鸡副嗜血杆菌（HPG—A221.C668）对10个家系BWEL—SPF鸡胚的感？…

用鸡副嗜血杆菌国际标准株（ＨＰＧ－Ａ２２１．Ｃ６６８０分别接种１－１０个家系的ＢＷＥＬ－ＳＰＦ鸡６月龄鸡胚,观察攻毒后１６－３０小时鸡胚死亡的情况。结果,第５,７,８家系死亡率为１００％,１,４,６家系死亡率为９０％;２,３,９,１０家第死亡率为８０％。８５％,１０个家系ＨＰＧ平均死亡率为９０．５％。对照组（ＨＷＬ－ＳＰＦ鸡胚）平均死亡率为９０％。     

用单克隆抗体进行副鸡嗜血杆菌定型

抗副鸡嗜血杆菌血清A和C型株所制备的两个血清型单克隆抗体（MAbs），分别对副鸡嗜血杆菌血清型A、B、C中的各型参考株作HI和dot－blotting试验。一种MAb（E5C12D10）为抗血清型A代表株221，另一种MAb（F2E6）为抗血清型C代表株S1。在两种试验中，不同血清型的MAbs可与对应的血清型中的副鸡嗜血杆菌株血凝（HA）抗原反应，而与血清型B代表株91、147均无反应。故这些MAbs可用于dot－blotting或HI试验进行副鸡嗜血杆菌定型。     

鸡败血支原体鸡传染性鼻炎二联灭活疫苗菌种复壮鉴定试验

从国外引进的鸡败血支原体R株和副鸡嗜血杆菌221株和668株的冻干品,经我所扩增复壮和系统的鉴定试验证明:鸡败血支原体R株属典型的强毒株,副鸡嗜血杆菌221和668株分别属典型的A型和C型强毒株.经过免疫原性试验、毒力鉴定试验及效力试验证明,这三种菌株是制备鸡败血支原体、鸡传染性鼻炎二联疫苗最好的菌株.     

鸡传染性鼻炎平板染色诊断抗原的制备及应用

应用鸡副嗜血杆菌（HPG）A型（HPG221）和C型（HPG668）鸡传染性鼻炎（IC）的致病性血清型国际标准株,制备了IC平板凝集试验（SPA）染色诊断抗原。该抗原特异性强：不但与鸡新凤（ND）、鸡白痢、鸡支原体等9种鸡血清无交叉反应,而且可以进行鸡传染性鼻（IC）血清型的鉴定;敏感性高;SPA较琼脂免疫扩散试验（AGID）高2个滴度;稳定性好：4℃保存2年,检测效果不变;应用此抗原进行平板凝集反应检测IC抗体,操作简便,检测快速,适于普及。     

鸡败血支原体、鸡传染性鼻炎二联苗的防病优势

用鸡毒支原体的MG—R或MG—S6株和副鸡嗜血杆菌标准毒株HPG221(A型)和HPG668(C型)分别经特定培养基扩增，鉴定、浓缩、灭活后，按适当比例配制，以司盘和吐温为乳化剂，白油为佐剂和适当浓度的硬脂酸铝为稳定剂，经乳化制成用于防制鸡支原体病(AM)和鸡传染性鼻炎(IC)的双价二联灭活疫苗(AM—     

鸡传染性鼻炎的诊治

鸡传染性鼻炎是由鸡副嗜血杆菌引起的鸡的急性呼吸道传染病.鸡副嗜血杆菌有A、B、C三个血清型,我国已发现有A型、C型,其中以A型居多.以鼻、窦黏膜及眼结膜发炎为特征.本病发生于各日龄的鸡,多见于青年鸡和产蛋鸡,使鸡的生长停滞,产蛋减少10％～40％.一年四季均可发生,秋冬、春初时节多发,潜伏期短,传播速度快,快者1～2 d,慢者一周之内传遍全鸡群,死亡率不高.通风不良,维生素缺乏都是诱因.病鸡和隐性带菌鸡是传染源,传播途径主要是呼吸道,也可通过消化道传播.     

鸡传染性鼻炎的诊断

鸡传染性鼻炎是由细菌引起的一种以面部肿胀、流鼻涕为特征的急性上呼吸道传染病,本病病原副鸡嗜血杆菌通常分为A、B、C 3个血清型[1],且3型均可致病.迄今为止,在我国鸡群中尚未发现有B型副鸡嗜血杆菌感染的证据,多年来,A型副鸡嗜血杆菌一直是我国鸡传染性鼻炎的主要致病菌型,而由C型菌引起的鸡传染性鼻炎少见报道.1998年冬,山东某鸡场发生了一起以肿头为特征的疾病,经作者诊断,认为是鸡传染性鼻炎,而且可能由C型副鸡嗜血杆菌引起.有关情况报告如下.     

三型副鸡禽杆菌对SPF鸡的致病力试验

为探讨3株A型C-HPg 8(CVCC254)、B型(BJ-05株)和C型(668)副鸡禽杆菌对SPF鸡的致病力,用120只57日龄SPF鸡进行了此3个菌株的致病力试验,分别眶下窦内接种1.5×10<'4>cfu/0.2 mL·只-1～400x104cfu/(0.2 mL/只-1)C-HPg 8、BJ-05株和668株...     

副鸡嗜血杆菌PCR检测方法的建立

参照GenBank中已发表的副鸡嗜血杆菌血凝素（HA）基因设计合成了一对引物，预计扩增片段大小约为412bp。利用这对引物，通过对PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化，建立了针对副鸡嗜血杆菌的PCR检测方法。结果表明，该方法敏感性较高，最低可检出1．7×10^4CFU／mL的副鸡嗜血杆菌，对副猪嗜血杆菌、巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌在相同反应条件下未扩增出任何片段，说明该方法具有较好的特异性。     

混合感染中鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定

从冀南地区某养鸡场患呼吸道疾病的病鸡群采集5份样品（气管和眶下窦分泌物）中，同时分离到鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌两种病原体。通过病原的分离培养、细菌L型检验、生化试验、血清学试验等鉴定，证明分离的鸡毒支原体与国际标准株S6的血清型一致，副鸡嗜血杆菌的血清型为A型，动物试验表明，分离的鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌均具有明显的致病性，说明该病鸡群同时混合感染了鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

比格犬甲状腺显微与超微结构的观察

应用光镜和透射电镜技术，观察了3～6月龄比格犬甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明，比格犬甲状腺实质由滤泡和滤泡旁细胞构成。滤泡呈圆形或椭圆形，直径20．22～220．00μm，平均90.80μm；由单层立方上皮细胞围成，细胞高度3．04～7.11μm，平均5.18μm，电镜下可见功能状态不同的两型滤泡上皮细胞；滤泡旁细胞很多，直径4．40～8．82μm，平均6．23μm，位于滤泡之间或镶嵌于滤泡上皮细胞之间，也可聚集在一起形成滤泡样结构，胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒，电镜下也可见两种类型的滤泡旁细胞。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留量的不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。