克新系列马铃薯遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记技术对19份克新系列马铃薯品种进行了遗传多样性分析,分别提取19份马铃薯品种的DNA,进行随机引物多态性扩增,从1000条随机引物中初步筛选出7条有多态性的引物进行详细研究,每条RAPD引物扩增出4～9条带,共获得52条带,其中多态性条带为43条;19份马铃薯品种的遗传距离介于0.17～0.72之间,平均值为0.39,平均遗传距离介于0.31～0.51之间;聚类分析结果在GS=0.53处可将克新系列马铃薯品种划分为三类,聚类结果与系谱分析基本相符,同时也说明克新系列马铃薯的遗传基础有所拓宽。研究表明:RAPD标记简便、快速、成本低,适用于分析马铃薯遗传多样性,指导马铃薯育种实践中的亲本组配。     

用RAPD和ISSR法研究新疆红花主栽品种的遗传多样性

[目的]对29份新疆红花栽培品种的遗传多样性进行检测.[方法]RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术.[结果]20个RAPD引物和18个ISSR引物分别扩增出156和112条带,多态条带比率(PPB)分别为92.31;和93.77;.RAPD和ISSR检测的有效等位基因数分别为1.508 1和1.513 7,基因多样性为0.311 5和0.341 6,Shannon多样性指数为0.473 8和0.479 8.以Nei氏遗传距离矩阵按UPGMA方法聚类分析结果RAPD和ISSR标记的遗传距离分别为0.108 2～2.054 1和0.123 4～2.153 5.[结论]红花不同品种之间具有比较丰富的遗传变异.对比RAPD和ISSR在PCR反应中的稳定性和检测变异的能力表明,对于实验条件的稳定性而言ISSR优于RAPD,且总的来说ISSR能检测到比RAPD更多的遗传变异.Mantel检测表明:这两种标记的分析结果有极显著的相关性r=0.963.     

利用RAPD分子标记对30份山茶属种质资源进行分类分析

[目的]对30份山茶属种质资源进行分类分析.[方法]利用RAPD分子标记技术研究30份山茶属种质资源的遗传多样性,并进行分类分析.[结果]17个RAPD引物共扩增出138条带,多态性条带为129条,多态性比率为93.5％,材料间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化范围为0.605 ～ 0.855.[结论]利用NTSYS软件对RAPD扩增结果进行聚类分析,可将30份资源分为5大类群,其分类结果与张宏达分类体系基本一致.     

新疆红花品种亲缘关系的SRAP分析（英文）

[目的]采用SRAP分子标记技术对5个新疆红花品种进行分析,探讨品种间的亲缘关系,为红花种质资源的保护和发掘利用提供科学依据。[方法]利用SRAP分子标记方法对新疆5个红花品种和1个云南红花品种的基因组DNA进行分析。[结果]筛选出12对SRAP引物组合,对6份材料共扩增出171条清晰可用条带,其中多态性条带93条,多态性比率54.4%。6份材料的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.60~0.92。[结论]SRAP分子标记技术适合用于红花品种的亲缘关系研究和指导分子育种。     

梨种质资源遗传多样性研究中的RAPD技术引物筛选

[研究目的]RAPD技术已广泛用于种质资源遗传多样性研究,中国梨属植物资源丰富,通过对RAPD多态性引物的筛选,为RAPD技术在梨属种质资源中的应用提供参考;[方法]以梨属44个种和品种为试验材料,通过RAPD扩增技术,筛选RAPD多态性引物;[结果]从50个随机引物中筛选出18个多态性引物,所选出的多态性引物每个引物扩增出的条带数在4～11之间,扩增出的DNA片段分子量大多在450～2000 bp之间,共扩增出118个条带,其中样品间相同的条带数有11条,呈现多态性的条带107条,所选引物的多态百分率达90.8%.[结论]所筛选的18个引物为梨属植物RAPD扩增多态性引物,可广泛用于梨属植物的RAPD扩增技术.     

利用RAPD标记分析青麻种质资源的遗传多样性

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分子标记技术对来自全国各地的48份青麻种质资源的遗传多样性进行了检测.结果表明,青麻具有丰富的遗传多样性,在48份青麻种质资源中.17条RAPD引物扩增出191条带,多态性条带比率(PPB)为87.43%,扩增产物片段大小在0.I-3.0kb之间.     

20份新疆紫花苜蓿种质RAPD和ISSR遗传多样性分析

【目的】采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记对新疆20份野生紫花苜蓿种质进行遗传多样性分析。【方法】用梯度PCR仪对RAPD引物和ISSR引物进行扩增筛选,筛选出多态性好的引物用于20份种质材料的研究。【结果】通过筛选分别得到6对RAPD和ISSR引物对20份新疆紫花苜蓿进行遗传多样性分析。6对RAPD引物共扩增出93个条带,多态性带91个,多态带百分率97.85%;平均每引物扩增出15.50条带,每引物平均扩增出的多态条带15.17。6对ISSR引物共扩增出157个条带,多态性带152个,多态带百分率96.82%;平均每引物扩增出26.17条带,每引物平均扩增出多态条带25.33。RAPD标记的Nei’s基因多样性变异范围为0.176 3~0.274 0,平均0.207 1;ISSR标记的Nei’s基因多样性范围为0.085 0~0.154 1,平均0.113 3。【结论】2种标记聚类分析结果均表明种质聚类与地理来源有一定的相关关系。     

几种药用西红花与观赏西红花的RAPD分析

[目的]为分析不同种源西红花的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,利用RAPD标记技术对8种西红花基因组DNA的多态性进行分析。[方法]应用22个随机引物对8个西红花品种进行RAPD分析,并根据RAPD的扩增结果,应用NTSYS-pc 2.10e软件进行聚类分析。[结果]从22个随机引物中筛选出18个多态性较高的引物,共扩增出143条DNA条带,其中108条为多态带,占总数的75.5%,平均每个随机引物扩增的DNA带数为7.9条;在遗传相似系数0.62处将8个样品分为2类,一类为药用西红花,另一类为观赏西红花。[结论]RAPD法能有效鉴别药用西红花和观赏西红花,分子聚类结果与地理因素未见确定联系。     

女贞不同种质材料基因组 DNA 的提取及 RAPD 引物筛选

[目的]提取女贞不同种质材料的基因组DNA,并筛选RAPD引物。[方法]采用改良CTAB法提取女贞基因组DNA,并以此种方法提取的女贞基因组DNA为模板,对RAPD引物进行PCR扩增,筛选有效引物。[结果]筛选出21个多态性丰富、条带清晰且重复性好的有效引物,经检测所获得的基因组DNA条带清晰,且OD260／DD280在1．8左右。用筛选出的21个有效引物对126份女贞种质材料进行RAPD—PCR扩增,均可获得带型丰富且清晰可辨的DNA指纹图谱。[结论]该方法为快速和准确地应用RAPD方法分析女贞种质材料的遗传多样性提供了依据。     

四川不同地区慈竹的遗传多样性研究

【目的】比较四川不同地区慈竹的遗传多样性,为其遗传改良研究提供理论依据。【方法】以四川具有代表性的12个地区慈竹为材料,选取29条随机扩增多态性DNA标记(RAPD)和12条简单序列重复区间标记(IS-SR)引物,利用RAPD和ISSR技术,对慈竹的遗传多样性进行研究,并对扩增的特异性条带进行克隆分析。【结果】筛选出14个RAPD引物,扩增出168条条带,其中142条具有多态性,多态率高达84.52%;筛选出8个ISSR引物,扩增出73条条带,其中56条具有多态性,多态率为76.71%。慈竹RAPD和ISSR遗传距离分别为0.140 4~0.570 1和0.071 0~0.706 9。引物OPAA-04从眉山青神慈竹(C-MSQS)中可扩增出长度为570 bp的特异性条带,与细胞色素c氧化酶Ⅰ亚基相关。【结论】四川不同地区慈竹资源具有较高的遗传多样性。     

Genetic Diversity in Main Cultivars of Safflower in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Based on RAPD Analysis

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in main cultivars of safflower distributing in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region by means of RAPD makers.[Method] Genomic DNAs of 29 safflower accessions from Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region were extracted for PCR amplification using 20 RAPD primers.[Result] Totally 156 bands were amplified,among which 144 bands were polymorphic(accounting for 92.31%),indicating that safflower is endowed with plentiful genetic diversity.Based on the DNA fingerprint,the 29 safflower accessions were grouped into four populations,the classification results may be not related with ecological regionality.[Conclusion] RAPD technique is an available tool to analyze the genetic diversity of safflower germplasm at molecular level.     

新疆红花主要栽培品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in main cultivars of safflower distributing in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region by means of RAPD makers.[Method] Genomic DNAs of 29 safflower accessions from Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region were extracted for PCR amplification using 20 RAPD primers.[Result] Totally 156 bands were amplified,among which 144 bands were polymorphic(accounting for 92.31%),indicating that safflower is endowed with plentiful genetic diversity.Based on the DNA fingerprint,the 29 safflower accessions were grouped into four populations,the classification results may be not related with ecological regionality.[Conclusion] RAPD technique is an available tool to analyze the genetic diversity of safflower germplasm at molecular level.     

新疆红花主要栽培品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in main cultivars of safflower distributing in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region by means of RAPD makers.[Method] Genomic DNAs of 29 safflower accessions from Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region were extracted for PCR amplification using 20 RAPD primers.[Result] Totally 156 bands were amplified,among which 144 bands were polymorphic(accounting for 92.31%),indicating that safflower is endowed with plentiful genetic diversity.Based on the DNA fingerprint,the 29 safflower accessions were grouped into four populations,the classification results may be not related with ecological regionality.[Conclusion] RAPD technique is an available tool to analyze the genetic diversity of safflower germplasm at molecular level.     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei's gene diversity index(H),Shannon's information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

Genetic Diversity in Wild Populations of Poacynum hendersonii from Inland Arid Regions of Northwest China

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei's gene diversity index(H),Shannon's information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究

[目的]研究大叶白麻野生居群的遗传多样性。[方法]采用RAPD技术对分布于新疆、甘肃和青海的5个大叶白麻野生居群的遗传多样性水平进行检测。[结果]经筛选的20条引物共扩增出165条清晰、重复性好的DNA条带,其中多态性条带为110条,多态位点百分率(PPB)为66.67%。居群间Nei′s多样性指数为0.2205,Shannon’s信息指数为0.3047,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.9082。大叶白麻具有较高的遗传多样性水平,遗传分化主要发生在居群间。聚类分析显示居群间的相似度与分布区的地理和气候特征相关。[结论]在利用大叶白麻资源的同时,应根据各居群的品质和遗传特征,对这些居群尤其是青海居群加以保护。     

高效液相色谱法测定新疆开心果中烟酸的含量

[目的]研究测定新疆开心果中烟酸的含量。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法测定新疆开心果中水溶性维生素烟酸的含量,试验采用Symmetry Shield RP18(4.6 mm×250 mm×5μm)为分离柱,以10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾为流动相,采用紫外检测器在波长266 nm下进行检测。[结果]试验得出,新疆开心果中烟酸的含量为113.1 mg/kg,表明新疆开心果中含有比较丰富的烟酸,具有较高的营养价值,适量食用开心果可有效补充人体所需的烟酸。[结论]该方法操作简单,结果准确,为新疆开心果的进一步开发应用研究提供了一定的科学依据。     

芨芨草遗传多样性研究

[目的]研究不同产地芨芨草间遗传多样性。[方法]用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记分别对芨芨草进行7个居群间和2个居群内的遗传多样性分析。[结果]芨芨草在居群间遗传上的聚类与地理位置直接相关,居群内的遗传分化与生境相关。[结论]PAPD技术可用芨芨草遗传多样性研究。     

新疆大豆疫霉的来源分析

应用SSR标记对新疆地区大豆疫霉菌（Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann ＆ Gerdemann）的遗传多样性和与美国、黑龙江、福建等3个不同地理来源大豆疫霉菌的遗传关系进行研究。结果表明,新疆地区大豆疫霉菌遗传多样性相对较低,遗传背景单一,推断为外来生物。与大豆疫霉菌美国分离物和福建分离物相比,新疆分离物与黑龙江分离物的遗传关系最近,表明新疆大豆疫霉菌可能从黑龙江传人。