伪狂犬病病毒免疫刺激复合物(ISCOM)的制备及其免疫效果检测

制备了伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白免疫刺激复合物(ISCOM).在电镜下呈典型笼状结构,直径约为40 nm.其中抗原成分经SDS-PAGE电泳只出现一条带.用所制备的ISCOM 10μg为一头份免疫兔,中和抗体的最高效价为1:45,ELISA抗体效价最高可达1:128,两者均高于相同头份的亚单位疫苗、灭活疫苗及弱毒疫苗.ISCOM免疫兔后,攻击100 LD50闽A株强毒,保护率为100%.     

禽副粘病毒2型标准株和国内分离株的透射电镜及免疫电镜观察

将禽副粘病毒2型的标准毒株Yucaipa病毒和国内分离株F4、F6和F8株分别接种SPF鸡胚，收获鸡胚尿囊液；经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心后，分别制备电镜样品和免疫电镜样品；经10g/L醋酸双氧铀负染后电镜观察病毒粒子形态。电镜下病毒粒子大小差别较大，形态呈圆形成椭圆型，直径150－300nm，有结构致密的基质蛋白膜，有的囊膜外可见纤突。免疫电镜样品中毒病明显集中，便于观察。     

伪狂犬病病毒研究概况

伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)在猪群中具有传播快、流行范围广、传播途径多等特点,给世界养猪业造成了巨大损失。目前,PRV的基因组测序工作已基本完成,但对其各基因功能的研究还不全面。间质蛋白和囊膜蛋白是病毒的重要组成部分,一旦缺失会严重影响病毒的生理机能,这为基因工程疫苗的制备提供了基础。随着对PRV研究的不断深入,PRV载体也成为了病毒载体研究领域的一大热点。论文对PRV的基因组结构、蛋白及其功能、复制方式等方面进行了综述,旨在为该病的诊断、免疫机理研究与疫病防控提供借鉴。     

山东省传染性支气管炎病毒分离株的电镜观察

从山东省分离到4株病毒株，经病理剖检、鸡胚传代，血凝检测、动物回归、电镜和免疫电镜观察确证为传染性支气管炎病毒。将分离毒分别接种SPF鸡胚，制备各自的阳性血情，经磷钨酸负染，电镜和免疫电镜观察。可见到典型的冠状病毒粒子，病毒的直径界于60－200mm之间，呈多形性，有囊膜，个别有纤突。病毒大量聚集，各株病毒在形态上无差异。     

鸡沙门氏菌外膜蛋白亚单位疫苗的研究

用十二烷酰肌氨酸法提取鸡沙门氏菌外膜蛋白（OMP）作为抗原，制备免疫激发复合物型（Immunostimulating Complex,ISCOM）亚单位疫苗。ISCOM型OMP亚单位疫苗在电镜下可笼型颗粒结构，直径为60mm-120nm。无菌性检测结果为无菌，具有可靠的安全性。对3周龄雏鸡肌注接种，6周龄攻毒，接种80ugOMP／只ISCOM型亚单位疫苗的雏鸡以鸡白痢沙门氏菌或鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的攻击具有显著的免疫保护力。     

伪狂犬病病毒北京株的纯化及电镜观察

将伪狂犬病病毒（ＰｒＶ）北京株细胞培养物经超速离心沉淀后，用质量分数３０％、３５％、４０％、４５％蔗糖密度梯度离心，收集病毒蛋白带，经１０ｇ／Ｌ醋酸负负染色后电镜观察病毒粒子形态。结果表明，病毒粒子主要集中于３５－４０％蔗糖界面处，有囊膜病毒粒子直径约为１５０－２１０ｎｍ，无囊膜病毒粒子直径约为１００－１６０ｎｍ，证明上述纯化ＰｒＶ的方法是可行的，为今后建立分抗ＰｒＶ杂交瘤细胞株及开展基因工程抗     

猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV-JL 株）的分离与鉴定

从吉林某猪场疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑组织病料中分离出1株病毒，感染猪以后病理变化明显，经幼仓鼠肾传代细胞系（BHK-21）接种、毒价测定、病毒形态观察、PCR扩增及相关动物试验证实为猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）野毒，并命名为PRV-JL。经BHK-21接种，病毒生长良好；毒价稳定，可达10-7.59/0.2 mL；电镜负染观察到病毒粒子呈椭圆或圆形外观，无囊膜的病毒粒子直径约110-150 nm，有囊膜的成熟病毒粒子直径约150-180 nm；PCR鉴定该毒株为强毒，其gE序列与Genbank登录的PRV gE序列同源性为99%-100%；本研究构建了小鼠的感染模型，并进行了病毒载量检测，结果用不同剂量病毒培养物接种Balb/C小鼠，小鼠死亡明显，最初在其脑组织中检测到PRV病原，随后在肾、肺、心逐步检出，试验初步证实了PRV的脑组织嗜性。试验表明， PRV-JL是1株强毒，对易感动物具有高致病性，为进一步开展该病毒流行病学、致病机理、疫苗免疫与诊断研究奠定基础。     

猪伪狂犬状病毒S1株的分离与鉴定

从上海事某猪场发效仔猪体内分离到1株病毒，该毒株能在鸡胚成纤维细胞，RK，Vero,BHK21,ST,PK15细胞上增殖并产生细胞病变，通过蚀斑克隆对其进行纯化，克隆毒株在BHK21细胞上的TCID50为50μL10^-6.68稀释液，该病毒能被伪狂犬病毒（PRV）阳性血清中和，接种细胞经PRV荧光抗体染色呈阳性反应，电镜观察可见直径110－180nm的典型疱疹病毒粒子，用该病毒接种兔仔猪均出现典型的伪狂犬病症状，表明该分离毒株为PRV。     

致病性猪伪狂犬病病毒PRV-JF株的分离与鉴定

从临床疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑组织病料中，经聚合酶链式反应（PCR）证实为猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）野毒感染，采用无PCV1污染的猪肾细胞系（PK-15）分离培养，经蚀斑克隆纯化，培育1株细胞培养适应毒，命名为PRV-JF株。该分离株经细胞培养传代，能够产生典型的细胞病变，病毒滴度随代次显著增加，第24代毒价达10^8.5 TCID50／mL。免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验（IPMA）检测病毒抗原分布在细胞核及细胞质内。病毒感染细胞可被已知PRV阳性血清中和。电镜负染观察到病毒粒子呈椭圆或圆形外观，无囊膜的病毒粒子直径约110nm～150nm，有囊膜的成熟病毒粒子直径约150nm～180nm。PCR鉴定该毒株含有gE基因，其序列与GenBank登录的7株PRV同源性为97.7％～100％。用不同剂量病毒培养物接种家兔于24h～72h内全部死亡。研究表明，PRV-JF分离株对易感动物具有高致病性，为进一步开展该病毒流行病学、致病机理、疫苗免疫与诊断研究奠定了基础。     

鸡减蛋综合征病毒分离株AA—2基因组HindⅢ酶切部分片段的分子…

以非免疫鸭胚增殖的减综合病毒，经差速离心法纯化，电镜下观察到病毒无囊膜，大小为７０－８５ｎｍ．以蛋白酶Ｋ法抽提病毒基因组，琼脂糖凝胶电泳只出现１条分子量约３４ｋｂ、背景清晰的核酸带。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.