硬粒小麦-簇毛麦-黑麦三属杂种及后代的形态和细胞遗传学研究

以硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(AABBVV,2n=6x=42)为母本,荆州黑麦为父本,经杂交获得硬粒小麦-簇毛麦-黑麦三属杂种F_1代。杂交结实率为8.2％。杂种自交不孕。形态上呈双亲中间型,并保持双亲具有的优良抗逆性。杂种体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=28,减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体平均配对构型为26.63Ⅰ 0.68Ⅱ 0.004Ⅲ。用普通小麦作回交亲本获得的回交一代仍自交不孕,染色体数目的变幅为37～49。本文对簇毛麦、黑麦的有用种质在小麦改良中的综合利用进行了讨论。     

中国木犀科(Oleaceae)植物花粉形态研究及其系统演化的探讨(Ⅱ)—木犀族(Oleeae)和茉莉属(Jasminum)的花粉形态研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国木犀科54种植物的花粉形态进行了系统的观察研究。作者在已论述了4属25种植物花粉形态研究结果基础上,本文着重阐述木犀属(Osmanthus)、李榄属(Linociera)、木犀榄属(Olea)、流苏树属(chionanthus)、胶核木属(Myxopyrum)、女贞属(Ligustrum)、茉莉属(Jasminum)和夜花属(Nyctanthus)共29种植物花粉形态及其分类学意义。结果表明,3(拟)孔沟花粉是基本的、原始类型;4,5孔沟花粉是变异的、进化类型。在变异程度大、较进化的类群中,花粉性状具多样化发展趋势。本文同时讨论了李榄属与流苏树属的分并问题。     

真菌分类技术的研究进展

综述了真菌分类研究中一些常用技术的变化和发展,并归纳和总结了这些技术的优缺点。     

柑桔枝叶形态解剖特征与抗寒性的关系

将35个柑桔品种、类型的枝叶形态解剖观测的数值,分别与冻害级数进行相关回归分析。春梢越冬期木栓层厚度与冻害级数极显著的负相关(r=-0.9266),春叶叶面积与冻害级数呈极显著的正相关(r=0.8144),均可作为柑桔抗寒性鉴定的主要指标。春叶栅栏组织厚度与叶厚的比值与冻害级数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.5455),可作为柑桔抗寒性鉴定的重要补充指标。叶下表皮气孔密度与冻害级数呈极显著正相关(r=0.4748),可作为抗寒性鉴定的参考指标。上述指标测试较为简便且准确。     

植物扦插生根机理的研究进展

扦插作为一种无性繁殖的重要技术被广泛应用于生产实践中,然而目前一些优良植物的扦插生根率低,制约着其扦插繁殖技术的长足发展,而探明植物的扦插生根调控机理是提高植物扦插生根率的关键。本文从插穗不定根发生的形态解剖学、生理学及分子学研究三方面对植物扦插生根机理的研究进行综述。结合国内外研究现状,从解剖学角度对不定根形成的进程和机理进行说明,分析了插穗内含物质与生根之间的关系,阐明了不定根形成和发育的关键分子调控机理。目前植物的扦插生根机理研究已从解剖学、生理学深入到分子学水平,基于分子生物学的发展趋势,提出利用基因工程手段提升植物扦插繁殖技术,以实现植物扦插繁殖的技术创新,提高繁殖数量和质量,适应发展需要。     

家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)孢壁蛋白提取方法的优化研究

分别用SDS法、煮沸法、碱溶法和Brosson法,提取家蚕微孢子虫孢壁蛋白,并对孢壁蛋白及处理后的孢子形态进行比较研究。结果表明,不同方法处理后的孢子形态均保持完整,SDS处理后孢子为短杆状且明显变得粗壮,煮沸处理后孢子变小呈梭形,其他方法处理的孢子均有膨胀现象。SDS-PAGE检测显示,SDS法提取的孢壁蛋白出现3条明显的主带,煮沸法提取的孢壁蛋白出现5条明显的主带,0.1 mol/L KOH提取的孢壁蛋白出现2条主带;而Brosson法提取的孢壁蛋白呈现出20~30条带,体现了家蚕微孢子虫孢壁蛋白组成的复杂性,并适合于孢壁蛋白质组学的研究。     

NH4NO3浓度对吊兰叶片形态和生理生化指标的影响

采用沙培的方式,使用NH4NO3对幼苗进行5种不同的氮素浓度（1 mmol/L,5 mmol/L,10 mmol/L,15 mmol/L,20 mmol/L）处理,每1种处理方式重复5次.通过对吊兰叶片叶长、叶宽、叶绿素含量,可溶性蛋白含量,SOD活性等一系列指标的测定,优选出最适合吊兰生长的氮素浓度.结果表明：5 mmol/L处理的吊兰叶片,其叶片长度、宽度、叶绿素以及蛋白质含量和SOD,POD活性都明显高于其它浓度.     

灰树花的分离与鉴定

采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法,对采集自贵州省惠水县的一株担子茵进行鉴定.结果表明:该担子菌担子果有柄,担孢子卵圆形或椭圆形,单胞,透明(5.2～7.6)μm×(3.5～4.5)μm;茵丝无色至淡黄色,少分支;PDA培养基上茵落正面乳白色,背面淡黄色,生长缓慢.经rDNA-ITS序列分析,该真菌与GenBank中灰树花茵(Grifola frondosa)的同源性达100％.结合形态学特征,确认该担子茵为灰树花(G.frondosa).     

Morphological Changes and Function of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Eddo Roots in Hydroponic Solution Containing Calcium at Various Concentrations

Abstract

Morphological changes and function of calcium oxalate crystals in eddo roots in hydroponic solution containing calcium at various concentrations were investigated. Bundles of needle-shaped crystals in crystal idioblasts were tubularly arranged in the peripheral part of cortex in the apical zone of primary roots. Under scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, crystals in the idioblasts of roots cultured in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution but smaller than those in the solutions containing either 15 mM calcium nitrate or 15 mM calcium chloride. The number and area of crystal bundles in the sections of the apical zone in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were significantly larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution and smaller than those in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium. The calcium mapping image obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed that the amount of calcium in crystal idioblasts was increased with increasing calcium concentration in the solutions. However, the weight percentage of calcium per cortex parenchyma cell in root apical zone did not vary significantly with the concentration of calcium in the solutions. In the root zone apart from the root apex having no crystals, the weight percentage of calcium per cortex parenchyma cell in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium was significantly higher than that in either 0 mM calcium or 1 mM calcium nitrate solution. These results suggested that the crystals in the tubular arrangement participated in the regulation of calcium levels in the apical zone of primary roots.     

Developmental Responses of Wheat cv. Norin 61 to Fluence Rate of Green Light

Summary

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) plants were grown under five different photon flux densities obtained by modulating the number of green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under white fluorescent lamps. The experiment was conducted under continuous irradiation at a constant temperature of 20°C to clarify the developmental responses of wheat to the fluence rate of green light. The higher the photon flux density of green light, the shorter the number of days from emergence to heading. The earliest heading was observed in the plants grown under 496 green LEDs, 32.0 days after emergence. A significant logarithmic function could fit the relationship between the fluence rate of green light and developmental rate. In this report, principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to analyze the confounding of green light versus photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) with 17 developmental and morphological traits. The eigenvalues explained were 5.64, 3.20, and 2.61, respectively, for the first, second and third principal components (PCs). The first PC was assumed as the factor related to the isometric growth, and the third PC was assumed as the factor related to the developmental rate and culm elongation. Therefore, it was supposed that the first and third PCs were affected by the PPFD and the photon flux density of green light, respectively. The results suggested that the fluence rate of green light affects the development of wheat as a signal source. Furthermore, the development of wheat was promoted by the green light independent of PPFD.