新疆石河子地区某规模化猪场断奶仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及临床防治

本试验从新疆石河子地区某规模化猪场采集疑似由副猪嗜血杆菌引起的病变组织,进行实验室分离鉴定,确诊为副猪嗜血杆菌致病。对患病的3头猪进行治疗发现,恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、林克霉素对该病都有很好的效果,对于感染严重的猪只建议使用头孢喹肟、头孢噻呋,同时建议对全群用恩诺沙星和替米考星配合拌料或用氟苯尼考和替米考星配合拌料进行药物预防。规模化猪场为防止该病的发生,还应选择正规厂家的药物进行治疗,注意猪场的严格消毒,做好猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪圆环病毒2型的免疫,防止继发感染。     

达氟沙星对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的体外药效研究

为了解猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对达氟沙星的敏感性和达氟沙星的杀菌效果,收集和分离48株猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法和菌落计数法对体外药物敏感性试验和生长曲线、杀菌曲线进行了研究。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对氨苄西林、磺胺异恶唑、头孢噻呋、大观霉素、黏菌素耐药率高,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、复方新诺明、氟苯尼考、多西环素、庆大霉素、四环素、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、达氟沙星敏感。达氟沙星最小抑菌浓度(MIC)集中在0.0078μg/m L。达氟沙星浓度在MIC及以上时,随浓度升高,杀菌时间缩短,为典型的浓度依赖型抗生素。该试验结果可用于指导猪传染性胸膜肺炎的临床预防和治疗。     

重庆市万州区某规模化猪场副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解重庆市万州区某规模化猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病的感染情况,从而实施有效的防控,采集该猪场疑似副猪嗜血杆菌感染病猪肺脏、支气管、心包积液等病料进行病原菌的分离培养,分离得到一株革兰氏阴性细菌,对分离到的菌株进行形态学观察、培养特性和生化试验鉴定,并进行了药敏试验。结果表明:分离株为副猪嗜血杆菌;分离株对氟苯尼考、替米考星、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻呋晶体、恩诺沙星、头孢喹肟敏感,对阿莫西林、环丙沙星、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶、庆大霉素耐药。     

副猪嗜血杆菌河南分离株的分离鉴定及药敏试验

通过对河南省某规模化猪场出现疑似副猪嗜血杆菌感染的病猪进行病理剖检,及细菌分离培养、生化鉴定和药敏试验。结果表明,分离到的致病菌经形态特征和生化反应鉴定,有3株为副猪嗜血杆菌。药敏试验显示3株分离菌对左旋氧氟沙星均高敏,对恩诺沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋钠为高度或中度敏感,而对替米考星、阿莫西林、氨苄西林等有耐药性。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

福建省某猪场猪出现呼吸困难、气喘和咳嗽,病死猪肺脏有纤维素性胸膜肺炎病变,从病变肺脏中分离出一株革兰氏阴性短小球杆菌,生化试验表明,该菌能发酵木糖、甘露醇、麦芽糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖。经PCR扩增、克隆和测序确定该菌为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌。动物试验表明,该菌对小鼠具有致病性。药敏试验显示,该分离菌株只对阿莫西林、头孢噻肟和青霉素这3种药物敏感,而对氟苯尼考、替米考星、四环素、链霉素、强力霉素、环丙沙星、林可霉素、壮观霉素和磺胺嘧啶钠呈现耐药现象。该研究为猪场用药提供了参考依据。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清5型的分离鉴定

新疆奇台和昌吉市规模化猪场发生育肥猪急性死亡,疑似猪传染性胸膜肺炎,采集病料进行细菌的分离培养、PCR检测、药敏试验及小鼠致病性试验。结果分离获得猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌奇台株2株,昌吉株1株。PCR分型鉴定均为血清5型。致病性试验显示,分离株均可致死小鼠。对氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等抗生素敏感。结论,确诊病原为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清5型。血清5型已成为新疆地区致死率较高的流行血清型。     

家禽常见药物有哪些

正治疗细菌全身感染的药物:头孢三一嗪、头孢噻呋、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、沙拉沙星等。治疗败血型大肠杆菌的药物:头孢类、氟苯尼考、阿米考星、沙拉沙星、二氟沙星等。治疗肠炎型大肠杆菌的药物:安普霉素、新霉素、粘杆菌素、烟酸诺氟沙星、庆大霉素等。治疗支原体的药物:罗红霉素、泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、替米考星、红霉素、氧氟沙星、强力霉素等。治疗坏死性肠炎的药物:痢菌净、青霉素、林可霉素、新     

家禽常见敏感药物

正1)治疗细菌全身感染的药物。头孢噻呋、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、沙拉沙星等。2)治疗败血型大肠杆菌的药物。头孢类、氟苯尼考、阿米考星、沙拉沙星、二氟沙星等。3)治疗肠炎型大肠杆菌的药物。安普霉素、新霉素、粘杆菌素、烟酸诺氟沙星、庆大霉素等。4)治疗支原体的药物。罗红霉素、泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、替米考星、红霉素、氧氟沙星、强力霉素等。     

地锦草与10种抗菌药联用对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果

为了观察地锦草与阿莫西林等抗菌药物联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,试验采用琼脂稀释法分别测定地锦草与10种抗菌药物联用的抑菌作用,并与地锦草和抗菌药物单独应用时的抑菌效果相比较。结果表明:12株大肠杆菌对抗菌药物呈现多重耐药性,地锦草对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度范围为7.812 5~31.250 mg/mL;地锦草与头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、多西环素联用时的抑菌协同率为58.3%~83.3%,与阿米卡星、大观霉素、恩诺沙星、黏菌素联用时的抑菌颉颃率为58.3%~100%,与阿莫西林、安普霉素联用时显示无关或颉颃作用。说明地锦草可以增强头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、多西环素对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,可以颉颃阿米卡星、大观霉素、恩诺沙星、黏菌素对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用。     

闽北地区副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从闽北地区16个规模化猪场分离到5株病原菌,经过分离纯化、形态学观察、细菌生化鉴定、PCR鉴定以及测序分析,分离菌株与已知的副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)菌株16S rRNA序列同源性均在96%以上,确定5株病原菌均为副猪嗜血杆菌。通过致病性试验表明:分离菌株均有一定的致病性,其中Hps-jo株分离菌致死率达83.3%。细菌药敏试验表明:分离菌株对头孢噻呋、头孢氨苄、氟苯尼考敏感;对万古霉素、强力霉素、四环素、多黏菌素中度敏感;对环丙沙星、阿莫西林、恩诺沙星低、链霉素、TMP、新霉素耐药率达100%。试验结果为闽西地区副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供了参考。     

硫酸安普霉素与其他药物配伍的体外抑菌试验

为了解硫酸安普霉素与其他抗菌药物配伍对兽医临床常见病原微生物的作用,应用试管二倍稀释法和杯碟法进行了体外抑菌实验,测定了硫酸安普霉素与9种抗菌药物配伍对猪、鸡大肠杆菌的抑菌圈和最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,硫酸安普霉素与青霉素、阿莫西林、强力霉素、硫氰酸红霉素等配伍对猪大肠杆菌具有一定的协同抗菌作用,与TMP、青霉素、阿莫西林、强力霉素、硫氰酸红霉素等配伍对鸡大肠杆菌具有一定的协同抗菌作用。     

广东地区鸭疫里氏杆菌的血清型及抗药性情况调查

对2006~2008年间从广东省规模化鸭场罹患鸭传染性浆膜炎的病鸭中分离的鸭疫里氏杆菌的血清型和抗药性流行情况进行了调查和分析。在122个鸭场中共分离鉴定出鸭疫里氏杆菌86株。平板凝集试验结果表明血清1型菌株有81株,占总分离株的94.18%;其他血清型有8型2株,4型、3型和10型各1株,提示血清1型仍是广东省流行的优势血清型。以纸片法测定所分离菌株对氟苯尼考等13种常用抗菌药物的敏感性,结果显示广东地区鸭疫里氏杆菌抗药性严重,其中仅对阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、头孢噻吩和氟苯尼考相对敏感,敏感菌株的比例分别为82.55%、77.91%、82.55%和81.39%,对其他抗菌药物均有抗性,75.58%的菌株同时对5种以上的抗菌药物具有多重抗药性,且不同地区鸭疫里氏杆菌分离株的药物敏感性也存在明显差异。     

安徽省某鸭场鸭疫里氏杆菌的分离鉴定

对安徽省某鸭场病鸭的临床症状及剖检病变进行分析和细菌分离,并对分离的细菌进行形态培养、PCR检测和克隆测序,初步鉴定疑似为鸭疫里氏杆菌的有2株,分别命名为AH-1和AH-2,同时将测序结果与GenBank上公布的序列AY606207进行比对,结果发现AH-1和AH-2与其同源性分别为97．0％和100．0％。给健康鸭注射该分离茵可复制出心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎等典型病理变化并引起死亡。药敏试验结果表明,这2株分离菌对头孢唑林、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、氨苄青霉素高度敏感,对罗红霉素、利福平中度敏感,对庆大霉素、丁胺卡那、红霉素、氧氟沙星、强力霉素不敏感,对链霉素、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星完全耐药。     

一例鸡大肠杆菌病的病原分离鉴定

为确诊某养鸡场发病的原因,采集临床病死鸡的肝脏、脾脏进行细菌分离培养,并通过细菌形态学观察、生化试验、分子生物学鉴定和药物敏感性试验.结果:分离细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,菌落形态和生化鉴定特征与大肠杆菌相符;16S rDNA PCR扩增及基因同源性分析确定为大肠杆菌;菌株对安普霉素、泰妙菌素、多西环素、硫酸粘菌素较敏感,对替米考星、泰万菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、泰乐菌素、阿莫西林存在耐药性.     

甘肃省CSF、PCV-2、PRRS、PR和PCP的流行病学调查与分析

对甘肃省内规模和散养临床发病猪病料,采用PCR和细菌分离鉴定方法进行CSFV、PR、PRRS和PCV-2四种主要病毒病病原学检测和PCP放线杆菌分离鉴定。5年共检测病死猪病料1213份,CSF、PCV-2、PRRS、PR、PCP的平均阳性率分别为42.8%、34.3%、31.8%、30.2%、33.5%;5年共检测养殖场/户326个,5种病的检出率分别为62.6%、15.3%、14.7%、18.4%、21.5%。养殖场/户猪群疫病的感染以混合感染为主,混合感染占检测病例总数的62.6%,五种病混合感染分别占各自感染例数的为54.9%、92.0%、75.0%、80.0%、82.9%。其中二重感染占80.4%。形式以CSF+PCP、CSF+PR、CSF+PRRS和PCV-2+PRRS居多,CSF单独感染占所有单独感染病例的75.4%。     

Feed supplemented with 3 different antibiotics improved food intake and decreased the activation of the humoral immune response in healthy weaned pigs but had differing effects on intestinal microbiota

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 3 antibiotics used for pulmonary pathologies added in the feed of weaned pigs on growth performance, commensal microbiota, and immune response. At weaning, a total of 72 pigs were randomly assigned by BW and litter to 1 of the following diets: control (typical weaning diet), control + 400 mg of tilmicosin/kg, control + 600 mg of amoxicillin/kg, and control + 300 mg of doxycycline/kg. Individually penned pigs were slaughtered after 3 wk (12 pigs/treatment) or 4 wk (6 pigs/treatment). During the fourth week, all pigs received the control diet to test the residual effect of the antimicrobial supplementation. The antibiotic supplementation increased growth and feed intake during the first week (P < 0.01) and over the first 3 wk combined (P < 0.05). Gain-to-feed ratio tended to improve during the first week (P = 0.076) by the antibiotics compared with the control. Among the antibiotic treatments, no difference was observed in ADG and feed intake, which were also unchanged by the diet in the fourth week. The fecal enterobacteria counts were increased by amoxicillin on d 14 and 21 (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) and were decreased by tilmicosin (P < 0.001) compared with the control. Amoxicillin decreased lactic acid bacteria (P < 0.01) counts compared with the control. The antibiotic supplementation tended to decrease total bacteria variability in the jejunum (Shannon index, P = 0.091) compared with the control. The antibiotic treatment decreased the mean total serum IgM concentration (P = 0.016) after 3 wk and did not change the mucosal histomorphometry of the small intestine. For tilmicosin, the observed positive action on piglet performance and feed intake can originate by the decreased costs of immune activation determined by the action on intestinal microbiota. For amoxicillin and doxycycline, the observation on intestinal and fecal microbiota seems to be not sufficient to explain their growth-promoting effect.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and pigs

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined for Pasteurella multocida from cattle and pigs (72 and 68 isolates, respectively). Higher MICs were observed with oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tilmicosin and thiamphenicol for porcine isolates than for bovine isolates. Enrofloxacin was the most active, with an MIC for 90% of the isolates (MIC90) of 0.05 microg/ml for both bovine and porcine isolates. Aspoxicillin exhibited the same excellent activity against penicillin-susceptible isolates as ceftiofur, with MICs ranging from < or = 0.025 to 0.1 microg/ml. Aminoglycosides were less active, with an MIC90 of > 100 microg/ml for both bovine and porcine isolates.     

SI与APP、PRRS、PCV－2和Mhyo交叉感染的血清学调查

对甘肃省健康规模猪场和发病（非流感）规模猪场进行H1N1和H3N2猪流感（SI）感染抗体检测,健康规模猪场H1N1SI和H3N2SI混合感染抗体阳性率为25．45％（28／110）;发病（非流感）规模猪场H1N1SI和H3N2SI混合感染抗体阳性率为25．97％（20／77）。对两个规模猪场1、6、7和10月份的抗体检测结果,平均抗体阳性率分别为21．27％、56．14％、75％和15．62％。H1N1和／或H3N2SI阳性猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎（APP）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PARS）、猪圆环病毒病（PCV-2）和猪支原体肺炎（Mhyo）感染抗体平均阳性率依次分别为50．79％、40．32％、43．82％和33．33％;猪传染性胸膜肺炎（APP）免疫抗体平均保护率为49．5％,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、猪圆环病毒病（PCV-2）和猪支原体肺炎（Mhyo）免疫抗体阳性率依次分别为56．52％、47．92％和38．04％。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、圆环病毒2型、奇异变形杆菌混合感染病例的病原学诊断

为确诊贵州省都匀市某养殖场的猪死亡病因,采集病死猪病料进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型核酸检测,细菌分离鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果:猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测和猪圆环病毒2型PCR检测核酸均为阳性,其余病毒核酸检测均为阴性。细菌分离培养表明存在细菌感染,分子生物学鉴定为奇异变形杆菌;分离菌对硫酸安普霉素、硫酸粘菌素、盐酸大观霉素+盐酸林可霉素、氟苯尼考较敏感,对多种药物产生耐药。结论:确诊病例为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、奇异变形杆菌混合感染。     

Comparative study of serological methods for the detection of antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

A comparison was made of serological diagnostic methods used for the detection of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. In the "phase I" PRRS test panel comparison, a panel of sera collected from 135 pigs of various ages, from North American herds with and without PRRS histories, were sent to 4 different laboratories and tested by an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). In the "phase II" PRRS test panel comparison, a panel of 382 sera collected from pigs of various ages, PRRS histories, and from various locations in North America and France, were divided into 2 panels (A & B) and sent to 3 Canadian laboratories and tested by the IFA and iELISA. In the phase I comparison, agreement between the IFA of laboratory 4 and the iELISA and IPMA of laboratory 3 was excellent (kappa values of 95% and 98%, respectively). This contrasted with the poor agreement between these laboratories and the IFA results of laboratories 1 and 2 in the phase I trial. In the phase II comparison, the results demonstrated good agreement between various tests both within and between laboratories. The overall performance of the iELISA was superior in the combination of sensitivity (96.1%) and specificity (100%) relative to the reference classification of the serum samples and repeatability (kappa value 98%). The iELISA is technically superior to IFA and IPMA, time efficient, cost effective and suitable for testing of a large number of samples over a short period of time. Thus, the iELISA may be a better alternative to IFA or IPMA for routine detection of PRRS viral antibodies in swine sera.