equivalent responses, as measured by IRIA or NT, which were higher than prechallenge titers. There were no false-positive IRIA, NT, or MIDT results obtained when sera from nonvaccinated, nonchallenge-exposed pigs were tested. It appears that the PRV infection status of a seropositive swine herd could be ascertained by serologically monitoring several representative animals from a herd, using the NT. If 2 or more tests of representative animals at 14-day intervals were done and the mean NT titer was 4 or less, it could be concluded that the herd was vaccinated against, but not infected with, virulent virus.     

Blocking ELISA to distinguish pseudorabies virus-infected pigs from those vaccinated with a glycoprotein gIII deletion mutant

A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has been developed to distinguish pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected pigs from those immunized with a glycoprotein g92(gIII) deletion mutant, PRV(dlg92dltk). The blocking ELISA utilizes 96-well microtiter test plates coated with a cloned PRV g92(gIII) antigen, a mouse monoclonal antibody against gIII antigen (moMCAgIII): horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) conjugate, and undiluted test sera. Analyses can be completed in less than 3 hours with results printed out by an automated plate reader. Analyses on over 300 pig sera from PRV-free farms, on sera from other species, and on control sera containing antibodies to microorganisms other than PRV showed that the ratio of the optical density at 405 nm for the test sample to the optical density at 405 nm for the negative control (S/N value) was greater than 0.7 for all sera. No false positives were identified. Likewise, the S/N values were greater than 0.7 for over 400 sera obtained from pigs vaccinated twice with more than 1,000 times the standard PRV (dlg92dltk) dose or 1-4 times with the standard dose (2 x 10(5) TCID50/pig). Following challenge exposure to virulent PRV, the S/N values of the vaccinates were 0.1, showing that g92(gIII) antibodies in the sera of experimentally challenged pigs strongly blocked the binding of the moMCAgIII:HRPO conjugate to the antigen-coated wells. Sera of 233 pigs from PRV-infected herds with virus neutralization (VN) titers of 1:4 or greater were tested. All except 2 of these sera had S/N values less than 0.7 and more than 175 had S/N values less than 0.1. Sixteen sera from fetal pigs with VN titers of 1:4 or greater had S/N values of 0.24 or less, but 2 sera with VN titers of 1:4 when tested 5 years prior to the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test gave false negative S/N values. Twenty-four of 29 pig sera from PRV-infected herds with VN titers less than 1:4 were positive for g92(gIII) antibodies, illustrating the sensitivity of the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test. Analyses on 7 sera with VN titers of 1:4-1:64 showed that titers obtained with the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test were from 2- to 16-fold greater than the VN titers. The accuracy and sensitivity of the PRV g92(gIII) blocking ELISA test was further demonstrated by analyses of 40 unknown sera supplied in the National Veterinary Services Laboratories 1988 PRV check test kit.     

Detection of pseudorabies virus infection in subunit-vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs using a nucleocapsid-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The potential of a pseudorabies virus (PRV) nucleocapsid protein (NC)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening assay for PRV infection in subunit-vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs was studied. The NC-ELISA compared favorably to a commercial ELISA for detecting PRV infection in nonvaccinated pigs. Virus-specific antibody was first detected by the NC-ELISA between days 14 and 21 in 5 pigs challenged intranasally with 10(4) PFU of virus. Antibody continued to be detected in these pigs through day 42, when the experiment was terminated. The NC-ELISA also detected antibody in 23 of 24 pigs from PRV-infected herds. In contrast, the commercial ELISA detected antibody 1 week earlier than the NC-ELISA in experimentally infected pigs but failed to detect antibody in 3 naturally exposed pigs that were identified by the NC-ELISA. Infection in these animals was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis. The potential usefulness of the NC-ELISA for detecting infection in vaccinated pigs was also evaluated. The nucleocapsid-specific antibody responses of 10 PRV envelope glycoprotein subunit-vaccinated pigs were monitored prior to and following nasal exposure to a low dose (10(2.3) PFU) of PRV. Sera were collected periodically for 113 days after infection. Nucleocapsid-specific antibody responses measured by the NC-ELISA remained below the positive threshold before challenge but increased dramatically following virus exposure. Maximum ELISA responses were obtained on day 32 postchallenge (p.c.). Mean ELISA responses decreased thereafter but remained well above the positive threshold on day 113 p.c. PRV nucleocapsid protein can be used effectively as antigen in the ELISA for detecting PRV infection in both nonvaccinated and subunit-vaccinated pigs.     

Anamnestic immune response of pigs to pseudorabies virus: latent virus reactivation versus direct oronasal and parenteral exposure to virus.

The humoral antibody response of pseudorabies-immune pigs to reactivation of latent pseudorabies virus (PRV) was compared with the response following direct exposure to virulent PRV. Nine pigs that had been vaccinated for pseudorabies and later exposed to virulent virus to establish latent infection were given dexamethasone to reactivate latent virus (3 pigs), were exposed oronasally and parenterally to virulent virus (3 pigs), or were kept as nontreated controls (3 pigs). Sera collected from all 9 pigs just before and 3 weeks after treatment were tested by virus neutralization and radioimmunoprecipitation. The 3 pigs exposed directly to virulent virus and 2 of the 3 pigs given dexamethasone had a 4-fold or greater increase in neutralizing antibody titer. All 6 of these pigs had an increase in precipitating antibody activity. Precipitation patterns changed both quantitatively and qualitatively, especially for virus-coded proteins of relatively low molecular weight (less than 46 K). There were some differences in the precipitation patterns associated with sera of individual pigs. However, there was no clear indication of any difference between the 2 treatment groups and therefore no evidence that reactivation of latent virus is associated with any unique immunologic response that could be detected by radioimmunoprecipitation and used diagnostically. Clinical signs were limited to the 3 pigs that were exposed oronasally and parenterally to virulent virus even though the dexamethasone-treated pigs shed more virus for much longer than did those exposed directly to virus.     

河南省部分猪群主要疫病疫苗免疫抗体水平监测与效果分析

2009年1月—2011年12月,从河南省信阳和驻马店地区62个猪场共收集免疫过猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)疫苗的猪血液,利用ELISA方法对样品进行抗体水平的检测。结果显示:该地区猪场猪群的疫苗免疫合格率最高是PRV疫苗(87.06%);其次是CSFV疫苗(76.24%);PRRSV和PCV2的疫苗免疫合格率较低,分别为65.20%和50.78%。4种疫苗免疫抗体合格率在不同规模的猪场有较大的差别,规模猪场的猪群某些疫病的抗体未必比散养猪群高。种猪群的4种疫苗的免疫合格率最高,商品猪中各个生长阶段的免疫后抗体合格率比较后发现,断奶仔猪群PRRSV抗体合格率明显高于哺乳仔猪,育肥猪群合格率要比哺乳仔猪群和断奶仔猪群的抗体合格率低。