多年生野生大豆G．tomentella种花粉形态的种内差别

对染色体数分别为４０，７８，８０的多年生野生大豆Ｇ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｅｌｌａ种花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察。发现花粉粒的大小随着染色体数目的增加而变大。染色体数目不同，花粉外壁的纹饰也存在明显的差异。     

中国木犀科(Oleaceae)植物花粉形态研究及其系统演化的探讨(Ⅱ)—木犀族(Oleeae)和茉莉属(Jasminum)的花粉形态研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国木犀科54种植物的花粉形态进行了系统的观察研究。作者在已论述了4属25种植物花粉形态研究结果基础上,本文着重阐述木犀属(Osmanthus)、李榄属(Linociera)、木犀榄属(Olea)、流苏树属(chionanthus)、胶核木属(Myxopyrum)、女贞属(Ligustrum)、茉莉属(Jasminum)和夜花属(Nyctanthus)共29种植物花粉形态及其分类学意义。结果表明,3(拟)孔沟花粉是基本的、原始类型;4,5孔沟花粉是变异的、进化类型。在变异程度大、较进化的类群中,花粉性状具多样化发展趋势。本文同时讨论了李榄属与流苏树属的分并问题。     

真菌分类技术的研究进展

综述了真菌分类研究中一些常用技术的变化和发展,并归纳和总结了这些技术的优缺点。     

北美绿苹果组植物的花粉形态和系统学研究

北美绿苹果组６个种的花粉属中等大小，多为圆球形，个别为长球形，３沟极轴走向，沟中央较宽，没方向渐细，萌发孔３个，环列于３沟之中央，孔沟属Ｎ３Ｐ４Ｃ５型，外壁呈条网纹饰或近于条纹饰。６个种的花粉Ｐ／Ｅ值大小不同，依次为花冠海棠（１．３６５７），窄叶海棠（１．０１２８）、草原海棠（０．９８７７），扁果海棠（０．９８２２）、披针叶海棠（０．９７６９）和粉绿叶海棠（０．９６７４）。其Ｐ／Ｅ值可作为本组植物     

籼粳稻主要形态解剖特性的类型间差异及与经济性状的关系

通过对籼粳亚种及杂交育成品种进行主要形态、解剖性状的类型间差异分析以及形态生理特性与经济性状关系的分析研究 ,结果表明 :籼粳稻不同类型品种间的主要形态性状、解剖性状均存在不同的差异表现 ,其主要形态性状、解剖性状、生理性状与经济性状存在着密切的相关关系     

白菜型油菜Ogucms的花器形态研究

将白菜型油菜Ogucms的花器和其相应的保持系、白菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育系533A的花器形态进行比较研究，结果表明萝卜细胞质雄性不育系的花辩平展不皱缩，面积和相应的保持系比较，占70％-90％；四强雄蕊相对雌蕊花柱的位置在2/3-3/4；花粉彻底败育，无花粉。而533A花辩皱缩，面积只占相应保持系的50％—60％，四强雄蕊相对雌蕊花柱的位置在1／3-1／2；花粉败育不彻底，有微量花粉。     

硬粒小麦-簇毛麦-黑麦三属杂种及后代的形态和细胞遗传学研究

以硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(AABBVV,2n=6x=42)为母本,荆州黑麦为父本,经杂交获得硬粒小麦-簇毛麦-黑麦三属杂种F_1代。杂交结实率为8.2％。杂种自交不孕。形态上呈双亲中间型,并保持双亲具有的优良抗逆性。杂种体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=28,减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体平均配对构型为26.63Ⅰ 0.68Ⅱ 0.004Ⅲ。用普通小麦作回交亲本获得的回交一代仍自交不孕,染色体数目的变幅为37～49。本文对簇毛麦、黑麦的有用种质在小麦改良中的综合利用进行了讨论。     

柑桔枝叶形态解剖特征与抗寒性的关系

将35个柑桔品种、类型的枝叶形态解剖观测的数值,分别与冻害级数进行相关回归分析。春梢越冬期木栓层厚度与冻害级数极显著的负相关(r=-0.9266),春叶叶面积与冻害级数呈极显著的正相关(r=0.8144),均可作为柑桔抗寒性鉴定的主要指标。春叶栅栏组织厚度与叶厚的比值与冻害级数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.5455),可作为柑桔抗寒性鉴定的重要补充指标。叶下表皮气孔密度与冻害级数呈极显著正相关(r=0.4748),可作为抗寒性鉴定的参考指标。上述指标测试较为简便且准确。     

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Upland Cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.) Breeding Lines by using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Markers and Morphological Characteristics

Genetic diversity in 24 advanced breeding lines of cotton was studied by using six amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer-pairs and 14 morphological characters. The six selected AFLP primer-pairs generated a total of 535 amplification products, of which 460 were found to be polymorphic resulting in 85.9% polymorphism. The observed genetic distances using AFLP markers ranged from 30% to 87% with an average of 34%. A wide range of variability was observed for all the morphological traits studied. The range in taxonomic distance was from 0.60 to 2.77. Most of the lines could be clustered in two major clusters in both the analyses. But the correlation coefficient between the pair-wise distances estimated from AFLPs and the average taxonomic distances estimated from morphological characters was found to be 0.04. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed inconsistencies in the clustering patterns, as the co-phenetic correlation coefficient between the dendrograms for morphological and AFLP data indicated a poor fit for the two data types. From combined information, genotypes ‘RST-12’, ‘H 1226’, ‘P 348’, ‘KDCAKD’, ‘CISV 24’ and ‘H1222’ were found to be distinct from rest of the material.     

Genetic Erosion – Examples from Italy<Superscript>1,2</Superscript>

Italy has been used as a country for estimating genetic erosion in crops. It was possible to compare early surveys (from the 1920s to the 1950s), especially on wheats, with results of later missions in the 1980s and 1990s. In the early years, a relatively high genetic erosion was observed (13.2% p.a.). From the 1950s until the 1980s erosion rates between 0.48 and 4% p.a. were estimated. In the little island of Favignana there was an erosion rate of 12.2% p.a. leading to the extinction of the last wheat landraces of this island. There have been no significant differences in erosion rates between field- and garden-crops though there has been the impression that garden crops are better preserved over the long run. Interestingly extinction rates of wild plants (0.13% in the Mediterranean) come close to the average erosion rates of crop plants in the area. ¹Dedicated to Erna Bennett on the occasion of her 80^th birthday ²Lecture presented during the XVII^th Congress of EUCARPIA in Tulln, Austria, 2004