Study on Pharmacokinetics of Eprinomectin in Sheep Following Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

A RP-HPLC method was used for the determination of eprinomectin concentration in sheepplasma following i.v. and s.c. administration at a single dose of 0. 2 mg kg-1. Eprinomectin in plasma within2.5 - 200 ng mi-1 ranges had a good linear relationship(R=0. 9968). The average recovery of the method was99.65±3.84%. The RSD% of within-day and between-day assays were less than 10 and 12%, respectively.The extract of plasma samples were loaded onto a C18 catridge. After solvent exchange, the methanol eluatewas derivatized via the addition of 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride in acetonitrile. The fluo-rescent derivative was analyzed. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows, for i.v. administra-tion: T1/2β =12. 66± 2. 05 h, AUC0-t = 1.02 ± 0.3 mg h L-1 , fc =0. 13+0.05; for s.c. administration:T1/2sa = 4.42 ±l. 04 h, Cmax =0. 02±0.01 μg mi-1 , Tmax = 15.36 ± 2.91 h, t1/2K=26. 22±9.04 h, AUC0-t= 1.19±0.37 mg h L-1. The results showed that eprinomectin was distributed widely and taken long time toeliminate in sheep after i. v. adminstration. When given subcutaneously, eprinomectin had better absorptionand longer residue time in sheep. Eprinomectin was eliminated much slowly after s. c. adminstration comparedwith i.v. administration.     

洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药物动力学和生物利用度研究

50日龄健康岭南三黄肉鸡24只随机分为2组,雌雄各半.分别进行单剂量(10 mg.kg-1)静注和内服洛克沙胂的药物动力学(简称药动学)研究.以反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中洛克沙胂质量浓度,采用WinNonlin 5.2药动学软件的非房室模型统计矩原理分析药物质量浓度-时间数据.鸡静注给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(2.37±0.11)h,Vz=(5.29±0.37)L.kg-1,AUC0-∞=(6.55±0.28)mg.L-1.h,CL=(1.56±0.07)L.h-1.kg-1.内服给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(3.02±0.08)h,tmax=(1.00±0.07)h,Cmax=(1.09±0.08)mg.L-1,AUC0-∞=(2.30±0.10)mg.L-1.h,MRT=(2.44±0.13)h,F=(35.28±1.0)%.洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药动学特征表现:静注分布较为广泛,消除迅速;内服给药后,吸收较快但不完全,生物利用度较低.     

抗菌新兽药“菌灭”在兔体内的动力学研究

[目的]研究“菌灭”在健康免体内的药物动力学规律,为该药的合理应用提供依据。[方法]以苯甲酰环丙沙星为内标,建立检测菌灭浓度的HPLC方法。给健康家兔分别静脉注射和肌肉注射菌灭,按照所建立的HPLC方法检测注射后血浆茵灭浓度的变化,选定最佳药代动力学模型。[结果]所建立的HPLc条件：流动相为100ml 60％（V／V）的甲醇溶液（pH3.0）;流速1.0ml／min;柱温：（25.0±0.5）℃;检测波长：278nm。静脉注射和肌肉注射的兔血样的血样药时数据分别符合一级吸收二室和一室开放模型,其血样中主要药动学参数,静脉注射：T1/2α=0.07h,T1／2β=0.82h,AUC=3.51mg／（L·h）,CLB=4.57L／（mg·h）;肌肉注射：T1／2Kα=0.33h,T1／2K=0.33h,Tp=0.6h,Cmax=2.55μg／ml,AUC=4.87mg／（L·h）,生物利用度约为110％。[结论]菌灭经肌肉给药吸收快,生物利用度高,分布广泛,消除快。     

Pharmacokinetics of Flunixin Meglumine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Pigs

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine （FM） was investigated in 14 healthy pigs following single intravenous （i.v.） and intramuscular （i.m.） administration of the drug at the dosage of 2.2 and 1.1 mg kg-1. Blood samples were collected at different intervals after administration, and concentrations of FM were determined by HPLC method with a limit of detection of 0.1μg mL-1. The FM concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model after single i.v. dosing in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： tl/2a, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.58±0.07 h; tl/2β, 6.28±0.13 and 7.37 ±0.59 h; V/F, 0.01 ±0.001 and 0.01 ±0.002 L kg-1; CL, 0.01 ± 0.002 and 0.01 ± 0.002 L h-l; AUC, 237.73 ± 52.46 and 147.71 ± 36.76μg h-1 mL-1. The drug concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption after single i.m. administration in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： t1/2α, 0.90± 0.07 and 0.86±0.10 h; t1/2β, 8.79±0.85 and 9.60±0.10 h; V/F, 0.02±0.004 and 0.02±0.003 L kg-1; CL, 0.01±0.002 and 0.01 ±0.003 L h-l; AUC, 174.63 ± 45.84 and 112.42 ± 31.19 pg h-1 mL 1. The results of the present study showed that FM was rapidly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in pigs. The drug was completely absorbed after single i.m. administration and a good bioavailability in pigs.     

Pharmacokinetics of Quinocetone and Its Major Metabolites in Swine After Intravenous and Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of quinocetone and its major metabolites in healthy swine was investigated in this paper.Quinocetone was administered to 8 healthy cross-bread swine intravenously and orally at a dosage of 4 and 40 mg kg-1 body weight respectively in a randomized crossover design test with two-week washout period.A sensitive highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone in plasma.Plasma concentration versus time profiles of quinocetone and its metabolite l-desoxyquinocetone were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis using Winnonlin 5.2 software.Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for quinocetone was found to be (0.56±0.13) μg mL-1 at 2.92 h,after oral administration of quinocetone.Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for l-desoxyquinocetone after intravenous or oral administration of quinocetone were (0.0095±0.0012) μg mL-1 at 0.083 h and (0.0067±0.0053) μg mL-1 at 3.08 h.The apparent elimination half-lives (T1/2) for quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.24±0.24) and (5.23±0.56) h after intravenous administration of quinocetone and (2.91±0.29) and (11.85±2.89) h after oral administration of quinocetone,respectively.Mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) for quinocetone and 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.02±0.15) and (0.2±0.002) μg h mL-1 respectively after intravenous administration of quinocetone,and (3.5±0.79) and (0.053±0.03) μg h mL-1 after oral administration of quinocetone,respectively.Quinocetone was rapidly absorbed and metabolized in swine after oral and intravenous administration.The plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of 1-desoxyquinocetone were much smaller than those of quinocetone,while the elimination half-lives (T1/2) were much longer than those of quinocetone after intravenously (i.v.) or oral administration.     

恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内的组织分布及消除规律

在24～26℃水温条件下,以10 mg.kg-1剂量,用高效液相色谱法检测组织中药物浓度,研究静脉注射和口服给药后恩诺沙星在健康异育银鲫组织内的代谢分布规律。结果表明:静脉注射后,药物在组织中代谢动力学特征符合二室模型;口服给药后,药物吸收良好,生物利用度(F)为86%,组织药物浓度-时间曲线呈现双峰,推测是由于药物在异育银鲫体内的肠肝循环作用所致。静脉注射和口服两种给药方式下,恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内均具有良好的组织分布,肾脏、肌肉、肝胰脏、鳃和血液5种组织中的药物浓度时间曲线下总面积(AUC)分别为624.2、965.9、721.8、298.0、239.6μg·h·mL-1和465.3、343.1、542.9、411.4、205.9μg·h·mL-1,最大药物浓度(Cmax)分别为33.48、16.91、26.44、18.71μg.g-1和15.30μg·mL-1,9.20、5.39、7.78、6.88μg.g-1和4.50μg·mL-1;药物在各组织中消除时间较长,消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为169.0、141.4、113.4、36.7、63.5 h和27.3、49.2、77.0、38.5、62.7 h。结论:恩诺沙星以10 mg.kg-1剂量单次口服给药,对细菌引起的异育银鲫病可以起到较好的治疗作用,但需注意药物残留问题。     

吡喹酮在绒山羊体内药代动力学的研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法测试了 6只健康绒山羊以每千克体重 10 0mg剂量口服给药后吡喹酮在体内的血药浓度 ,并进行了药代动力学研究 ,应用非线性最小二乘法处理 ,实验数据参数用一室模型描述。在口服给药后 ,经过短暂的迟滞期 [Lagtime =(0 2 3987± 0 0 95 39)h],血药浓度迅速上升 ,吸收相很快完成[t1/ 2ka=(0 33899± 0 192 94)h],达峰时间tp=(1 6 45 6 8± 0 43788)h ,之后是一缓慢的消除相 [t1/ 2kel=(6 2 3789± 0 70 6 2 7)h],表观分布容积Vd=(2 3 6 8130± 13 16 197)L/kg ,机体清除率CLB =[(2 6 2 3 46±1 473 10 )mg/(kg·h) ],药时曲线下面积AUC =[(5 0 0 73 2 7± 2 6 12 482 ) μg/(mL·h) ],最高血药浓度Cmax=(4 89990± 2 830 6 4) μg/mL。对吡喹酮在绒山羊体内血药浓度实测值与理论值进行卡平方检验 ,结果表明二者之间没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Pharmacokinetics of Milbemycin Oxime in Dogs Following Its Intravenous and Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg · kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma. After PO administration at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1, milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06±0.13 h, the mean absorption time(MAT) was 19.06, 13.67 and 11.77 h, the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz) was 15.06±0.37, 11.09±0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance(Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 m L · min-1 · kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng · m L-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve(AUC-10→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg · h · L, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.     

阿维菌素在草鱼体内的药物代谢动力学研究

【目的】研究阿维菌素在草鱼体内的药物代谢动力学,为实际生产中阿维菌素的使用提供理论指导。【方法】用初始质量浓度为0.3 μg/L的阿维菌素水溶液药浴草鱼,于给药后0.5,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,24,48,72,96,144,216,336,528和576 h采取血浆、肌肉+皮、肝脏、肾脏、鳃等样品,采用高效液相色谱荧光法测定阿维菌素在草鱼血浆中的质量浓度及在组织中的含量,数据经3P97药动学软件分析。【结果】在(26.0±1.0) ℃的水温条件下,阿维菌素单剂量浸泡给药0.3 μg/L,血药经时过程符合二室开放式模型。主要药动学参数如下：分布半衰期(T_1/2α)34.2 h,吸收半衰期(T_1/2(ka))15.61 h,消除半衰期(T_1/2β)163.22 h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)2 486.02 (μg·h)/L,达峰时间(T_peak)40.75 h,峰质量浓度(C_max)11.92 μg/L。药后72 h时草鱼肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和鳃中阿维菌素含量均达到最高值,其中肝脏中的含量最高,达到17.8 μg/kg,其后依次为肾脏(12.1 μg/kg)、肌肉(10.7 μg/kg)和鳃组织(5.2 μg/kg),血浆中阿维菌素含量在48 h达到最高(11.2 μg/L)。肝脏、肾脏和鳃组织中阿维菌素含量均呈“双峰”曲线,前两者在144 h时都有第2次吸收高峰,分别为15.0和8.4 μg/kg。【结论】草鱼血浆及各组织中阿维菌素在给药后24 d未检出,考虑到临床应用情况的复杂性及理论值与实测值之间的差距,建议对草鱼单剂量(0.3 μg/L)药浴阿维菌素后的休药期为24 d。     

盐酸氯苯胍在兔体内的药动学及生物利用度研究

【目的】研究抗球虫药盐酸氯苯胍在家兔体内的药物代谢动力学特征及内服给药的生物利用度。【方法】16只健康新西兰大白兔,公母各半,分为2组,一组以2.00 mg·kg~(-1)单次静脉注射给药,另一组以100.00 mg·kg~(-1)单次内服给药,通过耳部静脉采血,并用HPLC-UV法检测血浆中的盐酸氯苯胍浓度。使用WinnonlinTM药动学软件非房室模型计算相关药动学参数,采用SPSS 16.0软件得到药时曲线图。【结果】兔静脉注射盐酸氯苯胍(2.00mg·kg~(-1))后,药-时曲线下面积为1.72μg·h·m L~(-1),血浆清除率为1.17 L·h~(-1)·kg~(-1),表观分布容积为2.87L·kg~(-1),消除半衰期为1.72 h;内服盐酸氯苯胍(100.00 mg·kg~(-1))后,药-时曲线下面积为6.33μg·h·m L~(-1),消除半衰期为8.94 h。盐酸氯苯胍2种给药方式的药动学参数均存在显著差异(P0.05),内服给药的生物利用度较低,仅为7.36%。【结论】盐酸氯苯胍静脉注射给药的表观分布容积较大,药物在兔组织中分布广泛,并且消除迅速;内服盐酸氯苯胍后,药物经肠道吸收的量较少,体内药物残留较低。     

泰妙菌素混悬注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较泰妙菌素混悬注射液和泰妙菌素注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 7头健康猪,按随机拉丁方设计,进行单次给药剂量(10 mg•kg-1 b.w)静注、肌注泰妙菌素注射液和肌注泰妙菌素注射混悬液,高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪血浆中泰妙菌素的浓度,罗红霉素作为内标,3P97药动学计算软件处理血浆药物浓度－时间数据。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型,主要药动学参数为：t1/2β为2.04±0.23 h,t1/2α为0.39±0.06 h,t1/2π为0.12±0.04 h,Vd 为8.73±1.83 L•kg-1,AUC为3.78±0.52μg•mL-1•h-1,ClB为2.99±0.43 L•kg-1•h-1)。猪肌注泰妙菌素注射液的药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数分别为：t1/2Ka(0.06±0.01)h,t1/2β(3.67±0.41)h,Tmax(0.18±0.03)h,Cmax(1.32±0.25)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.62±0.21)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为73.51%。猪肌注泰妙菌素混悬液的药时数据则符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数为：t1/2Ka(0.04±0.01)h,t1/2Ke(2.90±0.43)h,Tmax(0.27±0.03)h,Cmax(0.7±0.11)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.80±0.35)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为75.73%。t检验比较肌注泰妙菌素注射液和泰妙菌素注射混悬液的主要药动学参数,结果表明,两者除达峰浓度Cmax有显著差异外,AUC、t1/2Ka、Tmax、t1/2Ke和生物利用度均无显著性差异。【结论】泰妙菌素注射混悬液肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较快的药动学特征。     

甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药代动力学比较研究

用健康家兔经口服给药(剂量为30 mg/kg),研究甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素的药动学规律.以RP-HPLC法测定血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理.家兔单剂量口服给药甲砜霉素和HP-β-CD甲砜霉素血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型.甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.05±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.83±0.02)h,t1/2ke(2.27±0.31)h,T(peak)(1.84±0.12)h,C(max)(6.98±0.95)mg/L,AUC(34.98+0.68)mg/(L·h),F(110.74±0.02)%. HP-β-CD甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.02±0.01)h,t1/2ka(0.91±0.16)h,t1/2ke(0.86 ±0.15)h,T(peak)(0.96±0.07)h,C(max)(8.59±0.55)mg/L,AUC(43.02±0.87)mg/(L·h),F(142.07±0.02)%.HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药动学特征表现为分布广泛,消除迅速;口服给药吸收迅速且完全,生物利用度高.     

绵羊血浆中多拉菌素的HPLC测定及其药动学研究

为利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)—荧光检测器法测定绵羊血浆中的多拉菌素浓度,并对多拉菌素浇泼剂在绵羊体内的药代动力学进行研究。试验以绵羊6只,按0.5 mg·kg-1·bw-1给药并采血,血浆样品经固相萃取并进行衍生化反应,以反相HPLC测定血浆药物浓度,药代动力学参数用3P97程序进行处理。结果表明,试验条件下血浆中药物添加浓度在0.1～100 ng·mL-1范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,检测限为0.1 ng·mL-1,多拉菌素在绵羊体内的动态规律符合二室开放模型。其药物代谢动力学参数分别为:T1/2kα为1.89±0.68 d,T1/2kβ为4.95±0.86 d,Tmax为3.18±0.89 d,Cmax为19.93±0.37 ng·mL-1,AUC为144.7±23.36 ng·d·mL-1。结果显示,多拉菌素浇泼剂在绵羊体内血药浓度较高,吸收分布迅速,体内分布容积较大。研究结果对认识多拉菌素浇泼剂在绵羊体内的药物动力学特征和指导临床用药具有重要意义。     

氟苯尼考单剂量腹腔注射和灌服后在鲫体内的药代动力学

将健康鲫150尾随机分成两组,按30mg.kg-1剂量分别单次腹腔注射和灌服氟苯尼考,用高效液相色谱法研究其在鲫体内的药代动力学特征,数据用3p97药代动力学软件分析。结果表明,腹腔液射和灌服两种给药方式的血药经时过程均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。腹腔注射和灌服给药的动力学方程分别为ρ=3.465 5(e-0.51t-e-14.88t)和ρ=7.669 9(e-0.04t-e-0.12t)。药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(3.905±0.056)和(1.803±0.133)mg.L-1.h;分布速率半衰期(t1/2Ka)分别为(0.047±0.001)和(5.962±0.021)h,消除速率半衰期(t1/2Ke)分别为(1.367±0.025)和(16.763±0.017)h,体清除率(CLB)分别为(0.102±0.001)和(0.018±0.017)L.kg-1.h-1,最高血药质量浓度(ρmax)分别为(25.289±2.664)和(42.137±3.887)mg.L-1。     

土霉素在子宫内膜炎奶牛血浆中的药动学试验

对8头健康和8头患子宫内膜炎奶牛经子宫内灌注土霉素注射液,研究了土霉素在奶牛血浆中的药动学特征.应用反向高效液相色谱法为检测手段对血浆中土霉素浓度进行测定,采用3p97药动学软件分析药-时数据.结果表明:土霉素在健康奶牛子宫内不易被吸收入血,而在患病奶牛血浆中的最高血药浓度较低.土霉素在患子宫内膜炎奶牛体内的药动学特征符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要药动学参数:药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(18.53±10.92)mg.L-1.h-1,血药峰浓度(Cmax)为(1.66±0.84)μg/mL,达峰时间(tmax)为(0.35±0.06)h,吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为(0.05±0.01)h,清除半衰期(t1/2ke)为(7.67±2.44)h.土霉素灌注给药在患子宫内膜炎的奶牛子宫内吸收快但不完全,消除较慢.     

伊维菌素和三氯苯达唑在羊体内的药动学相互作用

【目的】研究联合应用伊维菌素和三氯苯达唑在蠕虫感染绵羊体内的药代动力学特征及相互影响,【方法】借助经典麦克麦斯特法定量检查羊群消化道蠕虫感染基础上选取每克粪便虫卵数大于1500个,且感染强度相近的泌乳期鄂尔多斯细毛羊15只,平均体重为（39.3±3.2）kg,年龄为4周岁。将15只受试羊禁食8 h后随机分成3组,按照预定试验设计给予不同药物：第1组皮下注射伊维菌素（0.2 mg•kg-1）,第2组灌服三氯苯达唑混悬液（12 mg•kg-1）,第3组皮下注射伊维菌素（0.2 mg•kg-1）的同时灌服三氯苯达唑混悬液（12 mg•kg-1）。分别于给药后第0.75、2、4、8、16、24、36、48、72、120、192和336 h,由颈静脉采集5 mL血样,离心分离血浆,冷冻保存待测。建立检测血浆伊维菌素（IVM）、三氯苯达唑（TCBZ）及其主要活性代谢产物三氯苯达唑亚砜（TCBZSO）浓度的高效液相色谱（HPLC）荧光检测法和紫外检测法,并对每个样品进行甲醇沉淀蛋白,经ODS C18固相萃取柱进行纯化处理后,分别测定各组血浆样品中的IVM、TCBZ及其主要代谢产物TCBZSO的浓度。色谱条件：反相C18柱,InertsilODS-SP(5 µm,4.6×150 mm,I.D.);流动相为V(甲醇+乙腈)﹕V(水)=95﹕5;激发波长364 nm,发射波长470 nm;流速为1.0 mL•min-1;柱温为室温;进样量为20 µL。最后将测定血药浓度数据用Phoenix WinNonlin药动学软件按非房室模型方法处理,计算出各试验组每只羊的相关药动学参数,并进行统计学分析。 【结果】血浆样品色谱图中IVM和内标物AVM色谱峰分离良好,保留时间分别为8.73 min和6.16 min,且不受血浆其他干扰峰的影响;TCBZ和TCBZSO以及内标物甲苯咪唑的保留时间分别为10.04、5.53和3.42 min,且在试验分析条件下具有良好的分离度,血浆内源性物质对目标峰没有干扰。对HPLC检测方法的绝对回收率、精密度和准确度等的考证结果均达到色谱测定要求。因此,本试验所建立的方法切实可行,能满足测定血浆样品各目标物的检测要求。联合应用IVM和TCBZ后,IVM的血浆峰浓度(Cmax)和药时曲线下面积（AUC）极显著下降,表观分布容积（Vd）、消除半衰期（T1/2ke）和体清除率（CLb）反而极显著增加;联合用药后TCBZSO的Vd、MRT和Tmax显著高于单独用药组,T1/2ke则极显著高于单独用药组。【结论】为蠕虫感染绵羊联合应用伊维菌素和三氯苯达唑后,在药代动力学方面相互产生了负面影响,未达到联合用药的真正目的。由此可见,在临床实践中联合用药时应考虑它们的药动学相互作用问题,应避免只根据体外药效学协同作用进行盲目配伍和联合用药,从而保证充分发挥各药物的原有药效和协同作用的目的。     

双氢杨梅素在家兔体内的药动学研究

[目的]研究双氢杨梅素在家兔体内的药动学特征。[方法]经单剂口服给药后,收集家兔血样,经离心后,采用紫外分光光度法于280 nm波长处进行血药浓度测定。[结果]双氢杨梅素的血药浓度—时间曲线符合一级消除的单室模型,Ke为(0.76±0.13)h-1,Ka为(0.85±0.24)h-1,t1/2(Ka)为(0.82±0.31)h,t 1/2(Ke)为(0.91±0.44)h,Tmax为(1.5±0.46)h,Cmax为(12.36±2.7)mg/L,AUC0→∞为(45.45±22.3)mg.h/L,CL/F为(4.71±1.21)L/(h.kg),V/F为(6.17±3.12)L/kg。[结论]该方法简便、可靠、灵敏,适用于双氢杨梅素的药动学研究。     

不同给药方式下恩诺沙星在鲤体内的药动学研究

对两组鲤分别进行腹腔注射、口灌恩诺沙星后,应用高效液相色谱法测定了其组织中的药物浓度,研究了恩诺沙星在鲤（Cyprinus carpio）体内的吸收、分布与消除等药代动力学参数．结果表明：两种给药方式下,鲤血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织的药时曲线符合一级消除二室模型．腹腔注射给药血浆动力学参数：AUC为59．1856μg·h·mL^-1、K为75．7627h^-1、t1／2B为96．5456h、T（peak）为0．0730h、C（max）为3．2970μg·mL^-1;灌服给药血浆动力学参数：AUC为600．2961μg·h·mL^-1、Ka为0．1693h～、t1／2β为168．2871h、T（peak）为3．6655h、C（max）为3．2661μg·mL^-1．这说明腹腔注射给药比口灌给药吸收快,血药达峰时间短,达峰浓度高．     

泰拉霉素注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较新型大环内酯类抗生素泰拉霉素注射液和瑞可新注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 30头健康猪,随机分为3组,进行单次给药剂量(2.5mg?kg-1)静注、肌注泰拉霉素注射液和肌注瑞可新注射液,前腔静脉采血,HPLC-ESI-MS/MS法检测猪血浆中泰拉霉素的浓度,罗红霉素做内标。采用药动学软件 WinnonlinTM 的非房室模型分析方法,计算出有关药物动力学参数。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合非房室模型,静脉注射给药后,血浆清除率为158.3mL?kg-1?h-1,稳态表观分布容积为14.9L?kg-1,消除半衰期为65.8h。肌注泰拉霉素注射液(河南惠中)和肌注瑞可新注射液(美国辉瑞)后,吸收迅速,注射给药后15min,血药浓度达峰值,Cmax 分别为839.22ng?mL-1、746.31ng?mL-1。血浆中平均消除半衰期分别为70.3h和65.1h;采用统计分析软件Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0分析各项药动学参数,均没有显著性差异(P＞0.05),表明两者药动学特征相似。与瑞可新注射液(美国辉瑞)相比,国产的泰拉霉素注射液,相对生物利用度为117%,绝对生物利用度为112%,说明肌注给药吸收较完全,消除缓慢,生物利用度高。【结论】泰拉霉素肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较慢,与肌注瑞可新注射液(辉瑞)药动学特征相似。     

氟苯尼考颗粒与氟苯尼考粉在猪体内的药物动力学比较

健康猪14头随机分为A、B2组,分别单剂量胃管灌服氟苯尼考粉和颗粒,按体质量给药剂量均为30 mg/kg,进行比较药动学研究.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其血药浓度.采用药动学分析软件WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血药浓度-时间数据.氟苯尼考粉灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(10.22±0.18)h,ke=(0.07±0.01)h-1,tmax=(1.67±0.48)h,Cmax=(24.68±1.13)μg·mL-1,AUC=(190.97±16.60)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(8.33±0.42)h,tcp=(17.66±1.52)h.氟苯尼考颗粒灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(16.36±4.14)h,ke=(0.05±0.01)h-1,tmax=(5.71±0.47)h,Cmax=(12.23±0.78)μg·mL-1,AUC=(155.44±6.59)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(14.96±0.35)h,tcp=(23.03±0.49)h.试验结果表明,与氟苯尼考粉相比,氟苯尼考颗粒的消除半衰期更长,有效血药浓度维持时间也较长.