Viral protein 1 sequence analysis of three infectious bursal disease virus strains: a very virulent virus, its attenuated form, and an attenuated vaccine

Comparisons between sequences of very virulent, virulent, and attenuated strains of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) may indicate sites on the genome co-inciding with virulence. In an attempt to detect if such sites exist on the coding region of segment B, viral protein 1 (VP1) (encoded for by segment B) of a very virulent Israeli virus, IL3; its attenuated strain, IL4; and the attenuated Winterfield vaccine 2512 were cloned and sequenced. A comparison was made among them and with six other published sequences of segment B. Six nucleic acids distinguished between IL3 and IL4, three of which were predicted to be expressed as amino acids. A striking similarity between the VP1 sequences of 2512 and P2 (an attenuated German strain) was discovered. Although conclusions could not be drawn concerning attenuation sites on VP1, the analysis performed on the VP1 sequences of the two Israeli strains and the Winterfield 2512 strain sheds light on the phylogeny of IBDV and contributes to the accumulating information that may lead to the identification of virulence-related sites of this virus.     

鸭Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒YH99V株HN基因的克隆和序列分析

在浙江地区进行鸭病病因的调查过程中，从患病鸭群中分离到一株引起鸭产蛋锐减而不死亡的病毒，经鉴定该病毒属于禽副粘病毒Ⅰ型，命名为YH99V株。以YH99V株的基因组RNA为模板，通过RT—PCR一步法扩增出其HN基因的cDNA片段，然后将其克隆至pMD18-T载体中，对其进行序列测定。测序后拼接出HN基因的序列长度为1785bp，该基因的ORF总长为1734bp，编码577个氨基酸。将YH99V株HN基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与新城疫毒株的HN基因相应序列比较后发现，它们的核苷酸序列同源性分别在82．1％～99．7％，氨基酸序列同源性为87．2％～99．5％。在同源性比较的基础上，进一步绘制了Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒株HN基因的系统发育树。这对于Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒毒力基因的功能分析和该病的分子流行病调查有着重要的意义。     

猪流感病毒广东株分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

本研究从广东省某猪场采集37份疑似猪流感症状的猪鼻拭子样品,接种于9日龄SPF鸡胚并收集尿囊液,通过血凝试验、血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR鉴定,分离得到一株猪流感病毒,经RT-PCR分别扩增8个基因片段,进行基因测序及序列分析,与GenBank收录的参考毒株比对并构建进化树。结果显示,分离毒株为H1N1亚型猪流感病毒,将其命名为A/swine/Guangdong/2/2018（H1N1）。遗传进化分析显示,分离株8个片段的核酸序列与A/swine/Guangdong/L3/2009（H1N1）对应序列的同源性均达99%以上,与经典型H1N1亚型猪流感病毒处于同一分支。分离毒株HA的裂解位点为PSIQSR↓GL,符合低致病性流感病毒分子特征。HA基因受体位点为190D、225G和226Q,表明本毒株既可以结合SAα-2,6-Gal型人类流感病毒SA受体,也有结合SAα-2,3-Gal型禽类流感病毒SA受体的可能,在28、40、104、304、498、557位氨基酸处有6个潜在糖基化位点;NA蛋白在50、58、63、68、98、146、235位氨基酸处有6个潜在糖基化位点,NA蛋白氨基酸序列活性中心位点为119E、199D、223I、275H、293R、295N,氨基酸分析位点未出现突变,表明本分离株对神经氨酸酶抑制剂类药物的敏感性较高,但在M2蛋白中,31位氨基酸由敏感型的（S）突变为抗药的（N）,提示可能对金刚烷胺类药物产生耐药性。开展猪流感病毒分离鉴定与遗传进化分析将为广东地区的猪流感流行和变异情况提供重要信息。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒强弱毒株全基因序列比对分析

为了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合病毒（PRRSV）致弱的分子学基础,对PRRSV JXA1株第5代（强毒）与第86代毒株（致弱毒）进行全基因组测序,将JXA1原始毒株和JXA1致弱毒株与其他2对PRRSV原始毒株/弱毒疫苗株进行基因序列比对分析。结果显示,这3对毒株（1对JXA1原始毒株/致弱毒株、2对PRRSV原始毒株/弱毒疫苗株）中结构蛋白的氨基酸突变率较高,表明毒力的改变与结构蛋白的改变关系更大;将JXA1株与JXA1-86株序列比对分析,发现编码Nsp5、Nsp6、Nsp8、Nsp12、M、N蛋白的氨基酸未发生变化,表明JXA1株毒力的降低可能与这些蛋白无关;将各代次PRRSV序列比对分析,发现在第70代到第86代序列之间,ORF1a中A₉₂₈V、I₁₁₅₅M、E₁₆₂₉D,GP2中I₁₁₈V,GP3中H₇₉N,GP4中I₁₂₄V,GP5中K₅₉N发生了改变,表明其毒力的减弱可能与以上几处变异有关。     

Complete Genome Comparison and Analysis between Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Parental and Its Attenuated Strains

To study the attenuation molecular basis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),whole genomes of PRRSV JXA1-5 (parental strain) and JXA1-86 (attenuated strain) were sequenced,compared and analyzed.And genomic sequences of JXA1/JXA1-86 were compared with the other two pairs of virulent parental/attenuated vaccine strains.The results showed that there was higher amino acid mutation rate in structural proteins among the three pairs of strains indicating that PRRSV JXA1 strain virulence changes were more related to structure proteins variations.Compared with JXA1,the amino acids encoding Nsp5,Nsp6,Nsp8,Nsp12,M and N proteins of JXA1-86 strain did not change,suggesting that virulence attenuating might not be relevant to those proteins.The genomic sequences of each generation PRRSV sequence were compared and analyzed,and the results showed that the variations among A₉₂₈V,I₁₁₅₅M,E₁₆₂₉D in ORF1a,I₁₁₈V in GP2,H₇₉N in GP3,I₁₂₄V in GP4 and K₅₉N in GP5 between 70th and 86th generations were found,which turned out that virulence attenuating might be associate with those variations.     

我国部分地区1996-2008年传染性支气管炎病毒分离株膜蛋白基因的遗传变异与系统进化分析

1996-2008年从我国不同地区分离30株传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious Bronchitis Viruses,IBV）野毒株的M基因,采用RT-PCR方法克隆测定所分离的野毒株和澳大利亚T株的M基因序列,利用生物信息学软件与GenBank中公布的部分国内外IBV毒株的M基因序列进行比较分析,研究我国IBV的分子流行学特点和分子遗传变异规律。结果发现所测毒株M基因具有4种不同长度的开放阅读框：669bp、672bp、678bp和681bp,分别编码222、223、225和226个氨基酸的多肽,这些长度的差异是由5′端的核苷酸插入或缺失造成的。30个IBV分离株间的同源性在89．5％～100％之间。以疫苗株H120氨基酸位置为参照,在被比较的73株IBVM蛋白中发现62个位点存在变异,其中以2～5、10～16、44～46、217～222等4个区域氨基酸取代率较高。系统进化分析显示,被比较的73个IBV毒株分为5个进化群,我国的IBV分属于其中的4个群,其中第一群和第四群与我国所使用的疫苗病毒株相距较远。同时发现部分近年的分离株与10多年前分离株具有很近遗传进化关系。从M基因看,在我国出现了多种基因型IBV共存的现象,分离株与疫苗株的遗传差异提示我们需要对疫苗的选用做出重新评估。     

基于N基因的小反刍兽疫病毒贵州流行株分子特征与分群研究

为探讨小反刍兽疫病毒（peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV）贵州流行株N基因分子特征和分群,试验设计了1对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术对小反刍兽疫（peste des petits ruminants,PPR）临床样本进行N基因扩增,克隆至pMD19-T载体,对阳性重组质粒进行测序,应用DANStar软件对测序序列和参考序列进行核苷酸同源性、氨基酸同源性、变异位点及系统进化树分析。结果显示：PPRV贵州流行株N基因扩增长度为1 578 bp,其相互间核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分别为99.6%~100.0%及99.2%~100.0%,与国内参考株N基因的核苷酸序列（97.7%~99.9%）及氨基酸序列（98.3%~100.0%）同源性较国外参考株（88.5%~97.7%和92.2%~98.5%）高;PPRV贵州流行株N基因编码的氨基酸同疫苗株Nigeria 75-1相比存在26个位点突变,但没有氨基酸的缺失或增加;基于N基因系统进化分析显示,PPRV贵州流行株同国内参考株处于同一个进化分支,但与国外参考株处于不同进化分支;其属于病毒进化的Ⅳ基因群,与国内参考株处于同一系统分群,但与疫苗株Nigeria 75-1（Ⅰ基因群）处于不同基因群。     

Significance of genetic variation of PRRSV ORF5 in virus neutralization and molecular determinants corresponding to cross neutralization among PRRS viruses

A high rate of genetic and antigenic variability among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) hampers effective prevention and control of the disease caused by PRRSV. The major envelope protein (GP5) encoded by the ORF5 of PRRSV has a critical role in inducing virus neutralizing (VN) antibody and cross protection among different strains of PRRSV. This study was conducted to identify sequence elements related to cross neutralization by comparing the ORF5 sequences of 69 field isolates in conjunction with their susceptibility to VN antibody raised against the VR2332 strain in vitro and in vivo. Five common variable sites (amino acid position 32–34, 38–39, 57–59, 137 and 151) were identified between susceptible and resistant viral isolates. Mutants whose ORF5 amino acid sequences were substituted with the sequences corresponding to the 5 identified common variable sites individually or concurrently were generated from a VR2332-backboned infectious clone by site mutagenesis. The change in the susceptibility of the mutants to VN antibodies specific for VR2332 or a heterologous PRRSV was assessed to determine the association of those 5 identified sites with cross neutralization. Among the five sites, the changes of amino acid sequences at three sites (32–34, 38–39, and 57–59) located in the N-terminal ectodomain of ORF5 significantly influenced the susceptibility of the mutant viruses to VN antibody, suggesting that sequence homology at these sites can be utilized as genetic markers to predict the degree of cross neutralization among different PRRSVs.     

小熊猫源犬瘟热病毒株H、F基因的克隆及序列分析

为了解1株圈养小熊猫源犬瘟热病毒（CDV）GD-1的遗传变异情况,通过RT-PCR方法对该株CDV进行H、F基因的克隆、测序及序列分析。结果显示：该分离株的H基因序列与GenBank中丹麦报道的登录号为GU266280的犬源CDV毒株的核苷酸序列相似性最高,为96%;F基因序列与巴西报道的登录号为KY057355的犬源CDV的核苷酸序列相似性最高,为95.7%。下载CDV代表毒株序列进行遗传演化、氨基酸序列比对及分子特征分析。结果显示：H蛋白共有8个潜在的N-糖基化位点,分别位于19、149、309、391、422、456、587、603位点;H蛋白的SLAM受体结合位点氨基酸序列与欧亚野生型毒株一致,与疫苗株相比,530、549位氨基酸不同,与其他CDV参考毒株H蛋白相比还存在24、41等9处氨基酸位点发生明显变异,与标准强毒株A75/17的氨基酸相似性为95.2%,与Onderstepoort、Convac等5株疫苗株的氨基酸序列相似性为88.2%~89.3%;F蛋白共有6个N-糖基化位点,分别位于62、108、141、173、179、517位,与Onderstepoort等疫苗株氨基酸相似性为89.1%~89.7%;与其他参考毒株相比还存在115、130等11处氨基酸发生变异;构建基于H、F基因的遗传进化树,结果显示：该毒株位于Asia-4型的一个小的进化分支,这与目前我国流行毒株主要位于Asia-1型存在明显不同。本研究首次报道了小熊猫源的Asia-4基因型CDV野毒株,并对毒株的H及F基因进行了序列分析,对于了解我国CDV流行株的遗传变异情况、流行病学调查、疾病防控及疫苗研发等具有重要意义。     

山西猪瘟野毒株E_2基因序列测定与遗传变异多样性分析

为了解山西地区猪瘟病毒（CSFV）流行毒株的遗传变异情况,采用RT-PCR方法,2013年从山西部分地区分离出5株CSFV流行毒株,并进行了E2全基因扩增、克隆与序列测定,应用DNAStar分析软件对所测定的5株毒株与国内外参考毒株的相应序列进行了同源性分析,绘制系统发育进化树。结果表明：5株CSFV流行毒株之间E2基因核苷酸序列与所推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别为81.4%~100%和87.9%~100%,与CSFV石门毒株（Shimen株）的核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为82.9%~94.8%和89.0%~94.9%,与CSFV兔化弱毒株（HCLV株）的核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为81.6%~99.6%和87.9%~99.5%,与17株来自各国不同地区的CSFV参考毒株的核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为81.5%~99.6%和86.3%~99.7%。经系统发育关系分析,4株属于基因2群,且705、713、725、729、734和738位氨基酸发生置换,另外1株属于基因1群。本研究揭示了山西猪瘟流行毒株的遗传变异多样性现状。     

Genetic variation of viral protein 1 genes of field strains of waterfowl parvoviruses and their attenuated derivatives

To understand the genetic variations between the field strains of waterfowl parvoviruses and their attenuated derivatives, we analyzed the complete nucleotide sequences of the viral protein 1 (VP1) genes of nine field strains and two vaccine strains of waterfowl parvoviruses. Sequence comparison of the VP1 proteins showed that these viruses could be divided into goose parvovirus (GPV) related and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) related groups. The amino acid difference between GPV- and MDPV-related groups ranged from 13.1% to 15.8%, and the most variable region resided in the N terminus of VP2. The vaccine strains of GPV and MDPV exhibited only 1.2% and 0.3% difference in amino acid when compared with their parental field strains, and most of these differences resided in residues 497-575 of VP1, suggesting that these residues might be important for the attenuation of GPV and MDPV. When the GPV strains isolated in 1982 (the strain 82-0308) and in 2001 (the strain 01-1001) were compared, only 0.3% difference in amino acid was found, while MDPV strains isolated in 1990 (the strain 90-0219) and 1997 (the strain 97-0104) showed only 0.4% difference in amino acid. The result indicates that the genome of waterfowl parvovirus had remained highly stable in the field.     

Usutu virus in Italy: an emergence or a silent infection?

A two year study (2008-2009) was carried out to monitor the Usutu virus (USUV) circulation in Italy. Sentinel horses and chickens, wild birds and mosquitoes were sampled and tested for the presence of USUV and USUV antibodies within the WND National Surveillance plan. Seroconversion evidenced in sentinel animals proved that in these two years the virus has circulated in Tuscany, Emilia Romagna, Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions. In Veneto USUV caused a severe blackbird die-off disease involving at least a thousand birds. Eleven viral strains were detected in organs of 9 blackbirds (52.9%) and two magpies (0.5%) originating from Veneto and Emilia Romagna regions. USUV was also detected in a pool of Culex pipiens caught in Tuscany. According to the alignment of the NS5 partial sequences, no differences between the Italian USUV strains isolated from Veneto, Friuli and Emilia Romagna regions were observed. The Italian North Eastern strain sequences were identical to those of the strain detected in the brain of a human patient and shared a high similarity with the isolates from Vienna and Budapest. Conversely, there were few differences between the Italian strains which circulated in the North Eastern regions and the USUV strain detected in a pool of C. pipiens caught in Tuscany. A high degree of similarity at both nucleotide and amino acid level was also found when the full genome sequence of the Italian North Eastern isolate was compared with that of the strains circulating in Europe. The North Eastern Italian strain sequence exhibited 97% identity to the South African reference strain SAAR-1776. The deduced amino acid sequences of the Italian strain differed by 10 and 11 amino-acids from the Budapest and Vienna strains, respectively, and by 28 from the SAAR-1776 strain. According to this study two strains of USUVs are likely to have circulated in Italy between 2008 and 2009. They have developed strategies of adaptation and evolution to spread into new areas and to become established.     

Genetic and pathobiologic characterization of H3N2 canine influenza viruses isolated in the Jiangsu Province of China in 2009-2010

The newly emerging canine influenza virus (CIV) causes considerable concerns for both veterinary and public health. During 2009-2010, six strains of H3N2 influenza virus were isolated from dogs in Jiangsu Province, China. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of eight gene segments revealed that the six viruses were most similar to a recent canine-derived subtype H3N2 influenza virus isolated in cats from South Korea, which originated from avian strain. By comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the six Jiangsu isolates against the most similar avian strains, we found that all isolates had several common mutations at the receptor-binding sites, potential glycosylation sites and cleavage site in HA1, and antigenic sites in both the HA1 and NA segments. Significantly, a unique two amino acid insertion in the NA stalk was found. Experimental infection of BALB/c mice revealed that viral RNA could be detected in the major rodent organs, such as brain, heart, spleen, kidney, liver and intestine, as well as the lung. All the sampled organs from infected mice showed significant lesions and viral antigen staining. This study highlights the potential of domesticated animals to become a reservoir for influenza virus and the need for surveillance programs to detect cross-species transmission.     

传染性支气管炎病毒青岛腺胃分离株(SD/97/02)基质蛋白、5a、5b 蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

参考 Gen Bank上的传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)序列 ,自行设计合成了 3条引物 ,对 IBV青岛腺胃分离株 (SD/97/ 0 2 ) RNA进行 RT- PCR扩增 ,扩增含基质蛋白 (M)及 5 a、5 b蛋白基因的约 1.6 5 kb的片段 ,对 PCR产物进行克隆后测序。序列分析显示 ,M蛋白基因与其他 IBV相应的基因同源性在 90 .33%～ 92 .75 %之间 ,氨基酸序列比较 ,同源性在 89.82 %～ 94.2 5 %之间 ;5 a基因与其他 IBV的基因同源性在 84.34 %～ 87.37%之间 ,氨基酸同源性在 81%～82 %;5 b基因与其他 IBV的基因同源性在 91%～ 92 %之间 ,氨基酸同源性在 93%左右。     

Prokaryotic Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of VP2 Gene of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus C4 Strain

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the virulence characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) C4 strain and its VP2 amino acid sequence. The RNA of IBDV C4 strain was extracted,and its VP2 gene was amplified by RT-PCR.VP2 nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acids of different virulent IBDV strains were compared. At the same time, prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+) was used to express the VP2 gene. The expression of recombinant VP2 protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that the VP2 gene of IBDV C4 strain belonged to the very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) in evolutionary relationship, the VP2 nucleotides homology between IBDV C4 strain and other vvIBDV strains were 98.1% to 98.7%, and there were no mutations in S-W-S-A-S-G-S (326-332 amino acids) and 222(A), 256(I), 294(I) and 299(S). The VP2 amino acid sequence of IBDV C4 strain was consistent with the characteristics of other vvIBDV strains. However, there were three differences amino acids sites at 201(D/G), 281(G/R) and 313(V/A) between the amino acids of the C4 strain and the very virulent strain UK661. And the change of 281(R) was in the small hydrophilic region of 279 to 290, which was related to the antigenicity of the virus; The recombinant VP2 protein molecular weight expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 was about 67 ku. This study provided a basis for further research on antigenic changes resulting from amino acid variation of 201(G), 281 (R) and 313(A). These results indicated that the VP2 gene of the IBDV C4 strain was consistent with the major characteristics of the vvIBDV strain VP2 gene. The difference of three amino acid sites in the vvIBDV strain C4 might be related to the evolution of virulence of IBDV strain in China.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒C4毒株VP2基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

试验旨在研究一株传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）河南分离株的毒力特征及其与VP2氨基酸序列特征的关系。通过提取IBDV C4株RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增其VP2基因,与其他不同毒力IBDV毒株进行核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列比对分析,同时使用pET-32a（+）原核表达载体表达VP2基因,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测重组VP2蛋白的表达。结果显示,扩增的IBDV C4株的VP2基因序列在进化关系上属于超强毒力IBDV（vvIBDV）分类,与选取的vvIBDV毒株代表毒株核苷酸序列同源性在98.1%~98.7%之间,其七肽区为S-W-S-A-S-G-S（第326-332位氨基酸）符合超强毒株特征,且222（A）、256（I）、294（I）和299（S）位氨基酸与超强毒力毒株的4个特征性氨基酸一致;但IBDV C4毒株的VP2蛋白氨基酸序列与超强毒力毒株代表毒株UK661相比,201（D/G）、281（G/R）、313（V/A）位氨基酸不同,其中281位氨基酸的改变处于279-290的小亲水区内,与病毒抗原性有关;构建的pET-32a（+）-VP2原核表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞上表达出分子质量约67 ku的重组VP2蛋白,为进一步比较201（G）、281（R）、313（A）位氨基酸差异导致的抗原特性改变提供了研究基础。本试验结果表明,IBDV C4株VP2基因与vvIBDV毒株VP2基因的主要特性一致,但也有3处氨基酸与代表毒株UK661存在差异,这些改变可能与中国IBDV毒株毒力的进化有关。     

10株新城疫病毒广西分离株HN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据基因库(GenBank)新城疫病毒(NDV)的HN基因序列设计了2对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术对广西在2000~2003年暴发新城疫的鸡群中分离的10株NDV毒株的HN基因进行了扩增,扩增产物克隆并测序,拼接出10个NDV广西分离株的HN基因全序列,其序列全长均为1 713 bp,编码571个氨基酸,均有13个半胱氨酸残基。其中GX8/03有6个糖基化位点,而GX2/00、GX6/02、GX7/02和GX5/00有5个糖基化位点,GX1/00、GX3/00、GX4/00和GX9/03有4个糖基化位点。除GX5/00和GX10/03分离株外,其他8个NDV分离株在HN基因抗原位点Ⅰ发生变异,即347位由谷氨酸(E)被甘氨酸(G)替代,GX8/03分离株在HN基因抗原位点Ⅱ的495位由赖氨酸(K)替代谷氨酸(E)。与11株已发表的NDV HN基因全序列相比较,其核苷酸同源性在79.6%~97.9%之间,推导的氨基酸同源性在87.2%~98.1%之间。     

Direct evidence of reassortment and mutant spectrum analysis of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

The complete genomic sequence of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) Gx strain was determined, including the sequences of segment A, encoding the precursor polyprotein, and segment B, encoding the viral RNA polymerase (VP1) and 5'- and 3'-untranslating regions. Alignment of segment A of Gx with the sequences of 12 other vvIBDV strains showed 97.5% to 99.0% amino acid identity, whereas alignment of segment B of Gx with nine other vvIBDV strains revealed high sequence divergence, ranging from 10.3% to 11%. Phylogenetic analysis of segments A and B showed that they were in different branches, indicating that the reassortment occurred in this strain and that segment A and segment B derived from different pathotype strains. The mutant spectrum analysis of quasispecies virus demonstrated that the mean minimum mutation frequency in VP1 was 8.78-fold higher than in the polyprotein. The most frequent mutations were in the first 1986 nucleotides (nonsynonymous mutations) and the last 660 nucleotides (synonymous mutations), indicating that the 219 amino acid residues in the C-terminal of the VP1 form a functional region.     

中国流行的2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒HA和NA基因的分子和遗传特征

目前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒是一个复杂的基因重配病毒。对病毒的分子生物学研究,尤其是病毒囊膜蛋白血凝素（haemagglutini,HA）基因和神经氨酸酶（neuraminidase,NA）基因的研究,为控制和预防H1N1流感病毒具有重要的意义。本研究对中国流行的2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒的HA和NA基因与疫苗株A/California/07/2009（H1N1）,以及不同国家和地区的病毒株进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析。从NCBI的GenBank数据库下载所需要毒株的序列,采用Lasergene 6.0软件包中的EditSeq和MegAlign进行序列分析,进化树分析采用MEGA4.1软件。进化分析表明,中国流行的2009 H1N1流感病毒与疫苗株的核苷酸同源率分别在98.8%~99.7%和98.6%~99.6%之间;裂解位点处为I/VPSIQSR↓G,不具备高致病性流感病毒的特征;有1株NA抗性病毒。尽管与疫苗株相比,中国流行株2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒的HA和NA基因有部分突变,但这些突变并不是重要的。本研究首次详细分析了中国流行的2009甲型H1N1猪源流感病毒株与疫苗株的HA和NA基因的分子特征,对实时监测流感病毒HA和NA基因的变化具有重要意义。