Characterization of bovine ileal epithelial cell line for lectin binding,susceptibility to enteric pathogens,and TLR mediated immune responses

In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 cells showed staining greater than 90 % for 16 lectins but less than 50 % staining for four lectins. Immortalized BIECs showed significantly different lectin binding profile for few lectins compared to BIEC-c4 cells. BIEC-c4 cells were studied for infectivity to E. coli, Salmonella enterica, bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Bovine strain E. coli B41 adhered to BIEC-c4 cells and Salmonella strains S. Dublin and S. Mbandaka showed strong cell invasion. BIEC-c4 cells were susceptible to bovine rotavirus. LPS stimulation upregulated IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and Poly I:C upregulated TLR 8 and TLR 9 expression. This study provides important knowledge on the glycoconjugate expression profile of primary and immortalized BIECs and infectivity and immune responses of primary BIECs to bacterial and viral pathogens or ligands.     

不同加工处理方式对芝麻油风味的影响研究

以传统作坊式水代法芝麻油、传统作坊式压榨芝麻油、商品芝麻油为研究对象，采用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC/MS）和聚类分析对不同芝麻油挥发性化合物进行了检测和系统对比。结果表明：通过聚类分析，发现水代芝麻油和商品芝麻油的挥发性化合物组成相似程度更高；此外，芝麻油中吡嗪类化合物、含硫杂环化合物和苯系物因不同加工处理方式的差异显示出较大变化，其中3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、4-甲基噻唑、愈创木酚等可作为区别三种芝麻油的关键风味物质。     

南瓜挂面的研制

在面粉中加入一定比例的南瓜蓉,采用感官评定方法,通过单因素试验、正交试验确定了南瓜挂面的配方为南瓜蓉∶面粉为1∶7,以面粉100%为基数,水添加量为23%,魔芋粉添加量为0.15%,食盐添加量为1.2%。在此条件下得到的南瓜挂面面条笔直,无并条和扭曲;表面光滑,无毛刺、疙瘩,长度适中;产品呈淡黄色,颜色均匀一致,气味正常等;经最佳蒸煮时间6 min煮熟后,口感不黏、柔软爽口,面汤不浑。南瓜挂面质构参数中的硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性、黏附性等特性与南瓜挂面的韧性、黏弹性、耐煮性等感官品质密切相关,质构指标能很好地定量反映感官评定结果。     

甜瓜质地差异及相关细胞壁酶活性变化

对两种不同质地类型甜瓜果实发育过程中果肉质地的变化及相关酶活性进行研究。结果表明,花后35~40 d为软、脆两种甜瓜质地形成的关键时期。在该时期,软肉型甜瓜‘NSL’细胞面积与间隙增大,果肉细胞排列疏松,细胞面积为脆肉型甜瓜的115.35%,软肉型甜瓜‘NSL’与脆肉型甜瓜‘XZM’质构参数差异显著,脆肉型甜瓜果实4种细胞壁酶活性总体低于软肉型甜瓜。花后35 d,软肉型甜瓜‘NSL’细胞壁扩展酶基因(CmEXP3、CmEXP5、CmEXP9)相对表达量为最大值,显著高于脆肉型甜瓜‘XZM’。     

Comparison of cholesterol levels among lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in periparturient Holstein–Friesian dairy cows

Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease.     

恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分挥发性成分与抗菌活性研究

为了研究恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的抗菌活性和挥发性成分,以恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分为研究对象,运用滤纸片法测试对11株供试菌的抑菌活性;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定对供试菌的MIC值;运用GC-MS鉴定挥发性成分;运用气相色谱外标法测定贝母素乙含量。研究结果显示:湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分对苏云金芽孢杆菌、溶藻弧菌、鲍曼不动杆菌有中度敏感抑制活性,其MIC值分别为2.37、5.93、11.86 mg·mL^-1;湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的抑菌活性与贝母素乙的抑菌活性存在显著性差异,推测贝母素乙不是湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分中主要发挥抑菌活性的成分;从乙酸乙酯组分中共鉴定出16个挥发性代谢产物,主要成分为脂肪烃(4.55%)、脂肪酸(24.07%)、含氮生物碱(23.02%);湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分中贝母素乙的含量为(16.19±0.16) mg·g^-1,加标回收率为96.58%,相对标准偏差为3.98%。湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的优良抑菌活性和抑菌广谱性,为开发优质植物来源的新型天然抗生素提供了重要参考。     

三角帆蚌细胞周期蛋白基因筛选及其表达分析

细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)对细胞生长繁殖起到关键的调节作用。该研究采用高通量测序技术,构建了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)转录组文库,进行了cyclins基因筛选与生物信息分析,通过qRT-PCR技术,探讨其在不同组织(闭壳肌、内脏团、外套膜、斧足、心脏、血液、鳃、性腺)与性别中的表达特征。转录组测序共得到257 457条unigene(N50为1 796 bp),注释率为86.7%;通过分析,cyclin A、cyclin D2、cyclin E被筛选出,且cyclin A、cyclin D2与cyclin E蛋白的氨基酸序列均与美洲牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)、太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)具有较高相似性。实时荧光定量分析结果表明,cyclin A、cyclin D2、cyclin E在三角帆蚌各组织中均有表达,且存在显著的组织差异:cyclin A、cyclin E基因在性腺中表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05),在斧足中表达量最低;cyclin D2基因在鳃中表达量最高(P<0.05),在血液中表达量最低。在同一组织的不同性别之间:cyclin A基因在性腺、闭壳肌、心脏、血液中表达存在显著性别差异(P<0.05);cyclin D2在外套膜、心脏、性腺中的表达具有显著(P<0.05)的性别差异;cyclin E在性腺、斧足、鳃、心脏中的表达具有显著(P<0.05)的性别差异;cyclin A、cyclin E基因在雌性心脏和性腺中表达量显著(P<0.05)高于雄性,而cyclin D2反之(P<0.05),cyclin D2基因在雌性外套膜表达量显著高于雄性(P<0.05),暗示cyclin A、cyclin E与性腺发育关系密切,cyclin D2可能与鳃损伤修复有关。本研究初步探究了三角帆蚌cyclin A、cyclin D2、cyclin E基因的功能,为建立三角帆蚌细胞系提供了分子基础。     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

Effect of dietary protein content on growth rate,survival and body composition of juvenile cauque river prawn,Macrobrachium americanum (Bate 1868)

We determined the effect of four concentrations of dietary crude protein, 30.7, 37.2, 41.8 and 46.8% on growth rate, survival and body composition of the juvenile cauque river prawn (Macrobrachium americanum). The prawns were hatched in the laboratory from the spawn of one wild ovigerous female. Prawns consuming 37.2% crude protein reached a final weight of 0.58 g (feed conversion ratio of 2.15), which was significantly better than the other treatments. Survival was 100% in all treatments. Protein content in the diets had no significant effect on whole body proximate composition and amino acid profile. Juveniles consuming the 37.2% crude protein diet grew faster than those fed the other diets. Specific growth rate was adjusted to the two‐slope broken‐line regression analysis model to estimate the optimal protein requirement. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the 37.2% protein level diet is optimal for juvenile cauque river prawn M. americanum in the experimental conditions of this study.     

Effects of Panax ginseng extract in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth performance,immune response and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri

In a preliminary in vitro study, a Panax ginseng extract exhibited an evident antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri and Lactococcus garvieae and affected the respiratory burst and proliferation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss leukocytes. Subsequently, the effects of a dietary ginseng extract supplementation on growth, blood biochemical profile, innate immune response and resistance against Y. ruckeri infection were investigated in vivo in rainbow trout juveniles. Four experimental diets were obtained by adding 0.0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% of ginseng ethanolic extract to a commercial feed. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean body weight 30.5 ± 0.15 g) at 1% of body weight day^?1 for 10 weeks. The dietary supplementation with ginseng extract did not affect growth performance, feed utilization, biometric traits and fish whole body composition (P > 0.05). No major changes due to graded levels of ginseng extract in the diet were observed in blood biochemical parameters except for increasing plasma triglycerides and non‐esterified fatty acids in fish fed diets including 0.01% and 0.02% of extract (P < 0.05). The innate immune response was barely modulated by the dietary addition of ginseng extract. Serum lysozyme and leukocytes respiratory burst activities were just slightly increased in fish fed all the ginseng extract‐supplemented diets compared with controls, whereas serum antiproteases and leukocyte MPO were not affected (P > 0.05). The dietary administration of ginseng extract induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with Y. ruckeri, although no significant differences between treated and control groups were observed (P > 0.05).