东北地区玉米秸秆覆盖技术应用现状与对策

玉米秸秆覆盖还田作为保护性耕作的重要措施,对东北黑土地保护、抵御干旱、提高黑土地生产力具有重要意义。分析秸秆覆盖技术的利弊,介绍美国基于秸秆覆盖程度的保护性耕作技术分级体系,分析我国东北秸秆覆盖技术的应用现状及限制因素。我国的秸秆覆盖免耕技术及条耕技术已经成熟,亟需大面积应用。东北地区推广应用秸秆覆盖还田技术的限制因素包括生态条件、农机农艺结合及农户认知等方面。

Current Application Status of Maize Residue Mulching in Northeast China and the Policy Recommendation

As one of the main ways of conservative cultivation, straw residual mulching is of great significance for soil conservation, drought resistance, and enhancing maize productivity of black soil in northeast China. This paper analyzed the advantage and disadvantage of straw residual mulching. The conservative tillage classification systems in USA based on straw mulching degree were introduced. Application status of maize straw residual mulching practice in Northeast China and its limiting factors were analyzed. It is suggested that the no-till and strip-till techniques have been well developed in Northeast China. The limiting factors for the application of the techniques including ecological conditions, the coordination of agricultural machines and agronomic measurements, as well as farmer knowledge limitation, etc.