6个猪种胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)基因座位遗传多态性检测

本文采用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析方法对我国地方猪种民猪、香猪、桃源猪、内江猪、姜曲海猪以及用作对照的国外猪种杜洛克猪的ＩＧＦ－１基因座位进行研究。结果发现：ＩＧＦ－１基因ＰＣＲ扩增片段存在２个限制性内切酶ＨｈａＩ酶切位点，其中１个酶切位点产生遗传多态。此片段上共产生２个等位基因。在ＩＧＦ－１基因位点上，香猪除与桃源猪基因频率差异不显著之外，与其它猪种之间基因频率差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），而其它各猪种之间差异均不显著     

杜大长猪IGF-I基因的克隆及其序列分析

采用ＴＲＩzol法从杜大长杂交猪的肝脏中提出总ＲＮＡ,将其纯化后作为ＰＣＲ扩增模板 ,以设计的Ｐ１（５′－ＣＴＡＣＡＴＴＣＴＧＴＡＧＴＴＣＴＴＧＴＴＴＣＣ－３′）为引物合成ＩＧＦ－Ｉ基因cＤＮＡ的第１链,再以Ｐ１和Ｐ２（５′－ＡＴＧＧＣＣＣＴＧＴＧＣＴＴＧＣＴＣＴＣＣＴＴ－３′）为引物扩增到大小约为３６０bp的产和,并将其达隆至pＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上。经筛选、酶切、我分析,表明该片段为ＩＧＦ－Ｉ基因的cＤＮＡ     

猪干扰素β基因的分子克隆与测序

采用ＰＣＲ技术扩增和克降了猪β干扰素（ＩＦＮ－β）基因。克隆片段长６６８个核苷酸,编码１８６个氨基酸;其中,７６－６３６位含有１个ＯＲＦ,蛋白分子２１．８ＫＤａ。     

猪恶性高温综合征（MHS）基因群体检测及部分片段DNA序列研究

本研究主要包括：（１）建立了猪ＭＨＳ基因检测的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法。该方法具有准确、快速和无侵害的特点；（２）利用猪ＭＨＳ基因的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法对中国现有猪种２０个群体的ＭＨＳ基因座位的基因和基因型频率进行了检测。结果表明，属于中国的本地品种五指山猪、香猪，引进品种约克夏猪，均不含有ＭＨＳ基因；在中国本地品种二花脸猪和民猪中，发现存在ＭＨＳ基因，且民猪的频率较高（０．１５６２）；培育品种北京花猪，引进品种丹系长白猪和杜洛克猪，均有ＭＨＳ基因；引进品种皮特兰猪、比系长白猪，ＭＨＳ基因频率最高，分别为０．９５２０和０．９４３２；（３）猪ＲＹＲ１／ＣＲＣ基因部分ＤＮＡ序列品种间比较，ＭＨＳＮＮ香猪和二花脸猪的１８４３位为“Ｃ”，而ＭＨＳｎｎ为“Ｔ”；同时还发现一些单碱基的差异     

应用RT—PCR技术扩增禽传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因的研究

选择Ｓ１基因做为目的基因,运用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术分别扩增１２株以非免疫鸡胚繁殖并通过超速离心浓缩的鸡胚尿囊液中的ＩＢＶ,所用引物为ＩＢＶ Ｂｅａｕｄｅｔｔｅ株Ｓ１基因两侧的对应序列,跨幅为１．７２ｋｂ。结果６株ＩＢＶ毒株（ＳＡＩＢ３、Ｆ、Ｄ４１、Ｈ５２、Ｈｏｌｔｅ）扩增出了长约１．７ｋｂ的Ｓ１基因片段,而另６株ＩＢＶ毒株虽经４次ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ重复后也显阴性。用ＨａｅⅢ内切酶对６个毒株的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ产物     

氟烷基因型PCR—RFLP诊断技术在种猪性能测定中应用

在国内首先将氟烷基因型ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ诊断技术用于种猪性能测定中心的种猪测定。通过从猪毛、猪血中提取的ＤＮＡ，用特异性的引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增均能得到６５９ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片断，并用ＨｈａⅠ内切酶消化ＰＣＲ产物，酶切结果能准确检测猪应激综合症，即ＲＹＲ１基因（氟烷基因）的突变。在测定的长白、约克、杜洛克猪中，发现长白猪Ｈａ１＾ｎ基因基因频率较其它品种高，为９．０％，杜洛克为４．２％，在大约克中未发现。     

二花脸与大约克猪21-羟化酶基因位点限制性片段长度多态性比较

本研究采用ＲＦＬＰｓ分析方法对１２头无亲缘关系的二花脸和１２头无亲缘关系的大约克猪的２１－羟化酶基因位点限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰｓ）类型进行比较研究,结果５种限制性内切酶（ＢａｎⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＫｐｎⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ和ＴａｑⅠ）在２品种中形成了Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｇ、Ｈ、Ｉ９种ＲＦＬＰｓ类型。其中大约克出现Ａ～Ｈ８种类型,而二花脸只有Ⅰ类型,表明大约克和二花脸在此基因位点存在显著差异。     

我国鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方性流行毒株S1基因的RT-PCR扩增及其克隆与鉴定

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,以ＩＢＶＳ１全基因特异性引物分别从我国华东（ＨＤ）、华北（ＨＢ）、华中（ＨＺ）、华南（ＨＮ）、西北（ＸＢ）及东北（ＤＢ）等地的ＩＢＶ流行株基因组中扩增出预期的１．７ｋｂ左右的ＤＮＡ片段。ＰＣＲ产物的ＨａｅＩＩ酶切分析及其与英国ＩＢＶＳ１全基因核酸探针的分子杂交证实所获６个ＩＢＶ流行株的ＰＣＲ产物为ＩＢＶＳ１基因。将此６个毒株的Ｓ１基因ＰＣＲ产物分别进行５’和３’端的ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄＩＩ酶切识别位点的分子修饰之后插入到克隆质粒ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨＩ／ＨｉｎｄＩＩ位点,在大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的分子克隆。Ｓ１基因的ＲＦＬＰ分析表明我国ＩＢＶ已有分子水平的变异。     

应用RT-PCR技术扩增禽传染性支气管炎病毒S_1基因的研究

选择Ｓ１基因做为目的基因,运用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术分别扩增１２株以非免疫鸡胚繁殖并通过超速离心浓缩的鸡胚尿囊液中的ＩＢＶ,所用引物为ＩＢＶＢｅａｕｄｅｔｔｅ株Ｓ１基因两侧的对应序列,跨幅为１．７２ｋｂ。结果６株ＩＢＶ毒株（ＳＡＩＢ３、Ｆ、Ｄ４１、Ｍ４１、Ｈ５２、Ｈｏｌｔｅ）扩增出了长约１．７ｋｂ的Ｓ１基因片段,而另６株ＩＢＶ毒株虽经４次ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ重复后也显阴性。用ＨａｅⅢ内切酶对６个毒株的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ产物进行酶切,结果显示Ｍ４１、Ｈ５２、Ｄ４１３个ＩＢＶ毒株的Ｓ１基因包含两个ＨａｅⅢ位点,Ｆ株与Ｈｏｌｔｅ株Ｓ１基因包含１个ＨａｅⅢ位点,而ＳＡＩＢ３株Ｓ１基因则已丢失ＨａｅⅢ位点。实验结果表明：运用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术检测ＩＢＶ时,由于Ｓ１基因的核酸序列具有较高的变异率,因此Ｓ１基因不宜做为目的基因。     

犬γ干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已发表的犬γ干扰素（Ｃａ－ＩＦＮ－ｒ）ｃＤＮＡ序列设计引物,用植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）有机锗（Ｇｅ－１３２）刺激体外培养的犬脾细胞产生ＩＦＮ,提取ＩＦＮｍＲＮＡ,并以其为模板进行返转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）扩增出４８０ｂｐ基因片段。经酶切鉴定后将其克隆到ｐＵＣ１９的ＳｍａⅠ,构建重组质粒ｐＵＣ．ＩＦＮ。经酶切、ＰＣＲ及序列分析鉴定,可证明克隆的基因为犬γ干扰素,与所发表的核苷酸序列同源率为９     

Genetic structure of pig breeds from Korea and China using microsatellite loci analysis

To understand molecular genetic characteristics of Korean pigs, the genetic relationships of nine pig breeds including two Korean pigs (Korean native pig and Korean wild pig), three Chinese pigs (Min pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig), and four European breeds (Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) were characterized from a 16-microsatellite loci analysis. The mean heterozygosity within breeds ranged from 0.494 to 0.703. Across multiple loci, significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in most pig breeds, except for two Chinese pigs (Min pig and Wuzhishan pig). This deviation was in the direction of heterozygote deficit. Across population loci, 36 of 144 significantly deviated (P < 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean FST, a measure of genetic divergence among subpopulations, of all loci indicated that 26.1% of total variation could be attributed to the breed difference. Relationship trees based on the Nei's DA genetic distance and scatter diagram from principal component analysis consistently displayed pronounced genetic differentiation among the Korean wild pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig. Individual assignment test using a Bayesian method showed 100% success in assigning Korean and Chinese individual pigs into their correct breeds of origin and 100% exclusion success from all alternative reference populations at P < 0.001. These findings indicate that the Korean native pig has been experiencing progressive interbreeding with Western pig breeds after originating from a North China pig breed with a black coat color. Considering the close genetic relationship of Korean pigs to the Western breeds such as Berkshire and Landrace, our findings can be used as valuable genetic information for the preservation and further genetic improvement of the Korean native pig.     

6个猪品种CD53基因中结构变异SV184分布频率的研究

基于香猪全基因组重测序数据,在白细胞表面抗原CD53基因中筛选到一个结构变异（structure variant,SV）184,为了探索不同猪品种间此结构变异是否存在多态性变化,本试验选择香猪、大白猪、糯谷猪、柯乐猪、江口萝卜猪和荣昌猪作为试验动物,采用PCR方法对猪群中SV184的分布频率进行比较研究,应用RT-PCR技术,分析CD53基因的原初转录本序列结构,研究SV184对CD53基因的转录是否有直接影响。结果显示,6个猪品种中SV184的分布频率存在明显差异,香猪以VN基因型为主,其他5个猪品种是NN基因型占优势;计算两种等位基因的频率,香猪以缺失的V等位基因为主,其他5个猪品种以正常的N等位基因为主。选择3种基因型个体的血液样本,逆转录后分析CD53基因的原初转录本的序列,从中检测到缺失型和不缺失的两种转录本形式,提示SV184对CD53基因的转录无直接影响。SV184可作为分子标记用于区分香猪和其他猪品种。     

3个地方猪品种BOLL和STRA8基因结构变异位点的群体分布研究

为了探讨BOLL-I6-sv285（15号染色体BOLL基因第6内含子）和STRA8-I4-sv447（18号染色体STRA8基因第4内含子）这两个结构变异在地方猪与欧洲猪品种中的群体分布差异,试验采用PCR方法对从江香猪、江口萝卜猪、荣昌猪和大白猪4个猪品种进行基因分型,并通过在线软件miRBase、UCSC、RegRNA 2.0对结构变异序列所含的功能元件进行分析。结果显示,BOLL-I6-sv285为一段285 bp的插入,经群体验证,3个地方猪品种以DI和DD基因型为主,I等位基因的频率高于大白猪,插入基因型（Ⅱ）对应较高的产仔数,基因型与从江香猪产仔数之间呈显著相关（P<0.05）;STRA8-I4-sv447为一段447 bp的插入突变,群体中DD基因型占优势,从江香猪、江口萝卜猪和大白猪的I等位基因频率高于荣昌猪,插入基因型（Ⅱ）对应较低的产仔数,基因型与从江香猪产仔数之间呈显著相关（P<0.05）。本试验鉴定的BOLL-I6-sv285和STRA8-I4-sv447两个结构变异可作为从江香猪产仔数的候选分子标记。     

猪垂体特异性转录因子基因多态性的研究

对香猪、上海白猪、大约克夏猪的垂体特异性转录因子(PIT-1)基因进行了单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分析。结果显示:在3个猪种PIT-1基因的第5和第6外显子中均未发现SNP;而在第4外显子中出现SNP,即在公布序列的第272位上有1/2的大约克夏猪为碱基C,其余1/2的大约克夏猪和全部的香猪、上海白猪均发生了C→T突变,这是一个沉默突变。根据研究结果推测,PIT-1基因第4外显子中的碱基突变及这3个外显子的序列状况可能与香猪的矮小性无关。     

The phylogenetic status of typical Chinese native pigs: analyzed by Asian and European pig mitochondrial genome sequences

China is one of the most diverse countries, which have developed 88 indigenous pig breeds. Several studies showed that pigs were independently domesticated in multiple regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin and evolution of Chinese pigs using complete mitochondrial genomic sequences (mtDNA) from Asian and European domestic pigs and wild boars. Thirty primer pairs were designed to determine the mtDNA sequences of Xiang pig, Large White, Lantang, Jinhua and Pietrain. The phylogenetic status of Chinese native pigs was investigated by comparing the mtDNA sequences of complete coding regions and D-loop regions respectively amongst Asian breeds, European breeds and wild boars. The analyzed results by two cluster methods contributed to the same conclusion that all pigs were classified into two major groups, European clade and Asian clade. It revealed that Chinese pigs were only recently diverged from each other and distinctly different from European pigs. Berkshire was clustered with Asian pigs and Chinese pigs were involved in the development of Berkshire breeding. The Malaysian wild boar had distant genetic relationship with European and Asian pigs. Jinhua and Lanyu pigs had more nucleotide diversity with Chinese pigs although they all belonged to the Asian major clade. Chinese domestic pigs were clustered with wild boars in Yangtze River region and South China.     

荣昌猪和两种小型猪遗传背景的微卫星分析

荣昌猪是我国优良地方品种,巴马香猪和贵州小型香猪为我国独特小型猪品系。本研究采用美国猪基因组协作计划推荐的19个微卫星标记对荣昌猪、荣昌猪B系、巴马香猪、贵州小型香猪及外来猪种大白猪进行了遗传学检测和分析。结果表明:19个微卫星位点在群体中均表现为多态,每位点等位基因数10~23个。5个猪种中荣昌猪B系的遗传多样性最高,荣昌猪次之;2种小型猪的遗传多样性较低,其中巴马香猪的等位基因数(121个)略大于贵州小型香猪(114个),但其遗传多样性指数(平均期望杂合度0.6535±0.0347)小于贵州小型香猪(0.6919±0.0227),反映了巴马香猪较低的基因杂合度和较小的遗传变异;大白猪的遗传多样性最低。从品系的共有等位基因来看,荣昌猪B系基因背景组成中其亲本品系荣昌猪所占比例(30.22%)要大于大白猪(24.37%);大白猪和其他4个猪群体的共享等位基因数均较低(21.24%~25.12%);巴马香猪和贵州小型香猪之间共有等位基因数最高(45.06%)。采用基于遗传距离的NJ法和基于基因频率的最大似然法进行系统聚类,除了大白猪明显为独立分支及荣昌猪B系表现出较远的聚类关系外,其他3个猪种间的聚类有所不同。     

Polymorphism of SNP Site rs80894395 and its Association with the Body Size of Xiang Pig

To explore the functional genes affecting the growth and development of Xiang pig, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site rs80894395, located at intron 10 of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2) gene was screened out by Illumina Porcine SNP60K chip, which showed a weak association with the abdomen circumference of pig.Further, the genotypes of site rs80894395 in 520 female Xiang pigs were detected using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method, taking 43 Yorkshire pigs and 36 Kele pigs as control groups.All of CC, CT and TT genotypes were detected from the three pig breeds.The dominant genotype of Xiang pig was CT genotype and it was positively weak-associated with its body measurement indexes including body weight, body length, and abdomen circumference.The CC genotype was dominant genotype in Yorkshire pig, and the frequency of T allele was extremely significant decreased compared with that of Xiang pig (P<0.01).There was no difference in the frequencies of CC and CT genotypes in Kele pig, and its allele frequencies was not significantly different compared with that of Xiang or Yorkshire pig breeds (P>0.05).A splice-site nearby site rs80894395 was found out using bioinformatics prediction software, which might affect the splicing process of GALNT2 gene.It suggested that site rs80894395 might have a connection with the growth and development of Xiang pig.     

香猪SNP位点rs80894395的多态性及其与体尺指标之间的关联研究

为了探究影响香猪生长发育的功能基因,本试验利用Illumina Porcine SNP60K芯片筛选出N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶2(polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2,GALNT2)基因内含子10中一个与腹围呈弱相关的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点rs80894395。在此基础上应用等位基因特异性PCR(allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR)技术检测520头雌性香猪群体中该位点的基因型,并与43头大白猪、36头柯乐猪相比较。结果表明,从3个猪群体中检测到rs80894395位点的CC、CT和TT3种基因型;其中香猪群体以CT为优势基因型,且基因型与香猪的体重、体长和腹围呈弱的正相关;大白猪群体以CC基因型为主,T等位基因频率较香猪极显著减少(P<0.01);柯乐猪群体中CC与CT基因型频率相等,与香猪和大白猪的基因频率间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。生物信息学分析表明,rs80894395位点可能影响GALNT2基因的剪接过程。rs80894395与香猪的生长发育可能有一定的联系。     

贵州地方猪品种毛色与KIT基因拷贝数之间的关联分析

为了研究KIT基因的拷贝数与贵州地方猪毛色之间的关系,本试验以黔北黑猪、柯乐猪、糯谷猪、香猪4个地方品种为试验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测基因组中KIT基因的拷贝数变异,并与荣昌猪和大白猪2个白毛色猪品种相比较.结果显示,4个贵州地方猪种中,全黑/全棕毛色个体的KIT基因拷贝数以缺失为主,黑色带白斑个体的KIT基因拷贝数全部缺失,而棕色带白个体的KIT基因拷贝数增加、正常各半.大白猪的KIT基因拷贝数显著增加,荣昌猪KIT基因拷贝数以正常类型为主.表明大白猪的白毛色由KIT基因拷贝数增加决定,但荣昌猪的白毛色可能与KIT基因的拷贝数变异之间没有直接的联系;4个贵州地方品猪的全黑/全棕色毛色与KIT基因拷贝数的缺失有关,但柯乐猪和香猪中带白斑个体的KIT基因拷贝数并未增加,提示贵州地方猪品种的白斑毛色的形成机制有一定的特殊性.