Pharmacokinetics of Clorsulon in Sheep Following Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

The study established a method to analyze clorsulon concentration in sheep plasma by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with an internal-standard.In plasma,clorsulon concentration within 0.01-1.0μgmL-1 and 1.0-20μgmL-1 ranges had a good linear relationship(R= 0.9991,0.9958). The average recovery of the method was 98.11±3.52%. The relative standard deviation(RSD)s% of within-day and between-day assays were less than 7 and 8% respectively. After giving clorsulon to sheep by intravenous(i.v.)or subcutaneous(s.c.)routes at a single dose of 4mgkg-1,drug concentration-time data in plasma were both fitted to a two-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: 1)i.v. administration: T1/2β = 10.04 ± 0.819 h,area under the concentration versus time curve(AUC)=81.85±14.24mghL-1; 2)s.c. administration: T1/2ka= 1.36± 0.75 h,T1/2β=17.92 ± 9.19 h,Tmax=3.18±1.05h,Cmax=5.12±0.99μgmL-1,AUC=56.73±5.25mghL-1,F=71.03 ± 14.15%. The results indicated that clorsulon in sheep following a single s.c.administration was absorbed rapidly and eliminated slower than that following a single i.v.administration,and showed a better bioavailability.     

洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药物动力学和生物利用度研究

50日龄健康岭南三黄肉鸡24只随机分为2组,雌雄各半.分别进行单剂量(10 mg.kg-1)静注和内服洛克沙胂的药物动力学(简称药动学)研究.以反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中洛克沙胂质量浓度,采用WinNonlin 5.2药动学软件的非房室模型统计矩原理分析药物质量浓度-时间数据.鸡静注给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(2.37±0.11)h,Vz=(5.29±0.37)L.kg-1,AUC0-∞=(6.55±0.28)mg.L-1.h,CL=(1.56±0.07)L.h-1.kg-1.内服给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(3.02±0.08)h,tmax=(1.00±0.07)h,Cmax=(1.09±0.08)mg.L-1,AUC0-∞=(2.30±0.10)mg.L-1.h,MRT=(2.44±0.13)h,F=(35.28±1.0)%.洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药动学特征表现:静注分布较为广泛,消除迅速;内服给药后,吸收较快但不完全,生物利用度较低.     

氟苯尼考单剂量腹腔注射和灌服后在鲫体内的药代动力学

将健康鲫150尾随机分成两组,按30mg.kg-1剂量分别单次腹腔注射和灌服氟苯尼考,用高效液相色谱法研究其在鲫体内的药代动力学特征,数据用3p97药代动力学软件分析。结果表明,腹腔液射和灌服两种给药方式的血药经时过程均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。腹腔注射和灌服给药的动力学方程分别为ρ=3.465 5(e-0.51t-e-14.88t)和ρ=7.669 9(e-0.04t-e-0.12t)。药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(3.905±0.056)和(1.803±0.133)mg.L-1.h;分布速率半衰期(t1/2Ka)分别为(0.047±0.001)和(5.962±0.021)h,消除速率半衰期(t1/2Ke)分别为(1.367±0.025)和(16.763±0.017)h,体清除率(CLB)分别为(0.102±0.001)和(0.018±0.017)L.kg-1.h-1,最高血药质量浓度(ρmax)分别为(25.289±2.664)和(42.137±3.887)mg.L-1。     

Pharmacokinetics of Flunixin Meglumine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Pigs

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine （FM） was investigated in 14 healthy pigs following single intravenous （i.v.） and intramuscular （i.m.） administration of the drug at the dosage of 2.2 and 1.1 mg kg-1. Blood samples were collected at different intervals after administration, and concentrations of FM were determined by HPLC method with a limit of detection of 0.1μg mL-1. The FM concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model after single i.v. dosing in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： tl/2a, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.58±0.07 h; tl/2β, 6.28±0.13 and 7.37 ±0.59 h; V/F, 0.01 ±0.001 and 0.01 ±0.002 L kg-1; CL, 0.01 ± 0.002 and 0.01 ± 0.002 L h-l; AUC, 237.73 ± 52.46 and 147.71 ± 36.76μg h-1 mL-1. The drug concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption after single i.m. administration in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： t1/2α, 0.90± 0.07 and 0.86±0.10 h; t1/2β, 8.79±0.85 and 9.60±0.10 h; V/F, 0.02±0.004 and 0.02±0.003 L kg-1; CL, 0.01±0.002 and 0.01 ±0.003 L h-l; AUC, 174.63 ± 45.84 and 112.42 ± 31.19 pg h-1 mL 1. The results of the present study showed that FM was rapidly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in pigs. The drug was completely absorbed after single i.m. administration and a good bioavailability in pigs.     

五氯酚钠在鲫体内的毒性及代谢动力学的研究

在实验室条件下,研究了不同浓度的五氯酚钠溶液（0、1、2、3、4、5、10mg／L）对鲫Carassiusaurtlgt~的毒性作用,并采用药浴的方式研究了五氯酚钠在鲫体内不同时间段的药代谢动力学。结果表明：五氯酚钠对鲫的毒性作用很强,当药物浓度为10mg／L时,药浴1h后试验动物100％死亡;当药物浓度为2mg／L时,试验动物健康存活,药浴96h无死亡现象;将鲫在2mg／L的五氯酚钠溶液中浸浴24h后,药物迅速被鲫吸收,血浆中0．5h五氯酚钠浓度就能达到11．5ng／mL,1h达到峰值12．0ng／mL,但药物的代谢较慢,给药70d后才检测不到药物;药物在肌肉中的代谢与血浆中类似,1h达到峰值（11．84ng／mL）,比血浆中的峰浓度略低,药动学参数t1／2α、t1/2β,MRT0-1、Tmax、Cmax、AUC0-4和MAT分别为12．6h、186．8h、260．4h、1h、11．84ng／mL、1106．5ng／（mL·h）、222．5h。     

Pharmacokinetics of Two Ingredients of the Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Transdermal Preparation in Cows

The topical administration of the compound Chinese herbal medicine transdermal preparation has been widely used in treating the mastitis of cows. In order to understand the metabolic process, four cows suffering from clinical mastitis were selected for the pharmacokinetic study. The transdermal preparation was applied to the diseased part of breast. Then the plasma and milk samples were collected respectively at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h, The concentrations of baicalin and phillyrin in plasma and milk were determined by HPLC and the data of time-concentrations were analyzed by the pharmacokinetic software. The results showed that two ingredients in the plasma were not detectable, but they in the milk had linear relationship with the time. The peak concentration of baicalin [（2.84 ±0.15）μg mL^-1] appeared at （4.93 ± 0.35） h, AUC0.1OQ was （27.32 ± 7.91） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （28.31 ±0.49） h. The peak concentration of phillyrin [（0.49 ± 0.41） μg mL^-1] achieved at （3.68 ± 3.14） h, AUC0-LOQ was （4.10± 0.31） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （14.52 ± 0.02） h. These suggested that two ingredients had slow absorbing speed and high absorbing degree. They could not be eliminated in a short time, thus exerted the topical curative effect.     

Pharmacokinetics of Quinocetone and Its Major Metabolites in Swine After Intravenous and Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of quinocetone and its major metabolites in healthy swine was investigated in this paper.Quinocetone was administered to 8 healthy cross-bread swine intravenously and orally at a dosage of 4 and 40 mg kg-1 body weight respectively in a randomized crossover design test with two-week washout period.A sensitive highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone in plasma.Plasma concentration versus time profiles of quinocetone and its metabolite l-desoxyquinocetone were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis using Winnonlin 5.2 software.Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for quinocetone was found to be (0.56±0.13) μg mL-1 at 2.92 h,after oral administration of quinocetone.Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for l-desoxyquinocetone after intravenous or oral administration of quinocetone were (0.0095±0.0012) μg mL-1 at 0.083 h and (0.0067±0.0053) μg mL-1 at 3.08 h.The apparent elimination half-lives (T1/2) for quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.24±0.24) and (5.23±0.56) h after intravenous administration of quinocetone and (2.91±0.29) and (11.85±2.89) h after oral administration of quinocetone,respectively.Mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) for quinocetone and 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.02±0.15) and (0.2±0.002) μg h mL-1 respectively after intravenous administration of quinocetone,and (3.5±0.79) and (0.053±0.03) μg h mL-1 after oral administration of quinocetone,respectively.Quinocetone was rapidly absorbed and metabolized in swine after oral and intravenous administration.The plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of 1-desoxyquinocetone were much smaller than those of quinocetone,while the elimination half-lives (T1/2) were much longer than those of quinocetone after intravenously (i.v.) or oral administration.     

Pharmacokinetics of Milbemycin Oxime in Dogs Following Its Intravenous and Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg · kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma. After PO administration at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1, milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06±0.13 h, the mean absorption time(MAT) was 19.06, 13.67 and 11.77 h, the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz) was 15.06±0.37, 11.09±0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance(Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 m L · min-1 · kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng · m L-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve(AUC-10→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg · h · L, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.     

双氢杨梅素在家兔体内的药动学研究

[目的]研究双氢杨梅素在家兔体内的药动学特征。[方法]经单剂口服给药后,收集家兔血样,经离心后,采用紫外分光光度法于280 nm波长处进行血药浓度测定。[结果]双氢杨梅素的血药浓度—时间曲线符合一级消除的单室模型,Ke为(0.76±0.13)h-1,Ka为(0.85±0.24)h-1,t1/2(Ka)为(0.82±0.31)h,t 1/2(Ke)为(0.91±0.44)h,Tmax为(1.5±0.46)h,Cmax为(12.36±2.7)mg/L,AUC0→∞为(45.45±22.3)mg.h/L,CL/F为(4.71±1.21)L/(h.kg),V/F为(6.17±3.12)L/kg。[结论]该方法简便、可靠、灵敏,适用于双氢杨梅素的药动学研究。     

罗美沙星在鸡体内的药物动力学与生物利用度研究

采用反向高效液相色谱法, 研究了罗美沙星在健康鸡体内的药动学与生物利用度。结果表明, 鸡静注罗美沙星后的ｃｉ－ ｔｉ数据符合二室开放模型, 其主要动力学参数如下： ｔｔ／２α０５６±０１２ｈ, ｔ１／β７６９±０７９ ｈ, Ｖｄ２１６±０３５ Ｌ／ｋｇ, Ｃ Ｌ Ｂ０２０±００３ Ｌ／ｋｇ·ｈ, Ａ Ｕ Ｃ ５２１９±８９９ ｕｇ／ｍ Ｌ·ｈ。鸡内服、肌注罗美沙星ｃ１－ ｔ１ 数据, 均符合有吸收因素二室模型, 内服的主要动力学参数如下： ｔ１／２ｋａ１１８±０１４ ｈ、ｔ１／２α２４５±０４６ ｈ、ｔ１／２β１７２１±１５８ ｈ、 Ａ Ｕ Ｃ ３８７８±６３３ ｕｇ／ｍ Ｌ·ｈ、ｔｍａｘ３１６＋ ０２３ ｈ、 Ｃｍ ａｘ２０６±０４３ ｕｇ／ｍ Ｌ、 Ｆ７４３１％ ; 肌注的主要动力学参数是： ｔ１／２ｋａ０６７±０１２ ｈ、ｔ１／２α１３０±０２３ ｈ、ｔ１／２β１１５２±１０２ｈ、 Ａ Ｕ Ｃ ４３１５±２０４ ｕｇ／ｍ Ｌ·ｈ、ｔｍ ａｘ１７６±０２０ ｈ、 Ｃｍａｘ４６０±ｕｇ／ｍ Ｌ、 Ｆ８２６８％ 。本文还就罗美沙星的临床应用进行了药动学评价。     

泰妙菌素混悬注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较泰妙菌素混悬注射液和泰妙菌素注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 7头健康猪,按随机拉丁方设计,进行单次给药剂量(10 mg•kg-1 b.w)静注、肌注泰妙菌素注射液和肌注泰妙菌素注射混悬液,高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪血浆中泰妙菌素的浓度,罗红霉素作为内标,3P97药动学计算软件处理血浆药物浓度－时间数据。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型,主要药动学参数为：t1/2β为2.04±0.23 h,t1/2α为0.39±0.06 h,t1/2π为0.12±0.04 h,Vd 为8.73±1.83 L•kg-1,AUC为3.78±0.52μg•mL-1•h-1,ClB为2.99±0.43 L•kg-1•h-1)。猪肌注泰妙菌素注射液的药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数分别为：t1/2Ka(0.06±0.01)h,t1/2β(3.67±0.41)h,Tmax(0.18±0.03)h,Cmax(1.32±0.25)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.62±0.21)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为73.51%。猪肌注泰妙菌素混悬液的药时数据则符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数为：t1/2Ka(0.04±0.01)h,t1/2Ke(2.90±0.43)h,Tmax(0.27±0.03)h,Cmax(0.7±0.11)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.80±0.35)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为75.73%。t检验比较肌注泰妙菌素注射液和泰妙菌素注射混悬液的主要药动学参数,结果表明,两者除达峰浓度Cmax有显著差异外,AUC、t1/2Ka、Tmax、t1/2Ke和生物利用度均无显著性差异。【结论】泰妙菌素注射混悬液肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较快的药动学特征。     

氟苯尼考颗粒与氟苯尼考粉在猪体内的药物动力学比较

健康猪14头随机分为A、B2组,分别单剂量胃管灌服氟苯尼考粉和颗粒,按体质量给药剂量均为30 mg/kg,进行比较药动学研究.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其血药浓度.采用药动学分析软件WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血药浓度-时间数据.氟苯尼考粉灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(10.22±0.18)h,ke=(0.07±0.01)h-1,tmax=(1.67±0.48)h,Cmax=(24.68±1.13)μg·mL-1,AUC=(190.97±16.60)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(8.33±0.42)h,tcp=(17.66±1.52)h.氟苯尼考颗粒灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(16.36±4.14)h,ke=(0.05±0.01)h-1,tmax=(5.71±0.47)h,Cmax=(12.23±0.78)μg·mL-1,AUC=(155.44±6.59)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(14.96±0.35)h,tcp=(23.03±0.49)h.试验结果表明,与氟苯尼考粉相比,氟苯尼考颗粒的消除半衰期更长,有效血药浓度维持时间也较长.     

甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药代动力学比较研究

用健康家兔经口服给药(剂量为30 mg/kg),研究甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素的药动学规律.以RP-HPLC法测定血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理.家兔单剂量口服给药甲砜霉素和HP-β-CD甲砜霉素血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型.甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.05±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.83±0.02)h,t1/2ke(2.27±0.31)h,T(peak)(1.84±0.12)h,C(max)(6.98±0.95)mg/L,AUC(34.98+0.68)mg/(L·h),F(110.74±0.02)%. HP-β-CD甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.02±0.01)h,t1/2ka(0.91±0.16)h,t1/2ke(0.86 ±0.15)h,T(peak)(0.96±0.07)h,C(max)(8.59±0.55)mg/L,AUC(43.02±0.87)mg/(L·h),F(142.07±0.02)%.HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药动学特征表现为分布广泛,消除迅速;口服给药吸收迅速且完全,生物利用度高.     

抗菌新兽药“菌灭”在兔体内的动力学研究

[目的]研究“菌灭”在健康免体内的药物动力学规律,为该药的合理应用提供依据。[方法]以苯甲酰环丙沙星为内标,建立检测菌灭浓度的HPLC方法。给健康家兔分别静脉注射和肌肉注射菌灭,按照所建立的HPLC方法检测注射后血浆茵灭浓度的变化,选定最佳药代动力学模型。[结果]所建立的HPLc条件：流动相为100ml 60％（V／V）的甲醇溶液（pH3.0）;流速1.0ml／min;柱温：（25.0±0.5）℃;检测波长：278nm。静脉注射和肌肉注射的兔血样的血样药时数据分别符合一级吸收二室和一室开放模型,其血样中主要药动学参数,静脉注射：T1/2α=0.07h,T1／2β=0.82h,AUC=3.51mg／（L·h）,CLB=4.57L／（mg·h）;肌肉注射：T1／2Kα=0.33h,T1／2K=0.33h,Tp=0.6h,Cmax=2.55μg／ml,AUC=4.87mg／（L·h）,生物利用度约为110％。[结论]菌灭经肌肉给药吸收快,生物利用度高,分布广泛,消除快。     

恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内的药物动力学

为了给兽医临床合理用药提供依据,分析恩诺沙星微囊(Enrofloxacin Microcapsules,EM)和恩诺沙星原粉(Enrofloxacin,ENR)在猪体内的药物代谢动力学过程。猪单剂量分别灌服EM和ENR30mg.kg-1,72h内16次前腔静脉采血,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定猪血浆中ENR的质量浓度。结果表明,6头猪灌服EM和ENR后,其药动学配置均符合有吸收因素二室药代动力学模型。最佳药时曲线方程为ρ(EM)=11.326 3e-0.353 8t+5.420 6e-0.066 1t-16.746 9e-0.979 8t和ρ(ENR)=11.251 1e-0.934 7t+5.330 1e-0.079 9t-16.581 2e-2.965 7t。恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内的吸收相半衰期(t1/2ka)为(0.769 5±0.250 9)h,分布相半衰期(t1/2a)为(2.160 3±0.704 1)h,消除相半衰期(t1/2β)为(10.522 4±0.719 5)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(92.924 3±5.308 4)mg.L-1.h。说明恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内吸收迅速,消除相对较慢。     

盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液在猪体内的药动学研究

8头健康猪按体质量单次深部肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素(5 mg.kg-1林可霉素,10 mg·kg-1大观霉素)混悬注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定林可霉素和大观霉素的血药浓度,使用非房室统计矩分析方法处理得到血药浓度-时间数据.林可霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.21±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(3.38±0.09)h;tmax=(0.29±0.02)h;Cmax=(5.15±0.18)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(10.27±0.38)μg·mL-1.h;MRT=(3.52±0.11)h;ClB/F=(0.46±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(2.26±0.12)L·kg-1.大观霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.43±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(1.64±0.06)h;tmax=(0.44±0.03)h;Cmax=(20.05±0.70)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(51.82±0.98)μg·mL-1·h;MRT=(2.39±0.04)h;ClB/F=(0.19±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(0.46±0.02)L·kg-1.结果表明,肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液后,两药均迅速吸收并快速消除,但后者吸收稍慢,消除较快.     

吡喹酮在绒山羊体内药代动力学的研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法测试了 6只健康绒山羊以每千克体重 10 0mg剂量口服给药后吡喹酮在体内的血药浓度 ,并进行了药代动力学研究 ,应用非线性最小二乘法处理 ,实验数据参数用一室模型描述。在口服给药后 ,经过短暂的迟滞期 [Lagtime =(0 2 3987± 0 0 95 39)h],血药浓度迅速上升 ,吸收相很快完成[t1/ 2ka=(0 33899± 0 192 94)h],达峰时间tp=(1 6 45 6 8± 0 43788)h ,之后是一缓慢的消除相 [t1/ 2kel=(6 2 3789± 0 70 6 2 7)h],表观分布容积Vd=(2 3 6 8130± 13 16 197)L/kg ,机体清除率CLB =[(2 6 2 3 46±1 473 10 )mg/(kg·h) ],药时曲线下面积AUC =[(5 0 0 73 2 7± 2 6 12 482 ) μg/(mL·h) ],最高血药浓度Cmax=(4 89990± 2 830 6 4) μg/mL。对吡喹酮在绒山羊体内血药浓度实测值与理论值进行卡平方检验 ,结果表明二者之间没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Effects of Chemical Activation on the Parthenogenetic Development of Porcine in vitro Maturation Oocytes

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ionomycin combined with cytochalasin B (CB), cycloheximide (CHX), or 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) on the activation of porcine oocytes. In Experiment 1, in vitro matured oocytes were activated with 15,20,25 or 30 mmol L-1 ionomycin separately. Activation rates of 20,25 mmol L-1 and 30 mmol L-1 treatments were higher (P<0.05) than that of 15 mmol L-1 treatment. In Experiment 2, in vitro matured oocytes were activated with 20 mmol L-1 ionomycin for 10,20,30,40 or 50 min and then incubated with 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP for 6 h.Cleavage and blastocyst rates [(72.40±13.02)％, (25.37±11.43)％] after treatments for 40 min were higher (P>0.05) thanthose of the other treatments. In Experiment 3, matured oocytes were activated with ionomycin and then incubated with 7.5 mgmL-1 CB, 10 mg mL-1 CHX, 2 mmol L-16-DMAP, 7.5 mg mL-1 CB + 10 mg mL-1 CHX or 7.5 mg mL-1 CB + 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP for6 h. The rates of activation, cleavage and blastocyst of 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP treatment [(86.05±4.29)％, (61.77±8.10)％ and(21.62±3.31)％] were higher (P<0.05) than those of 7.5 mg mL-1 CB treatment. In Experiment 4, matured oocytes wereactivated with ionomycin and then incubated with 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP for 3.5, 5.5 or 7.5 h. Cleavage rates and blastocyst rates of 5.5 h treatment [(66.59±14.36)％ and (25.40±10.16)％] were higher (P>0.05) than those of other treatments. In conclusion, activation of porcine oocytes appears to be most successful using the combination of ionomycin (20 mmol L-1,40 min) followed by 6-DMAP (2 mmol L-1, 5.5 h).     

Pharmacokinetics of Ivermectin in Salvelinus leucomaenis Following Two Ways of Administration

[目的]研究伊维菌素在白点鲑体内的药动学。[方法]对白点鲑以0．3mg／kg的剂量分别单次口灌和腹腔注射伊维菌素,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法（HPLC—UV）于给药后不同时间点连续进行采样检测,通过3p97软件分析药动学参数。[结果]在2种给药方式下,伊维菌素在血浆、肌肉、肝和肾中的药时关系均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。口灌给药方式下,血浆中药动学参数为Tmax=4．503h、Cmax=0．252mg／L、t1/2ka=0．476h、t1/2ka=331．160h、AUC=121．524（mrdL）·h;腹腔注射给药方式下,血浆中药动学参数为Tmax=2．751h、Cmax=0．230mg／L、t1/2ka=0．306h、t1/2ka=153．868h、AUC=51．689（mg／L）·h。[结论]两种给药方式下伊维菌素在白点鲑体内的药动学存在差异,腹腔注射给药比口灌给药吸收快。     

崇明西滩芦苇湿地土壤酶活性特征的研究

[目的]为了解崇明岛西滩芦苇湿地的土壤酶活性特征,以便深入研究潮滩芦苇湿地碳源碳汇的生物学机制。[方法]分别于生长季和非生长季在崇西芦苇湿地和光滩采集不同深度的土层样品,研究土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶及纤维素酶的活性特征;同时,对比分析各种酶在生长季、非生长季及在不同深度下的活性变化特征;结合相关酶的特性及所研究区域的环境特征,分析相关变化特征的产生原因。[结果]芦苇湿地土壤过氧化氢酶活性在(0.20±0.01)~(0.26±0.04)ml/(h·g)之间;芦苇湿地土壤过蔗糖酶活性在(0.42±0.02)~(3.44±0.17)mg/g之间;芦苇湿地土壤淀粉酶活性在(0.018±0.004)~(1.335±0.070)mg/g之间;芦苇湿地土壤纤维素酶活性在(0.059±0.005)~(2.614±0.090)mg/g之间。[结论]崇西芦苇湿地过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性基本上呈现出表层土低于根层土的特征;过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性均表现为生长季低于非生长季的特征。这3种酶受土壤深度、季节影响较大。