副猪嗜血杆菌OMP5的克隆表达及其对豚鼠免疫保护作用

根据GenBank中登录的副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5(outer membrane protein P5,OMP5)基因序列设计1对特异性引物,以江西分离株NC0807基因组DNA为模板,扩增出OMP5基因。将其克隆到pET-28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-OMP5,质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析重组蛋白的表达情况和反应原性。重组蛋白经镍柱亲和层析纯化后免疫豚鼠,测定其免疫原性和保护效率。结果表明,重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达。表达的蛋白分子质量约为43 ku,能被副猪嗜血杆菌阳性血清识别。动物试验结果表明,重组蛋白免疫后能诱导产生高水平的OMP5特异性抗体,并可显著保护豚鼠抵抗副猪嗜血杆菌强毒菌株的攻击,提示OMP5是副猪嗜血杆菌的保护性抗原。     

Evaluation of recombinant proteins of Haemophilus parasuis strain SH0165 as vaccine candidates in a mouse model

The recently completed genome sequence of Haemophilus parasuis strain SH0165 allowed us to screen putative OMPs for the development of recombinant vaccines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of three OMPs of H. parasuis. Three putative OMPs (SmpA, YgiW and FOG) were cloned, expressed and purified by Ni affinity chromatography using nitriloacetic acid resin. Mice were immunized either individually (individual protein, IP) or synergistically (synergistic protein, SP) with the recombinant proteins. A significant increase in IgG titer was detected in all protein-immunized mice. Isotyping studies revealed that the antibodies produced were predominantly IgG2a-type, indicating a predominant Th1 response. A significant increase was observed in IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the culture supernatants of splenocytes isolated from immunized mice. Furthermore, mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 6×10(9)CFU (5×LD(50)) of highly virulent homologous serovar 5 strain (SH0165) or 7.0×10(9) CFU (5×LD(50)) of the heterologous serovar 4 strain (MD0322) at fourteen days after the last immunization. All of the recombinant proteins enhanced survival and reduced histopathological lesions. Our results indicated that the three OMPs showed protection both individually and synergistically against infection with the highly virulent H. parasuis in mice.     

副猪嗜血杆菌OMP P5间接ELISA抗体检测方法优化

利用副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)OMP P5基因表达并纯化复性后蛋白作为包被蛋白,通过对最佳加样作用时间的确定和最佳酶标二抗反应时间等条件的探索优化,建立针对副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5(OMPP5)的间接ELISA抗体检测方法,通过对进行和未进行HPS免疫的健康猪血清的检测,证实了建立的间接ELISA方法具有敏感性高、特异性强、反应快速准确等特点,可用于HPS的快速诊断     

Isolation and Identification of Haemophilus parasuis SD02 strain

A bacterial strain was isolated from the sick pigs suspiciously infected by polyserositis and arthritis in a pig farm in Shandong Province,and identified through morphological observation,culture traits,biochemical characteristics and PCR amplification.Additionally,primers were de-signed according to the 16S rRNA sequence of Haemophilus parasuis,and the bacterial strain was amplified by PCR.The amplified fragments of approximately 1 400 bp was sequenced,and aligned with the sequence in Gen Bank.The results showed that it shared the homology of 97%-99%with the 16S rRNA sequence of foreign H.parasuis,and confirmed as H.parasuis(HPS).The strain was determined as serotype 4 through serotype identification.The strain was named SD02.     

Development of a PCR test to diagnose Haemophilus parasuis infections.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed in order to improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosis of Haemophilus parasuis, an economically important respiratory pathogen that affects swine. The gene sequence of the 16S small subunit ribosomal RNA of H. parasuis (GenBank M75065) was compared with 56 16S sequences of related bacteria, including those frequently isolated from pig tissues. Two species-specific primers were designed: HPS forward and HPS reverse. The predicted size of the amplified PCR product was 821 bp. The PCR test could detect a minimum of 102 bacteria and 0.69 pg of DNA. Thirty-one H. parasuis isolates, including 12 different serovars and 19 field isolates, were positive using the PCR test. No amplification was observed when the test was run using DNA from 15 other bacterial species commonly isolated from swine tissues. A weak band was observed when the PCR test was performed using Actinobacillus indolicus DNA as template. Clinical samples tested by PCR included tissues and swabs from 5 animals naturally infected with H. parasuis and 1 experimentally infected animal. The PCR was positive in 26 of 30 clinical samples. Four samples showed weak bands, and these results were not considered positive. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from 18 of 30 of these samples. Tissues from specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs and from unrelated species were negative for H. parasuis isolation and PCR. The developed PCR was successfully used in the diagnosis of H. parasuis infection, especially when compared with traditional microbiology techniques.     

Analyses of Dutch Haemophilus parasuis isolates by serotyping, genotyping by ERIC-PCR and Hsp60 sequences and the presence of the virulence associated trimeric autotransporters marker

In this study, 117 isolates of Haemophilus parasuis from organs and tissues from pigs showing clinical signs, were characterised and compared with 10 H. parasuis reference strains. The isolates were subjected to the 16S rRNA gene PCR and subsequently serotyped, genotyped by 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60) gene sequences, the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and a multiplex PCR for the detection of the vtaA virulence associated trimeric autotransporter genes. Serotyping revealed the presence of 13 H. parasuis serovars. Serovars 3 and 10 were not detected, and 16 of the 117 H. parasuis isolates could not be typed by specific antisera. All isolates were positive in the 16S rRNA gene specific H. parasuis PCR. ERIC-PCR revealed a very heterogeneous pattern with 61 clusters; based on a 90% agreement. In total, 46 different Hsp60 sequence types were detected. Using 98% sequence similarity, as threshold for separation, 22 separate Hsp60 sequence clusters were distinguished. There was no correlation between H. parasuis serovars and ERIC-PCR clusters or Hsp60 sequence types, but both the ERIC-PCR and the Hsp60 sequence typing are suited as markers for H. parasuis molecular-epidemiology studies. In total, 102 H. parasuis swine isolates corresponded to the virulence associated group 1 vtaA type. The group 1 vtaA was detected in 12 different serovars. Only four of the 46 Hsp60 sequence types were not associated with the group 1 vtaA. This study shows that Dutch H. parasuis isolates from pigs with clinical signs have both a high serovar and genotypic lineage diversity. A majority of the known serovars contain the group 1 vtaA.     

Acute phase protein concentrations in colostrum-deprived pigs immunized with subunit and commercial vaccines against Glässer's disease

Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Gl?sser's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis in pigs. This study was focused on the characterization of the acute-phase response after immunization and infection of colostrum-deprived pigs with H. parasuis serovar 5, by measuring serum concentrations of three positive acute-phase proteins (APPs) (pig major acute-phase protein pig, MAP; haptoglobin, HPG; C-reactive protein, CRP) and one negative APP (apolipoprotein A-I, ApoA-I). Six experimental groups were established: a non-immunized but infected control group (CTL); two groups immunized with either a recombinant transferrin-binding protein (Tbp) A or TbpB fragment from H. parasuis Nagasaki strain (rTbpA and rTbpB, respectively); two groups immunized with native outer membrane proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (NPAPT), one of them inoculated intramuscularly (NPAPTim) and the other intratracheally (NPAPTit), and the last group receiving a commercially available bacterin (PG). The greatest concentrations of the three positive APPs and the lowest concentration of the negative APP were detected in CTL group, as well as in those animals belonging to rTbpA or rTbpB groups that died in response to challenge. Significant differences (P<0.005) were found in these groups when comparing challenge with the following days after it. However, no significant differences were seen for the remaining vaccinated groups (NPAPTim, NPAPTit and PG), which were effectively protected against Gl?sser's disease. Therefore, APPs could be used as useful biomarkers for both evaluating disease progression and determining vaccination effectiveness.     

副猪嗜血杆菌rfaD基因的克隆及原核表达

rfaD基因编码ADP-L-甘油-D-甘露庚糖-6-异构体酶,缺失该基因会导致LOS糖链缩短和疏水性增强,从而影响细菌的致病性。为进一步探索副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)ADP-L-甘油-D-甘露庚糖-6-异构体酶的功能,本研究对Hps SC096 株rfaD基因进行克隆及原核表达。根据GenBank上登录的NC_011852序列,设计引物扩增rfaD基因,获得927 bp目的片段,将其克隆至pMD19-T载体。经送样测序鉴定正确后,连接到pET-32a(+)上进行原核表达,并用IPTG诱导,将诱导产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析。SDS-PAGE结果显示,H.parasuis rfaD基因能在E.coli BL21(DE3)中表达,重组蛋白分子质量约为50 ku,与预期分子质量大小一致。Western blotting分析结果表明,该蛋白质能与H.parasuis血清4型阳性高免血清产生特异性结合反应,具较好的反应原性。     

Purification and renaturation of membrane neuraminidase from Haemophilus parasuis

Haemophilus parasuis, which causes polyserositis, polysynovitis, meningitis, septicemia, and pneumonia in pigs, has emerged as an increasing problem in modern swine production systems. Co-factors for and the pathogenesis of H. parasuis disease are not defined. One of the potential virulence factors of H. parasuis is its neuraminidase (sialidase). While purifying the H. parasuis neuraminidase from the membrane fraction, we developed a protocol to renature enzymatic activity after enzyme preparations were resolved electrophorectically in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The H. parasuis neuraminidase co-resolved with recombinant neuraminidase of Vibrio cholera; thus its apparent molecular mass is 82 kilodalton (kDa). The H. parasuis neuraminidase was associated with the membrane fraction and the purification protocol removed over 99% of the H. parasuis cell protein while retaining over 90% of the neuraminidase activity. Purified protein will provide another avenue to clone the neuraminidase gene that has been refractory to cloning and the protocol will be a means to purify recombinant protein.     

副猪嗜血杆菌转铁结合蛋白A基因的分段表达及其免疫原性分析

本研究旨在获得副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)转铁结合蛋白A基因(tbpA)的表达产物(TbpA),并对其免疫原性进行分析鉴定.采用生物信息学方法预测HPS的TbpA抗原表位,根据GenBank上发表的HPS(SH0165株)tbpA的核苷酸序列设计合成3对引物,用PCR从安徽省HPS分离株(LJ3) tbpA中分段扩增出tbpA1、tbpA2和tbpA3,并连接到pET-32a(+)载体上,经BamH Ⅰ和EcoRⅠ双酶切鉴定和测序确认,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中,进行IPTG诱导表达.利用SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白,Western blotting分析重组蛋白的免疫活性;通过小鼠免疫攻毒保护试验和血清杀菌力试验,鉴定重组蛋白的免疫原性以及诱导机体产生保护性免疫反应的能力.结果表明,从HPS(LJ3)tbpA中扩增出与预期设计的1140、897、666 bp大小相符的3个片段(tbpA1、tbpA2、tbpA3),扩增产物连接载体得到重组质粒,在大肠杆菌中实现表达,获得大小为62、54、44 ku的目的蛋白(rTbpA1、rTbpA2、rTbpA3),均能与HPS阳性血清反应.rTbpA1与甲醛灭活菌体对小鼠免疫攻毒的保护率分别为20％和40％,但rTbpA1引起小鼠平均死亡时间显著延迟,兔抗rTbpA1与兔抗HPS(LJ3)血清具有同样显著的杀菌活性.结果显示,成功表达的rTbpA1、rTbpA2、rTbpA3均具有良好的反应原性,其中rTbpA1更具有良好的免疫原性以及诱导机体产生保护性免疫反应的能力,可望成为副猪嗜血杆菌病疫苗和血清学检测的候选成分.     

Cross protection among Haemophilus parasuis strains in immunized gnotobiotic pigs.

In an attempt to establish if cross protection can be induced by different strains of Haemophilus parasuis, three groups of 12 gnotobiotic pigs were immunized each with an aluminum hydroxide adsorbed whole cell bacterin of one of three H. parasuis strains. Two weeks later, four pigs within each vaccinated group were challenged with aerosols of live cultures of each of the three test strains and observed for response. Two virulent strains V1 and V2 protected all the vaccinated pigs, while all nonvaccinated controls succumbed to Glasser's disease when challenged with these strains. Vaccination with strain LV (of low virulence) protected the pigs against challenge with strain V2, but not against strain V1. Strain LV did not cause disease in the immunized animals and only in one of ten nonimmunized pigs upon second challenge. The results suggest that strains may differ in antigenicity and that virulence and immunoprotection are positively related. Strains to be used in commercial vaccines should therefore be selected carefully. Antibodies detected in the sera of vaccinated pigs were to outer membrane proteins of the bacteria, but not to lipopolysaccharides or capsular polysaccharides. This would suggest that for gnotobiotic pigs outer membrane proteins are more immunogenic than lipopolysaccharide or capsular antigens. Further work is needed to determine if outer membrane proteins also contribute protective immunogens.     

副猪嗜血杆菌Plp4蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性分析

为原核表达副猪嗜血杆菌P1p4蛋白,本研究通过PCR方法扩增P1p4全长基因并克隆于pET-28a(+)载体中,将重组质粒转化BL21(DE3)感受态中,采用0.4 mM IPTG经22℃诱导表达了35 ku的重组蛋白.经western blot试验证明Plp4蛋白具有良好的反应原性,免疫6周龄昆明小鼠制备免疫血清,ELISA检测表明制备的抗血清效价在1∶15000以上,表明P1p4蛋白具有良好的免疫原性.     

气肿疽梭菌CctA基因的原核表达及其间接ELISA检测方法的建立

研究旨在原核表达气肿疽梭菌细胞毒素A （CctA）基因,用纯化的重组蛋白建立其间接ELISA检测方法,a。利用大肠杆菌密码子的偏爱性优化CctA基因序列,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a （+）,双酶切鉴定原核表达质粒pET28a-CctA并测序。将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导得到高表达的重组CctA包涵体蛋白。包涵体蛋白变性后经镍（Ni）柱纯化,SDS-PAGE检测其纯化效果。以豚鼠抗气肿疽梭菌抗血清为一抗,用Western blotting方法检测重组CctA蛋白的反应原性。用棋盘滴定法建立间接ELISA检测方法,以复性后的重组CctA蛋白作为检测抗原,摸索抗原包被浓度、封闭液的种类及浓度、抗体的最适稀释度和反应条件等。选用3批气肿疽灭活疫苗免疫豚鼠后采集血清,同时用攻毒和间接ELISA两种方法验证疫苗的免疫效力。质粒双酶切结果显示,得到大小约853 bp的条带,与预期相符,且测序结果正确。SDS-PAGE结果表明,成功表达并纯化大小为35 ku的重组CctA蛋白。Western blotting结果显示,豚鼠抗气肿疽梭菌抗血清与重组CctA蛋白具有良好的反应原性。建立的间接ELISA法的最适条件为：抗原的包被浓度为0.5 μg/mL,于4 ℃包被过夜;封闭液选择10%胎牛血清,37 ℃孵育2 h;二抗的稀释度为1：8 000;室温避光显色10 min后终止反应,测定D_{450 nm}值。当P/N>4.6时,间接ELISA法检测结果与豚鼠攻毒试验结果拟合度较好。本研究成功表达CctA基因并纯化了重组CctA蛋白,建立的以重组CctA蛋白为检测抗原的间接ELISA检测方法,有望成为气肿疽灭活疫苗免疫效果验证的替代方法。     

副猪嗜血杆菌ompP2基因在猪肺泡巨噬细胞中的表达

为了进一步研究副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)ompP2基因的功能,根据已发表的副猪嗜血杆菌核苷酸序列,设计并合成1对引物,PCR扩增HPS LZ株外膜蛋白ompP2基因,获得大小为1 158bp的核苷酸片段,该片段纯化后克隆至pEASY-Blunt载体,转化后鉴定,再与真核表达质粒pCI-neo经过酶切和连接反应,转化感受态大肠杆菌Trans-T1,双酶切鉴定,筛选阳性重组质粒并测序。通过脂质体法将pCI-neoompP2转染猪肺泡巨噬细胞,通过RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测重组质粒是否表达。结果显示,成功构建了含ompP2基因的副猪嗜血杆菌真核表达载体pCI-neo-ompP2,提取转染该质粒的猪肺泡巨噬细胞的mRNA,进行RT-PCR扩增,在1 000bp~2 000bp之间可见1条明显的条带。Western blot发现在42ku处出现目的条带。试验结果为后期研究副猪嗜血杆菌感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞的机理奠定了基础。     

6株副猪嗜血杆菌基因组DNA的PCR指纹图谱研究

根据肠道菌基因闻重复一致序列，设计了一对特异性引物，采用ERIC-PCR和RAPD技术，研究了副猪嗜血杆菌6个分离菌株的指纹图谱和DNA多态性。结果表明，6个分离株的PCR指纹图谱与15个标准血清型指纹图谱相比较可分辨出4种血清型；6个分离株的RAPD研究结果均表现出多态性。有意义的是，6个菌株的多态性DNA片段也能明显将其分为4种类型的副猪嗜血杆菌，与特异性引物PCR结果相一致。该研究可作为流行病学调查和该菌的分子分型快速诊断方法的基础。     

Concurrent highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection accelerates Haemophilus parasuis infection in conventional pigs

This study was aimed at determining the effect of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) on Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) in co-infection. A quantitative real-time PCR targeting infB gene, which is conserved among different HPS serotypes, was developed to improve the accuracy and speed of the detection of HPS. A total of 32 four-week-old conventional pigs were distributed randomly into four groups: pigs in group I were intranasally infected with HP-PRRSV first, and were then intraperitoneally inoculated with HPS on 5 days after HP-PRRSV infection; pigs in group II were intranasally inoculated with HP-PRRSV alone; pigs in group III were intraperitoneally inoculated with HPS alone; pigs in group IV were intraperitoneally inoculated with physiological saline. The amount of HPS in serum on 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days post-inoculation (dpi) with HPS were detected using the established quantitative real-time PCR. Clinical signs, pathological changes and histopathological lesions were observed. The amount of HPS in serum reached 10(6)copies/μl at 3 dpi with HPS in pigs of group I, while it arrived 10(5.7)copies/μl at 9 dpi with HPS in pigs of group III. The HPS loads in hearts and lungs were much higher than in other tissues. The study showed that HP-PRRSV was able to accelerate HPS infection and loads.     

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Haemophilus parasuis antigen distribution in dually infected pigs

Immunohistochemical, viral and bacterial isolation techniques were used to study the distribution and localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Haemophilus (H.) parasuis in experimentally infected pigs. Thirty pigs seronegative to PRRSV and H. parasuis were divided into four groups. Group A pigs (10 animals) were inoculated with both virus and bacteria; group B pigs (10 animals) were inoculated with bacteria, group C pigs (five animals) were inoculated with virus and group D pigs (five animals) were kept as negative controls. All pigs of groups A and C became infected with PRRSV, according to virological techniques used (immunohistochemistry, virus isolation and virus serology). Lung, heart and tonsils were the most frequently immunolabeled tissues, and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells were the target for PRRSV in all tissues. All pigs in groups A and B also became infected with H. parasuis based on immunohistochemical and bacterial isolation results. Serosal surfaces, lung and tonsils were the most frequently immunolabeled tissues, and bacteria were found in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells as well as within neutrophil cytoplasm. No differences in terms of bacterial distribution or localization in tissues of pigs of groups A and B were detected. These results suggest that there is no influence of the previous infection with PRRSV in the occurrence of H. parasuis infection.     

乳胶凝集试验快速检测副猪嗜血杆菌

利用原核表达并经过纯化的副猪嗜血杆菌TbpB N端蛋白及人工合成的特异性多肽制备单克隆抗体,经碳化二亚胺(EDC)将纯化后的单克隆抗体IgG与羧化乳胶共价偶联,并对偶联乳胶的IgG含量及偶联时间等条件进行合理选择,建立了快速检测副猪嗜血杆菌的乳胶凝集试验方法.利用LAT方法检测148株副猪嗜血杆菌疑似菌株,参考16 S rRNA-PCR方法的结果,符合率为83.1%,且致敏乳胶不与临床常见菌株发生凝集反应.结果表明,此检测方法具有操作简便、快速、特异性高的特点,便于在基层推广使用,为副猪嗜血杆菌的诊断和有效防治提供了参考和依据.     

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5的B细胞抗原表位鉴定

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5能诱导机体产生免疫保护反应,同时可以用于特异性的血清学诊断,本试验选取P5蛋白进行抗原表位鉴定。首先通过PCR扩增P5F1（1～204aa）,P5F2（170～296aa）及P5F3（280～371aa）3个片段,PCR产物分别定向克隆到表达载体pET32a（＋）中表达纯化。根据ELISA和Western blotting结果确定P5F3片段（280—371aa）是OmpP5的免疫优势决定区。为了进-步对该免疫优势决定区进行抗原表住鉴定,设计了-套11个部分重叠的短肽,这些短肽覆盖全部280～371aa片段。每-个短肽合成1对寡核苷酸链,退火后插入表达载体pGEX-6p-1,与GST进行融合表达。用HPS阳性血清进行ELISA和Western blotting扫描,鉴定出其表位位于”。TGNTCDAVKGRKALIT351。通过序列分析证实该抗原表位在不同的HPS菌株中高度保守。本试验确定了位于HPSOmpP5上的-个抗原表位,为建立-种方便、快捷、适用于现地大规模样品检测的鉴别诊断方法奠定了基础,同时也为HPS新型亚单位疫苗的研制,以及研究病原茵感染和机体免疫过程中P5蛋白与宿主体内相应分子之间的相互作用提供了有用信息。     

猪瘟病毒石门株NS3蛋白的原核表达及其抗体检测间接ELISA的建立

为配合猪瘟新型疫苗的研发,建立了猪瘟病毒NS3蛋白抗体检测间接ELISA,以期达到有效区分新型疫苗免疫猪与自然感染猪(包括常规疫苗接种猪)的目的。以接种猪瘟病毒(CSFV)石门株的PK-15细胞为模板提取总RNA,经特异性PCR扩增获得长度为2 049bp的CSFV NS3基因,将其克隆至插入了具有自聚集自切割功能短肽的原核表达载体pET-32a(+),在大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)中优化表达CSFV石门株NS3基因。Western blot分析表明重组蛋白NS3具有反应原性。将纯化的重组蛋白NS3作为包被抗原建立检测CSFV NS3抗体的间接ELISA,以美国爱德士(Idexx)猪瘟病毒抗体检测试剂盒抗体检测结果为标准,对502份血清样品进行检测。结果表明,所建立方法的特异性为96.9%,敏感性为89.7%,总符合率为95.8%,为猪瘟新型疫苗的推广应用提供了血清学检测方法。