不同改土物料对烤烟养分吸收及碳、氮代谢的影响

利用一定数量石灰、白云石粉、粉煤灰、废菌棒和化肥构成7种不同的改土物料组合,以常规化肥为对照,通过盆栽试验探讨不同改土物料组合对烤烟养分吸收及碳、氮代谢作用的影响。结果表明,土壤施用不同改土物料组合可以促进烟株对氮、磷、钾、钙、锰和锌等矿质养分吸收,提高烟叶光合色素和氨基酸含量,增强烟株光合作用,促进烟株碳、氮代谢,其中均以石灰+菌棒+常规化肥组合效果最好,其烟叶氮、磷、钾、钙、锰和锌含量分别比对照提高138.5%、80.0%、33.9%4、2.3%9、8.7%和85.1%。烟叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照增加45.1%、69.2%、100.0%和336.7%;烟株净光合速率比对照高近6倍,烟叶氨基酸总量及谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸含量分别比对照提高31.54、.1、3.4和3.1.g/kg。表明石灰+废菌棒+常规化肥组合可作为福建烟区土壤较理想的改土物料。     

生物炭：一种新型改良剂能修复矿物、工业以及污水废弃物污染的土壤

Mine tailings, waste rock piles, acid mine drainage, industrial wastewater, and sewage sludge have contaminated a vast area of cultivable and fallow lands, with a consequence of deterioration of soil and water quality and watercourses due to the erosion of contaminated soils for absence of vegetative cover.High concentrations of toxic elements, organic contaminants, acidic soils, and harsh climatic conditions have made it difficult to re-establish vegetation and produce crops there. Recently, a significant body of work has focussed on the suitability and potentiality of biochar as a soil remediation tool that increases seed emergence, soil and crop productivity, above ground biomass, and vegetation cover on mine tailings, waste rock piles, and industrial and sewage waste-contaminated soils by increasing soil nutrients and water-holding capacity, amelioration of soil acidity, and stimulation of microbial diversity and functions. This review addresses: i) the functional properties of biochar, and microbial cycling of nutrients in soil; ii) bioremediation, especially phytoremediation of mine tailings, industrial waste, sewage sludge, and contaminated soil using biochar; iii) impact of biochar on reduction of acid production, acid mine drainage treatment, and geochemical dynamics in mine tailings; and iv) treatment of metal and organic contaminants in soils using biochar, and restoration of degraded land.     

不同微量元素叶面肥对草莓育苗生长的影响

将硼、钼和铁等微量元素复配成单一或复合叶面微肥,应用于草莓育苗,通过分析草莓生长情况,以确定硼、钼和铁肥的最佳施用量。结果表明:单施硼、钼、铁肥及配施叶面肥均能不同程度促进草莓繁苗数、母株的株高、净光合速率以及母株和子苗的叶面积、SPAD值和地上部和地下部的生物量。其中硼、钼对繁苗数、叶面积的促进效果较为明显,铁对叶绿素和光合作用的促进效果最为明显;总体来看,随着铁浓度的增加,其对母株叶面积、SPAD值、母株地上部和地下部生物量以及子苗的叶面积的促进作用更加明显,但高浓度的硼、钼促进作用则减弱,甚至对繁苗数产生抑制作用;不同微量元素的配施处理中,以硼和钼配施微肥效果最好,显著提高了草莓母株和子苗的地上部和地下部生物量。由此,本试验中0.2%硼肥、0.2%钼肥及各浓度的铁肥以及硼、钼配施为草莓育苗微肥的最佳施用方式。     

Composition,Nutritional Value,Functionality, Processing,and Novel Food Uses of Pulses and Pulse Ingredients

Pulses, the dry edible seeds of plants in the legume family, include field pea, dry bean, lentil, chickpea, and fababean. The contemporary definition of pulses excludes oilseed legumes and legumes consumed in immature form. Pulses have been nourishing people around the world for thousands of years and are well known as a rich, sustainable source of protein that is high in lysine and therefore complementary to protein from cereals. They also are good sources of energy and dietary fiber, are low in fat, and contain significant levels of vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients and bioactives. Owing to its intermediate amylose content, starch from pulses is digested more slowly than are most cereal and tuber starches. Whole and split pulses and pulse flours also exhibit relatively high levels of type 1 resistant starch. As a result, the consumption of pulses is beneficial to the management of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and contributes to overall health and wellness. Pulses are used in whole or dehulled form in canned goods, sweets, soups, and pastes, whereas pulse flours are becoming common ingredients in a wide variety of food and pet food products such as baked goods, pasta and noodles, biscuits, and condiments. There is considerable interest currently in dry and wet fractionation of pulses into starch, protein, and fiber concentrates for use in both food and nonfood applications. As consumers are becoming increasingly health conscious and focused on a wellness‐oriented lifestyle, they are demanding tasty and convenient food products that are plant‐based and provide both nutritional and health benefits. In recent years, interest in the use of pulses and their ingredients in food formulation has grown tremendously owing to their nutritional and health benefits and unique functionality, a rise in the incidence of food allergies, and the availability of novel processing technologies. The United Nations declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses, which was celebrated through the hosting of scientific and educational activities worldwide, all aimed at increasing consumer awareness of the benefits of pulse consumption and of the role of pulses in sustainable crop production systems. The ultimate goal was increased production and consumption of pulses in both developed and developing countries. This focus issue of Cereal Chemistry captures current research related to pulse composition, processing technologies, nutritional and functional attributes of pulse ingredients, impacts of processing on composition and functionality, potential health benefits, and novel food applications. It also includes review articles on composition, nutritional value and health benefits, traditional and new food uses, determination of protein nutritional quality, evaluation of cooking time, effects of processing on antinutrients, and flavor aspects of ingredients.     

氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响

【目的】当前为追求茶园高产盲目施肥、滥用化肥造成生态环境破坏的现象较为严重,因此如何合理施肥显得尤为重要,本文通过研究氮、磷、钾不同水平及其配比对春茶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合生理指标和春茶新梢氮、磷、钾含量,氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,为茶园平衡施肥和精准施肥提供理论指导。【方法】采取单因素试验设计,设氮、磷、钾各3个水平及其配比和对照,共14个处理(N1、N2、N3、P1、P2、P3、K1、K2、K3、NP、NK、PK、NPK、CK),在茶树新梢长至1芽3叶时采样,用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定茶树的光合生理指标,用氨基酸自动分析仪测定春茶氨基酸总量及组分含量,分别采用凯氏定氮法、钒钼黄比色法和原子吸收分光光度法测定茶树新梢的全氮、全磷和全钾含量。分析不同施肥处理对茶树光合生理指标和春茶氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,并通过逐步回归分析建立Pn与茶树新梢氮、磷、钾含量,Tr、Gs和Ci的回归方程。【结果】NPK处理茶树Pn比CK提高9.70%;P2、P3和NPK处理的Tr显著增加,比CK分别提高10.60%、14.92%、14.25%;NPK处理的Gs显著增加,比CK高23.15%,同时Gs随不同施肥水平表现出与蒸腾速率较一致的趋势,二者的相关性极显著;Ci随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而上升;WUE随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而下降。NPK处理的茶树新梢的氮、磷含量较高,相同施肥处理的茶树新梢的磷含量低于氮、钾。逐步回归分析显示,茶树新梢磷含量,Ci和Gs对Pn的直接作用较大,直接通径系数分别为0.3688、-0.8139和0.4677,Pn=12.955+26.624P-0.087Ci+38.233Gs;NPK处理下春茶氨基酸总量及茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸和胱氨酸等主要氨基酸组分的含量分别比对照提高了27.88%、26.60%、35.78%、35.06%、24.41%和24.41%,与对照差异显著。【结论】新梢磷含量和气孔导度对春茶净光合速率的提高有直接的促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度对净光合速率有一定的消减作用。氮磷钾配施可显著提升茶树新梢叶片的气孔导度并保证茶树新梢中较高的磷含量,从而提高了茶树的净光合速率。氮磷钾肥配施能显著提高春茶氨基酸总量及其组分含量,提高了春茶的品质,表明茶叶中氨基酸总量和茶氨酸等重要组分含量的提高是氮、磷、钾营养共同作用的结果。因此,氮磷钾配合施用可以提高春茶的产量和品质。     

中国盐渍土研究：历程、现状与展望

盐渍土研究是以盐渍土和盐渍生境作为主要研究对象，以盐渍土和盐渍化的发生与演变过程、环境要素和人类活动对盐渍化的影响与作用机制、盐渍土的治理、改良和利用的理论与技术为主体的研究领域。我国盐渍土面积巨大、种类繁多，盐渍化问题突出，对农业生产和生态环境造成不同程度的影响。我国科学家提出的盐渍土“水盐调控”“水盐平衡”，“淡化肥沃层”和“障碍消减”等理论与技术方法，为发展农业生产、提高土地产能、保障粮食安全、拓展耕地资源等发挥了积极作用。近期我国在土壤盐渍化演变过程的监测与多源数据融合、土壤水盐运移过程模拟与尺度转换、盐渍农田养分循环与减损增效、盐渍障碍的生态消减、盐渍障碍微生物修复、盐渍农田灌排优化管理与边际水安全利用等方面取得了积极的进展和成果。建议今后深入开展盐渍土精准控盐的高效和安全用水、土壤盐渍障碍的绿色消减与健康保育、盐渍农田养分库容扩增与增碳减排、土壤盐渍化与区域生态的耦合响应和协同适应等方面的理论与技术研究。应面向农业、资源、生态、环境等领域和行业，致力于拓展理论和新技术的研究，为国家农业升级、粮食安全、耕地保护、生态安全、高质量发展发挥重要作用。本文回顾了我国盐渍土研究工作的...     

三峡库区土壤营养元素分布特征研究

三峡移民工程中土地资源的合理规划利用需要建立在查清区域土壤营养元素背景及分布特征的基础之上,作者利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统性采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区表层土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、B、Fe、Mn、Mo、Cl等植物生长必需元素在不同土壤类型中的含量分布特征,以紫色土为例探讨了不同分布高度、不同坡度、不同植被条件对其元素含量分布的影响。结果表明:石灰土是营养元素最丰富的土壤,黄壤是营养元素最低的土壤。母岩对土壤元素分布影响明显,灰岩母岩区土壤营养元素最丰富,砂岩母质区土壤养分元素含量最低;同为碎屑岩类的泥岩、粉砂岩、杂砂岩、砂岩母岩区的土壤相比,泥岩类母岩区的土壤养分元素含量相对较高,粉砂岩母岩区土壤养分元素含量居于泥岩与砂岩母岩区土壤之间。随紫色土分布区地形坡度变化,紫色土Ca、Mg、K元素含量无规律性变化,但随地形坡度变缓,N、S、Mo含量明显增高,Fe、Mn、P含量有增高的趋势;随海拔高度降低,紫色土P、S含量增高,Mn、Mo含量有增高的趋势,而其他元素含量无规律性变化。紫色土在相同的母质、气候及相似的地貌条件下,植被覆盖类型不同,土壤中不同元素分异特征差异明显。总体来说,土壤类型是土壤元素分布的主要控制因素,不同土壤类型的元素含量差异十分显著;不同母质来源的土壤元素差异性显著;紫色土的元素分布除受土壤类型控制外,还受地形坡度、高度、植被条件等其他因素的影响,但不同元素受影响的因素及程度不同。     

人工智能对水土保持信息化监管技术支撑

生产建设项目水土保持信息化监管是全国各地水土保持强监管、保护生态环境的重要职责和重点工作,面对覆盖全国、数量巨大、年度多次的监管重任,监管工作及技术方法遇到了人工复核工作量大、识别分析难、快速精准监管效能低等瓶颈制约,迫切需要以人工智能为核心的高新技术支撑,破解技术难题。通过对遥感影像光谱信息、纹理结构等特征分析,影像特征增强技术,各类项目占地、土石方挖填量与弃渣量、建设工期、水土流失影响程度等级等大数据辅助,经过全面、精细、智能深度学习,同时运用发改、国土资源、城乡建设、环保、林业、水利、交通、电力等部门的相关信息大数据,通过关联分析,实现对生产建设项目的智能化识别。通过对项目特定的必备配套设施智能关联分析判别、相关图斑的归集,智能分析同一项目相关图斑的判别与归集。综合应用人工智能、大数据、云计算、互联网、物联网等高新科技,提高对"未批先建""未验先投""未批先弃"等违法违规行为的智能化、精准化判别率。为提升精准监管效率与效能,应加强水土保持重要敏感区的大数据智能支持,重点监管项目的智能跟踪,水土流失危害重点问题监控,细化项目开工前期、施工过程、工程完工3个时段的关键水土保持措施跟踪监管,更加及时、有效地全面支撑水土保持检查、监督、执法,全面提升监管效率与水平,促进生态优先、绿色发展,为国家高质量发展提供重要支撑和保障。     

全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置设计与试验

针对目前大蒜播种机械自动化程度低、蒜种鳞芽朝上率低的现状,基于种盒式大蒜播种方式,设计了一种全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置。该装置主要包括机架、地轮、地轮轴、测速编码器、光电传感器、控制箱、输送装置和提取投放装置,能够实现蒜种盒自动给进、准确抓取、平稳输送、精确投放等功能。设计了机械臂和机械手结构,通过理论分析建立了各关键部件参数数学模型,确定了机械臂和机械手工作参数,探明了机组行进速度对各舵机工作参数的影响规律,明确了影响蒜种盒投放间隙的因素。为了测试蒜种盒投放效果影响进行了试验,结果表明当机组行进速度为0.90 km/h,中心舵机、辅助舵机、控距舵机转速分别为26.04、26.04、13.89 r/min时蒜种盒投放后衔接间隙平均值为5.6 mm,投放效果较优,满足大蒜播种要求。该文研究结果可为实现大蒜播种自动化提供参考。     

基于AHP和GIS的广西秋旱灾害风险等级评估

为增强对广西秋季干旱灾害的风险评估和应急管理能力,该文利用气象、基础地理信息和社会经济数据,从广西省秋旱灾害致灾因子的危险度、孕灾环境的脆弱度、干旱承灾体的易损度和抗灾能力等4个方面选取因子,构建秋旱灾害风险评估的指标体系,通过层次分析法确定因子权重,以此构建评估模型并计算广西秋旱灾害风险指数,再基于GIS绘制广西秋旱灾害风险等级分布图。结果表明,高风险区主要分布在桂中盆地和桂西部分山区;较低风险区主要分布在桂西北和桂北的山区,桂南沿海和桂东南部分地区。利用广西干旱灾情数据验证表明,广西秋旱灾害风险等级分布结果与干旱灾情损失空间分布情况基本一致。该研究为灾害风险管理和灾前防御提供决策依据。     

苹果栽培区土壤参数的近红外及中红外测定

Soil quality monitoring is important in precision agriculture.This study aimed to examine the possibility of assessing the soil parameters in apple-growing regions using spectroscopic methods.A total of 111 soil samples were collected from 11 typical sites of apple orchards,and the croplands surrounding them.Near-infrared(NIR) and mid-infrared(MIR) spectra,combined with partial least square regression,were used to predict the soil parameters,including organic matter(OM) content,pH,and the contents of As,Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cr.Organic matter and pH were closely correlated with As and the heavy metals.The NIR model showed a high prediction accuracy for the determination of OM,pH,and As,with correlation coefficients(r) of 0.89,0.89,and 0.90,respectively.The predictions of these three parameters by MIR showed reduced accuracy,with r values of 0.77,0.84,and 0.92,respectively.The heavy metals could also be measured by spectroscopy due to their correlation with organic matter.Both NIR and MIR had high correlation coefficients for the determination of Cu,Zn,and Cr,with standard errors of prediction of 2.95,10.48,and 9.49 mg kg-1 for NIR and 3.69,5.84,and 6.94 mg kg-1 for MIR,respectively.Pb content behaved differently from the other parameters.Both NIR and MIR underestimated Pb content,with r values of 0.67 and 0.56 and standard errors of prediction of 3.46 and 2.99,respectively.Cu and Zn had a higher correlation with OM and pH and were better predicted than Pb and Cr.Thus,NIR spectra could accurately predict several soil parameters,metallic and nonmetallic,simultaneously,and were more feasible than MIR in analyzing soil parameters in the study area.     

西南喀斯特地区城乡融合发展乡村振兴路径研究

西南喀斯特地区是中国乡村振兴建设的重点及难点地区。针对西南喀斯特地区乡村振兴发展条件及面临的问题,该文探讨了西南喀斯特地区城乡发展关系、乡村振兴的路径。研究表明:1)西南喀斯特地区应在已有城镇体系的基础上,构建以小城市、小城镇、重点镇及中心村为主体的新型山地特色城镇体系,完善城乡城镇体系,在提高城镇化率,减少乡村人口及乡村数量的基础上实现乡村振兴。2)以新型山地特色城镇体系和农业现代化转型为核心,促进乡村经济与城市经济的深度融合,形成乡村振兴的"内源"驱动发展机制。3)乡村振兴路径,应结合西南喀斯特山地特色,实施新型山地特色城镇体系建设工程,通过城镇的辐射带动,促进城市经济与乡村经济融合;实施以"劳动+技术+资本"多重集约化为特征的农业现代化转型,提高单位土地生产率和劳动生产率,保障农户收入持续增加;实施山地特色农业的纵向、横向延伸产业化工程建设,实现农业生产与经济发展的深度融合,实现农业的内源驱动发展。4)乡村振兴政策,应着力从创新农业经营体系,加强智力、人才支持,创新农村土地利用管理体制机制,因地制宜、科学规划,完善基础设施等方面,保障乡村发展转型与振兴。     

Chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, and microbiology of lysinoalanine, lanthionine, and histidinoalanine in food and other proteins

Heat and alkali treatments of foods, widely used in food processing, result in the formation of dehydro and cross-linked amino acids such as dehydroalanine, methyldehydroalanine, beta-aminoalanine, lysinoalanine (LAL), ornithinoalanine, histidinoalanine (HAL), phenylethylaminoalanine, lanthionine (LAN), and methyl-lanthionine present in proteins and are frequently accompanied by concurrent racemization of L-amino acid isomers to D-analogues. The mechanism of LAL formation is a two-step process: first, hydroxide ion-catalyzed elimination of H(2)S from cystine and H(2)O, phosphate, and glycosidic moieties from serine residues to yield a dehydroalanine intermediate; second, reaction of the double bond of dehydroalanine with the epsilon-NH(2) group of lysine to form LAL. Analogous elimination-addition reactions are postulated to produce the other unusual amino acids. Processing conditions that favor these transformations include high pH, temperature, and exposure time. Factors that minimize LAL formation include the presence of SH-containing amino acids, sodium sulfite, ammonia, biogenic amines, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and glucose; dephosphorylation of O-phosphoryl esters; and acylation of epsilon-NH(2) groups of lysine. The presence of LAL residues along a protein chain decreases digestibility and nutritional quality in rodents and primates but enhances nutritional quality in ruminants. LAL has a strong affinity for copper and other metal ions and is reported to induce enlargement of nuclei of rats and mice but not of primate kidney cells. LAL, LAN, and HAL also occur naturally in certain peptide and protein antibiotics (cinnamycin, duramycin, epidermin, nisin, and subtilin) and in body organs and tissues (aorta, bone, collagen, dentin, and eye cataracts), where their formation may be a function of the aging process. These findings are not only of theoretical interest but also have practical implications for nutrition, food safety, and health. Further research needs are suggested for each of these categories. These overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of LAL and related compounds in the diet. Such an understanding can lead to improvement in food quality and safety, nutrition, microbiology, and human health.     

Volatile components of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of Echinacea species.

The headspace volatile components of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of Echinacea angustifolia,E. pallida, and E. purpurea were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 70 compounds were identified in the samples. All plant tissues, irrespective of the species, contain acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, camphene, hexanal, beta-pinene, and limonene. The main headspace constituents of the aerial parts of the plant are beta-myrcene, alpha-pinene, limonene, camphene, beta-pinene, trans-ocimene, 3-hexen-1-ol, and 2-methyl-4-pentenal. The major headspace components of root tissue are alpha-phellandrene (present only in the roots of E. purpurea and E.angustifolia), dimethyl sulfide, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylpropanal, acetaldehyde, camphene, 2-propanal, and limonene. Aldehydes, particularly butanals and propanals, make up 41-57% of the headspace of root tissue, 19-29% of the headspace of the leaf tissue, and only 6-14% of the headspace of flower and stem tissues. Terpenoids including alpha- and beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, ocimene, limonene, camphene, and terpinene make up 81-91% of the headspace of flowers and stems, 46-58% of the headspace of the leaf tissue, and only 6-21% of the roots. Of the 70 compounds identified, >50 are reported in Echinacea for the first time.     

不同肥料配合对温室迷你黄瓜硝酸盐含量及品质的影响

试验研究了单施氮肥、氮磷、氮钾、氮磷钾、有机肥与氮磷钾、有机肥与减半氮磷钾、有机肥与生物有机肥、有机肥与酵素菌肥，有机肥与生物有机肥和酵素菌肥配施，对日光温室春茬迷你黄瓜不同采收期、追肥后不同间隔天数采收果实的硝酸盐含量变化、品质以及总产量的影响。结果表明：采收中期果实硝酸盐含量较高，采收初期和后期较低；一次追肥后果实硝酸盐含量先上升，在6～9d达最高值，之后下降；在每公顷最高施氮量600kg的条件下，不同施肥配合果实中的硝酸盐含量和53．1～145．9mg/kg之间，合理的氮肥用量并不会造成迷你黄瓜果实内硝酸盐含量的积累；迷你黄瓜品质以有机肥配合无机肥施用最好；降低有机无机配合处理中无机肥用量或完全施用有机肥不会生产出品质最优的产品，但产量以有机肥与酵素菌肥、生物有机肥配施和有机肥配施一定量的氮磷钾无机肥增产效果较好。     

含钙镁辣椒配方肥对辣椒生产及品质的影响

当前西南黄壤地区辣椒生产中,大量元素肥料配比不合理,钙、镁肥料投入不足是限制辣椒提质增效的重要因素。基于辣椒的养分需求规律设计了辣椒配方肥,并在此基础上添加钙镁形成含钙镁辣椒配方肥。同时在重庆石柱和贵州锦屏分别进行田间试验,研究含钙镁辣椒配方肥对辣椒产量、植株干物质累积量、钾钙镁养分平衡、氮磷肥偏生产力、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与普通复合肥处理相比,配方肥的施用能显著提高磷肥偏生产力,两试验点平均提高63.7%;含钙镁普通复合肥和含钙镁配方肥的处理辣椒干物质累积量和产量显著增加了41.8%和44.3%,并提高了农户经济效益;同时促进了辣椒植株钾、钙、镁养分向可食用部分的转移,分别提高果实维生素C含量35.7%和29.7%。施用含钙镁普通复合肥和含钙镁辣椒配方肥分别较普通复合肥提高了氮肥偏生产力30.5%和37.3%,提高磷肥偏生产力30.5%和117.9%,同时增加土壤钙镁盈余。综上,在西南黄壤辣椒种植区,施用含钙镁辣椒配方肥能显著提高辣椒的产量和品质,增加农户收益,同时有效提高氮和磷肥偏生产力。     

茶生物质填充高分子复合材料的研究进展

茶叶在种植、生产、加工及消费环节中会产生大量的茶剩余物，茶生物质呈中空多孔隙结构，富含纤维素、木质素、半纤维素及茶多酚、茶多糖等多种活性成分，在农牧业、医疗健康、食品、环境治理及复合板材领域具有广泛应用前景，尤其是茶生物质/高分子复合材料的研究与应用得到快速和广泛发展。该文首先概述了茶生物质资源特点及其化学组成，然后综述了茶生物质填充不同高分子复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了茶生物质填充高分子复合材料在刨花板、仿木材料、吸声材料、制浆造纸、环境治理及功能食品中的应用研究现状。并指出今后须加强：1）茶生物质中多种组分的综合化、集成化利用研究；2）茶生物质木塑复合材料在阻燃、电学、热学及抗菌除臭等性能研究；3）茶生物质填充高分子复合材料在旅游、养生、装修等领域的应用基础研究；4）茶生物质生化成分变化对茶食品口味、外观及保健功能的影响机制研究。     

不同基质对平邑甜茶幼树生长、根系形态与营养吸收的影响

采用盆栽方式,探讨了栽培于腐熟羊粪、沙土、轻粘土中的平邑甜茶[Malus hupehensis(Pamp) Rehd] 幼树的生长、根系形态与营养吸收的特性。结果显示,羊粪处理平邑甜茶幼树新梢生长量最大,主根和侧根粗长、侧根多,对磷、钙及铁的吸收能力较低;沙土处理的新梢生长量最小,侧根细及少,对磷、钾、钙、铁及锌等元素的吸收能力强;粘土处理的新梢生长量和根系特征参数居于羊粪和沙土处理之间。沙土施羊粪后,平邑甜茶幼树新梢生长量增大,主根增粗、增长,侧根增多且粗长,对磷、钾、钙、铁及锌等营养元素的吸收能力明显下降;而粘土施羊粪,植株叶片增多,主根粗度及长度降低,二级侧根增多、增粗,对钾的吸收能力提高。     

基于模型和GIS的数字棉作系统的设计与实现

为了进一步发展和完善棉花模型的综合模拟功能,提高其生产管理系统的机理性、数字化、可靠性和通用性水平,该研究运用软构件和参数化技术,决策支持与系统设计技术,结合GIS空间技术,充分发挥模拟模型的动态预测功能、GIS的空间信息管理功能、知识模型的管理决策功能,最终建立了基于数字模型和模拟分析的网络化数字棉作栽培管理决策系统,该系统以品种、气候、土壤、生产条件等数据作为基本输入,可为农业生产者、管理人员和科技人员等不同用户提供棉作区划、方案设计、模拟预测、实时调控、生产分析等棉花生产管理服务。系统的实现为棉花生产系统的数字化设计、精确化预测、动态化管理和网络化控制提供了支持。     

添加生物炭对黄绵土耕层土壤可蚀性的影响

生物炭因其固有的特性和理化性质成为新兴的土壤结构改良添加剂,目前大多研究集中在添加生物炭后土壤理化性质及作物产量变化方面,而对添加生物炭后土壤抗侵蚀效应变化的研究很少。以黄土高原典型黄绵土为例,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究添加不同含量(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%)和粒级(2mm、1mm、0.25mm)的生物炭对坡面片蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭含量、生物炭含量与粒级的交互作用对降雨侵蚀有显著影响,生物炭粒级对侵蚀的影响效应相对较弱。(2)各次降雨中,添加1%含量的各粒级生物炭均可产生减流减沙作用,探讨其他含量的生物炭对侵蚀和径流的影响时需结合生物炭的粒级进行具体分析。(3)产流时间随生物炭含量的增加而减小,且≤3%的生物炭添加量可延迟产流时间。