西南喀斯特地区城乡融合发展乡村振兴路径研究

西南喀斯特地区是中国乡村振兴建设的重点及难点地区。针对西南喀斯特地区乡村振兴发展条件及面临的问题,该文探讨了西南喀斯特地区城乡发展关系、乡村振兴的路径。研究表明:1)西南喀斯特地区应在已有城镇体系的基础上,构建以小城市、小城镇、重点镇及中心村为主体的新型山地特色城镇体系,完善城乡城镇体系,在提高城镇化率,减少乡村人口及乡村数量的基础上实现乡村振兴。2)以新型山地特色城镇体系和农业现代化转型为核心,促进乡村经济与城市经济的深度融合,形成乡村振兴的"内源"驱动发展机制。3)乡村振兴路径,应结合西南喀斯特山地特色,实施新型山地特色城镇体系建设工程,通过城镇的辐射带动,促进城市经济与乡村经济融合;实施以"劳动+技术+资本"多重集约化为特征的农业现代化转型,提高单位土地生产率和劳动生产率,保障农户收入持续增加;实施山地特色农业的纵向、横向延伸产业化工程建设,实现农业生产与经济发展的深度融合,实现农业的内源驱动发展。4)乡村振兴政策,应着力从创新农业经营体系,加强智力、人才支持,创新农村土地利用管理体制机制,因地制宜、科学规划,完善基础设施等方面,保障乡村发展转型与振兴。

Rural revitalization path under urban-rural integration economic development in karst region of southwest China

Abstract: The southwest karst region of China is the key and difficult area for rural revitalization. In view of the conditions and problems faced by the rural revitalization of the southwestern karst region, the paper discusses the relationship between urban and rural development and the path, mode and countermeasure of rural revitalization in the southwestern karst region of China. The result shows that: 1) On the basis of the existing urban system, a new type of mountainous urban system with small cities, small towns, key towns and central villages as the main body will be built to increase the urbanization rate and reduce the number of rural population and villages, and to a certain extent, improve the integration of urban and rural areas and realize the rural revitalization. 2) To achieve the deep integration of urban and rural economic development, the new mountainous characteristic urban system and agricultural modernization transformation is the core. On the basis of reducing the number of rural population and rural, we will realize agricultural modernization transformation with the multiple intensification, improve agricultural labor productivity, promote the deep integration of rural economy and urban economy, enable agricultural production to better share the fruits of economic development, ensure farmers'' income is not lower than the average income level of migrant workers, and form a "endogenous" driving sustainable development mechanism of rural revitalization.3) On the specific path selection of rural revitalization: first, combined with the characteristics of karst mountain, we will focus on the implementation of new mountain characteristic urban construction projects, optimize the existing urban system through construction of small cities, small towns, key towns and central villages, fully realize local urbanization, enhance the radiation drive of towns, and promote the integration of urban economy and rural economic. Second, carrying out the multi-intensive agricultural modernization transformation of "labor and technology and capital", improve unit land productivity and unit labor productivity, resolve the contradiction between "small production" and "big market" of rural agriculture in the southwestern karst region, realize the close relationship between rural economy and market economy, leave agricultural profits in rural villages, to improve the link between rural economy and market economy, to leave agricultural profits in rural areas, and ensure the continuous increase of farmers'' income. Third, implement of the construction of vertical and horizontal extension industrialization of karst mountain-specific agriculture. Through the integration of agricultural product strains and production supply and marketing, the vertical industrialization of agriculture is extended. Relying on historical and cultural villages, ethnic villages or production bases of characteristic agricultural products, etc., through rural tourism, agricultural tourism integration project or rural pastoral complex project, to achieve the horizontal industrialization of agriculture, agricultural production and economic development of the deep integration, to achieve the horizontal industrialization of agriculture, promote the deep integration of agricultural production and economic development, to achieve the development of agricultural endogenous drive, and finally achieve the endogenous sustainable development of rural revitalization. 4) In terms of rural revitalization support policies, we should start from the following aspects: First, according to local conditions, scientific planning, to build a reasonable new urban and rural system in southwest karst mountain. Second, innovate the agricultural management system and give full play to the leading agricultural enterprises and large agricultural households. With agricultural cooperatives, "companies and farmers", land circulation, land trusteeship and other modes of operation, achieve the organic convergence of farmers'' agricultural production and market, to ensure farmers'' income and stimulate the vitality of farmers. Third, strengthen rural intelligence and talent support; improve the level of scientific and cultural level of farmers. Fourth, innovate the rural land use and management system mechanism, invigorate rural land resources, and activate the bidirectional of urban and rural factors. Fifth, further improve the supporting role of infrastructure to ensure the transformation and revitalization of rural development.