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旱地保护性耕作对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为给胶东地区旱地保护性耕作提供技术依据,设置传统耕作(CT)、还田免耕(NT1)、整秆还田免耕(NT2)和还田深松免耕(NTS)4个耕作方式,研究了保护性耕作对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明,保护性耕作小麦花后叶面积指数及旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率明显高于CT处理,且高值持续时间长,有利于光合功能期的延长,增强了籽粒灌浆速率,最终提高了穗粒数和千粒重,其中NTS处理表现最好,但保护性耕作降低了公顷穗数,比传统耕作减少240万/ha ,产量表现:NTS>CT>NT2>NT1,说明土壤深松与秸秆还田相结合是该地区旱地冬小麦最适宜的耕作方式. 相似文献
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玉米保护性耕作栽培技术研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
保护性耕作是防止田间扬沙、减轻水土流失的有效耕作方式之一。本试验对保护性耕作条件下玉米不同种植密度、播期及品种进行了研究。通过对产量和其他性状比较,随着种植密度增加产量呈增加趋势,但增幅逐渐减小。密度增加使秃尖长增加、倒伏率升高、百粒重降低、茎粗变细;播期过早过晚对产量、百粒重、穗长均呈降低趋势,且秃尖明显增长。内蒙东部农牧交错区推广玉米保护性耕作技术,应选用生育期短于130d的高产型品种、密度为6万~6.5万株/hm2、在4月25日前后播种为宜。试验结果为在该地区推广保护性耕作下作物高效栽培提供理论依据。 相似文献
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辽西地区垄作保护性耕作方式对玉米产量效应的影响研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
比较研究了不同垄作保护性耕作方式对玉米产量及其形成过程的影响。结果表明,垄作保护性耕作方式具有明显的增产效果,留茬免耕、留茬覆盖和灭茬免耕分别比传统耕作增产12.0%、13.6%和7.8%。垄作保护性耕作方式的干物质积累量和株高均表现为作物生长发育的前期低于传统耕作,在拔节期以后逐渐赶上并超过传统耕作,其单株干物重由大到小的顺序为:留茬覆盖>留茬免耕>灭茬免耕,平均株高整齐度由大到小的顺序为:灭茬免耕>传统耕作>留茬免耕>留茬覆盖。不同耕作方式玉米灌浆速率不同,其中保护性耕作方式玉米灌浆速率的优势表现在授粉15d以后。垄作保护性耕作方式的玉米穗行数、行粒数均优于传统耕作,其中又以留茬覆盖方式最佳,分别比传统耕作高出0.85和1.40个百分点。 相似文献
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保护性耕作对黑土农田土壤水热及作物产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
保护性耕作措施是干旱区农田提高作物产量的有效耕作技术,为研究其在冷凉区域的适用性,于2004~2009年,以中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站黑土农田为研究对象,开展了免耕秸秆覆盖、少耕和传统旋耕3种耕作措施长期定位对比研究.结果表明:在大豆玉米轮作制度下,实施免耕秸秆覆盖和少耕的保护性耕作方式,连续3 a免耕大豆产量均表现... 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状,从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6~-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究,并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明:10条引物共扩增出66条条带,其中有37条多态带,多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.35时,12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类,第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体;第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体;第3类为浙江、广东种源个体;第4类为江西、福建种源个体;第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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为了探讨龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)种质果实性状的稳定性,连续3a对40份不同基因型龙眼种质果实数量性状的年际间表现进行测定比较。结果表明,在气候条件差异较大的不同年份,单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重、果皮厚、可食率、可溶性固形含量等果实性状均表现丰富的多样性,并存在年际间的显著或极显著水平差异,气候条件对果实数量性状有显著影响;不同性状的稳定性有差异,其中可食率的稳定性最高,其次是可溶性固形物含量。通过聚类分析,可将40份龙眼种质按果实性状稳定性分成7类。 相似文献