中国盐渍土研究：历程、现状与展望

盐渍土研究是以盐渍土和盐渍生境作为主要研究对象，以盐渍土和盐渍化的发生与演变过程、环境要素和人类活动对盐渍化的影响与作用机制、盐渍土的治理、改良和利用的理论与技术为主体的研究领域。我国盐渍土面积巨大、种类繁多，盐渍化问题突出，对农业生产和生态环境造成不同程度的影响。我国科学家提出的盐渍土“水盐调控”“水盐平衡”，“淡化肥沃层”和“障碍消减”等理论与技术方法，为发展农业生产、提高土地产能、保障粮食安全、拓展耕地资源等发挥了积极作用。近期我国在土壤盐渍化演变过程的监测与多源数据融合、土壤水盐运移过程模拟与尺度转换、盐渍农田养分循环与减损增效、盐渍障碍的生态消减、盐渍障碍微生物修复、盐渍农田灌排优化管理与边际水安全利用等方面取得了积极的进展和成果。建议今后深入开展盐渍土精准控盐的高效和安全用水、土壤盐渍障碍的绿色消减与健康保育、盐渍农田养分库容扩增与增碳减排、土壤盐渍化与区域生态的耦合响应和协同适应等方面的理论与技术研究。应面向农业、资源、生态、环境等领域和行业，致力于拓展理论和新技术的研究，为国家农业升级、粮食安全、耕地保护、生态安全、高质量发展发挥重要作用。本文回顾了我国盐渍土研究工作的...

Research on Salt-affected Soils in China: History, Status Quo and Prospect

Taking salt-affected soils and salt-affected habitat as the main research objects, salt-affected soil research is a field focusing on genesis and evolution process of salt-affected soils and salinization, on impact and mechanism of environmental factors and human activities on salinization, and on theory and technology of salt-affected soils management, improvement and utilization. With huge area and a wide variety, salinization has prominent impact on agricultural production and ecological environment in China. On salt-affected soil research, the theories and technical methods proposed by Chinese scientists, such as "water and salt regulation", "water and salt balance", "salt-free fertile layer" and "obstacle reduction", have played a positive role in developing agricultural production, improving land productivity, ensuring food security and expanding cultivated land resources. Recently, China has made positive progress and achievements in monitoring the evolution process of soil salinization and multi-source data fusion, simulation and scale expansion of soil water and salt transport process, nutrient circulation-loss control-efficiency increase of salt-affected farmland, ecological reduction of saline obstacles, microbial remediation of saline obstacles, optimal management of irrigation and drainage of saline farmland and safe utilization of marginal water. It is suggested to carry out theoretical and technical research on efficient and safe water use theory and technology for precise salt control of salt-affected soils, green reduction and health conservation of soil salinity barriers, expansion of nutrient storage capacity of saline farmland, carbon increase and emission reduction, coupling response and collaborative adaptation of soil salinization and regional ecology. We should strive to expand the theoretical research and develop new technology for agriculture resources, ecology, environment and other industries and fields, and play more important role in the country''s agricultural upgrading, food security, cultivated land security, ecological security and high-quality development. This paper reviews the development process of salt-affected soils research in China and the relationship between domestic and foreign research, systematically analyzes the characteristics and progress of recent salt-affected soils related research, and puts forward the research prospect of salt-affected soils in China in combination with the frontier hotspots and national needs of relevant research at home and abroad.