Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

贵州葡萄属3个野生种浆果品质分析

从外观品质和内在品质两个方面评价了原产于贵州的6份野生葡萄浆果品质。结果表明,贵州野生葡萄果粒小、糖酸比低、出汁率低、丹宁含量高。果实品质存在种间差异,其中刺葡萄的果穗和果粒较大,毛葡萄的可溶性固形物含量(15.97%)高于对照水晶,而腺枝葡萄的单宁含量高达1 178.17 mg.L-1,为对照的2.63倍。同种不同单株间果实品质差异大小因种而异,外观品质中差异最明显的是腺枝葡萄的两个单株,刺葡萄的两个单株品质差异也较明显,而毛葡萄的两个单株品质差异较小。刺葡萄菜园刺2006年和2007年的果实品质明显不同。     

黑龙江推广大麦-荞麦二熟制的生态适宜度分析

在全球气候变化背景下,我国黑龙江地区热量资源显著增加。从生态适宜度的角度分析了黑龙江地区改一熟制为大麦-荞麦二熟制的可行性。首先基于作物生育期特点及前人研究成果,利用温度、降水、日照和生态适宜度模型计算适宜度值,并通过生态适宜度与相对气象产量的相关分析确定作物减产临界值,以减产率为0、15%和30%作为作物适宜度划分阈值,进一步利用ArcGIS进行栅格叠加产生大麦-荞麦二熟制生态适宜度分布图,发现黑龙江部分地区已具备发展二熟制的生态条件。大麦-荞麦二熟制与传统种植模式对比,显示出明显的经济效益,即使灌溉一次仍有一定优势;最后从经济效益和劳动力需求两方面分析大麦-荞麦社会效益,表明大麦-荞麦模式具有较高推广度。     

LPS诱导奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞氧化损伤模型的建立

[目的]采用脂多糖(LPS)作为刺激源,建立奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞(BEEC)氧化损伤模型.[方法]体外培养BEEC并进行细胞鉴定,用不同浓度的LPS刺激细胞,在不同时间点用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率,以确定BEEC氧化损伤模型条件.倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,DCFH-DA检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量,比色法检测细胞中的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT).[结果]与空白对照组相比,当LPS浓度为80μg/mL,作用时间为12 h时,造成细胞损伤,其细胞凋亡率、ROS产生量和MDA含量明显高于对照组,SOD和CAT活性显著低于对照组.[结论]建立奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞氧化损伤模型的条件为LPS作用浓度80 μg/mL,作用时间12 h.     

根结线虫污染的温室番茄土壤修复——土壤修复剂稀释倍数筛选

为明确笔者实验室研制的不同稀释倍数的土壤修复剂对被南方根结线虫（Meloidogyn incognita）污染的温室番茄土壤的修复效果,该文用浅盘法分离土壤中线虫,鉴定并记录各处理及清水对照的线虫数量、根系根结率。结果显示：在5种稀释倍数中,稀释125倍的土壤修复剂每株、每次施用500ml最能有效地抑制根结线虫,种群数量可控制在30 individuals·100ml-1 soil以下,并使根系的根结率减少至40%以下,同时能促进有益的小杆线虫(Rhabditis (Oscheius) spp.)种群扩增（388 indi.·100ml-1 soil）。研究结果还显示每25d施用一次土壤修复剂可以较有效地修复被根结线虫污染的土壤。     

红三叶和白三叶愈伤组织的诱导和胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

以红三叶野生品种巴东红三叶的叶片为外植体,在MB-1至MB-9的固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织 ,筛选出最佳培养基是MB-9培养基;以白三叶栽培品种"路易斯安娜"和"Huca"的叶片为外植体,接种在MB-9固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织,愈伤组织形成后均经MB-9固体培养基上继代3～4次,获得胚性愈伤组织后再转至MB+3mg/L 2,4-D+0.7mg/L BA+0.2mg/L NAA+2mg/L 甘氨酸+500mg/L CH+3%蔗糖的液体培养基中,经强化培养两个月后获得胚性细胞悬浮系.实验结果表明,缩短换液时间(每隔3～4d换液一次)可加快胚性细胞悬浮系的建立.     

螺旋环剥对‘糯米糍’荔枝坐果与碳水化合物及激素的影响

研究结果表明,幼‘糯米滋’荔枝主要螺旋环剥能减少碳水化合物向根系转运,从而增加叶片和果实中的碳水化合物含量,增多果实中赤霉素类物质和降低脱落酸类物质含量。坐果率的提高与赤霉素／脱落酸的比值较高关系密切。     

Optimizing the application of dairy farm effluent and manure to mitigate gas emission

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The impact of dairy farm effluent and manure applications upon gas emissions from soil is of concern for agronomic, ecological, and environmental reasons. Yet it...     

Responses of soil microbial communities and functions associated with organic carbon mineralization to nitrogen addition in a Tibetan grassland

Alpine grasslands with a high soil organic carbon(SOC)storage on the Tibetan Plateau are experiencing rapid climate warming and anthropogenic nitrogen(N)deposition;this is expected to substantially increase the soil N availability,which may impact carbon(C)cycling.However,little is known regarding how N enrichment influences soil microbial communities and functions relative to C cycling in this region.We conducted a 4-year field experiment on an alpine grassland to evaluate the effects of four different rates of N addition(0,25,50,and 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1)on the abundance and community structure(phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)of microbes,enzyme activities,and community level physiological profiles(CLPP)in soil.We found that N addition increased the microbial biomass C(MBC)and N(MBN),along with an increased abundance of bacterial PLFAs,especially Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs,with a decreasing ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria.The N addition also stimulated the growth of fungi,especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,reducing the ratio of fungi to bacteria.Microbial functional diversity and activity of enzymes involved in C cycling(β-1,4-glucosidase and phenol oxidase)and N cycling(β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase)increased after N addition,resulting in a loss of SOC.A meta-analysis showed that the soil C/N ratio was a key factor in the response of oxidase activity to N amendment,suggesting that the responses of soil microbial functions,which are linked to C turnover relative to N input,primarily depended upon the soil C/N ratio.Overall,our findings highlight that N addition has a positive influence on microbial communities and their associated functions,which may reduce soil C storage in alpine grasslands under global change scenarios.     

结晶有机肥对土壤水稳性团粒组成及微结构的影响

实验室条件下研究了江西鹰潭红壤、河南焦作褐土、安徽芜湖黄红壤、湖北五峰山地黄棕壤等4种类型土壤在结晶有机肥处理前后它们的水稳性团粒组成及其微结构的变化。结果表明：结晶有机肥处理显著增加土壤0．25～2．0mm粒径水稳性团粒比重；处理后土粒机械强度增大，土粒中微孔增多，淹水后可见大量气泡冒出。扫描电镜下可见处理后土壤微结构得到明显改善。供试4种类型土壤的处理结果一致。