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61.
62.
桑卷叶枯病是桑树的主要真菌病害之一。采用常规的微生物学试验方法观察病原菌桑单胞枝霉菌(Hormodendrummori Yendo)的形态并研究病原菌的分离培养条件。结果表明,病原菌在PDA培养基上生长良好,形成白色圆形凸状菌落,并能产生大量的暗蓝褐色分生孢子梗和淡灰色分生孢子;菌丝的生长温度为8~40℃,产生分生孢子的温度为10~38℃,分生孢子的致死温度为50~55℃,菌丝生长和分生孢子产生的最适温度为25~30℃;适合菌丝生长的pH为4.5~11.0,最适pH为6~7;相对湿度大有利于菌丝生长和分生孢子的产生与萌发;连续光照可促进产孢。以上结果信息可供研究桑卷叶枯病病原菌的危害特点和建立病害的有效防治方法参考。 相似文献
63.
Maintenance of demographically and genetically self-sustaining populations in captivity can assist conservation of threatened species. Captivity can, however, lead to changes in phenotype, though to date this issue has received little attention in reptiles. We compared phenotypic differences in the now critically-endangered Otago skink (Oligosoma otagense) between wild specimens (Otago, southern New Zealand) and in captivity (North Island). Individuals of this long-lived, viviparous species have been maintained up to three generations in captivity, primarily by private herpetoculturists, but increasingly there is interest in integrating management of captive stocks with conservation in situ. For the same snout-vent length, captive skinks pooled across three colonies had a significantly heavier body mass, wider tail base, longer tail (juveniles only), faster growth rate and much slower sprint speed than in the wild. Captive skinks also lacked ectoparasitic mites and haemogregarine parasites, and experienced warmer temperatures with probably greater access to food. Our study demonstrates the importance of not treating captive management for conservation as a tool of last resort. Important questions, if captive-raised animals are to be released to the wild, are is it better for released skinks to run swiftly or to be heavy-bodied, and what role does reinfestation with native parasites have in determining this balance? We also recommend genetic analysis and studbook management of captive stocks, research to determine implications of heavy body mass for reproduction in captivity, and production of at least some offspring for release inside larger enclosures within the local climate. 相似文献
64.
Jos Manuel Cano Hannu Sakari Mkinen Tuomas Leinonen Jrg Freyhof Juha Meril 《Biological conservation》2008,141(4):1055-1066
The fact that the intraspecific genetic differentiation in neutral genetic markers and genes coding for adaptive traits are not typically correlated has caused a great deal of conceptual and practical trouble in delimitation of conservation units. Although the importance of combining information on adaptive genetic divergence with information on historical and recent gene flow in the delimitation of conservation units has been recognized, integrated empirical studies to this end are still rare. We explored the evidence for the specific conservation status of two freshwater three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations on the Adriatic side of the Balkan Peninsula by comparing their phenotypic and genetic characteristics to those of other representative European populations. Apart from focusing on the neutral genetic divergence in mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite markers, we also compared the patterns of morphological differentiation (i.e. bony armour development) resulting from adaptation to freshwater environments. The Balkanic populations formed two distinct groups with regard to neutral genetic variation and had the least developed bony armour of all the examined populations. All morphometric analyses identified the two Balkanic populations as phenotypically – and hence most likely also ecologically – clearly distinct from other European three-spined stickleback populations. These results suggest that the two Balkanic populations (River Neretva and River Zeta) fulfil the most stringent criteria (i.e. lack of genetic and ecological exchangeability) to be classified as conservation units distinct from other European three-spined stickleback populations. 相似文献
65.
Soil development along primary succession sequences on moraines of Hailuogou Glacier,Gongga Mountain,Sichuan, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Soil properties related to soil development were measured in six profiles over approximately 180 years of soil development on recessional moraines of the Hailuogou Glacier, Sichuan of southwestern China. It is hypothesized that soil development is strictly time-dependent. Field and laboratory work indicate that as soil develops from initially coarse gravel outwash, the properties undergo a progressive physical and chemical change such that there is a considerable profile differentiation between the youngest and the oldest soils. The pH is also highly stratified; it decreases with time from 8.5 to 4.2 in the upper mineral soil and increases with depth in all profiles. Accumulation of soil organic C and N increases with time but the rates of accumulation become slower with time. Within the investigated timespan, soil C and N accumulated to a considerable level of 3.5 and 0.6 kg/m2 respectively, with mean annual rates of 28 g/m2 for carbon and 3.5 g/m2 for nitrogen. The rapid accumulation of organic C and N accelerates the processes of soil formation, but the content of organic C and N did not reach a steady-state during the observed timespan. The accumulation of soil organic matter results in increased acid production and in the chemical weathering of minerals that promote formation and translocation of the clay fraction and leaching of carbonate; it is also directly responsible for development of soil properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), and bulk density. 相似文献
66.
For the selection of donors with valuable characteristics for breeding, 39 thyme accessions were evaluated in three years
according to a staggered schedule. The criteria investigated were: winter hardiness, beginning of flowering, growth height,
yield of the dry herb, content of essential oil, composition of the essential oil, DNA content of cell nuclei and number of
chromosomes. The most strongly varying traits between the populations were the yield of dry herb, the content of essential
oil and the content of volatile phenols with coefficients of variation (CV) between CV 40% and 50%. The largest variation
within a population was detected for the yield of dry herb (CV 25–46%) and the content of essential oil (CV 17–48%). The homogeneity
of the populations was different. The minimal average coefficient of variation of all traits (CV 19%) was determined in the
population of the cultivar ‘Varico II’ and in a population from Lithuania. The ploidy level of T. vulgaris was diploid (2n = 30). 相似文献
67.
68.
三种禾谷类作物强、弱势粒淀粉粒形态与粒度分布的比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究以水稻品种武运粳24和扬两优6号、小麦品种扬麦16和宁麦13及玉米品种登海11和农乐988为试验材料,分别提取其成熟期强、弱势粒的淀粉粒,观察比较不同作物及其强、弱势粒间淀粉粒形态和淀粉粒数量、体积和表面积分布特性。结果表明,3种禾谷类作物间淀粉粒形态大小差异明显,粒径表现为玉米>小麦>水稻。水稻淀粉粒呈有棱角的无规则状,小麦淀粉粒呈透镜体状或球体状,玉米淀粉粒呈椭球体状、多面体状或圆球体状。水稻和玉米淀粉粒数量、体积和表面积分别成单峰、三峰和双峰分布;小麦淀粉粒数量呈单峰分布,体积呈微弱的四峰分布,表面积呈三峰分布。水稻、小麦和玉米淀粉粒按各自粒径不同人为划分为小淀粉粒、中淀粉粒和大淀粉粒,分界线分别为1.5 μm和20.0 μm、5.0 μm和50.0 μm、4.0 μm和50.0 μm。3种作物籽粒淀粉粒的总体积主要决定于中淀粉粒体积。3种作物的强、弱势粒间小淀粉粒粒度分布比例及中淀粉粒所占数量比例没有明显差异,但各作物强势粒的中淀粉粒所占的体积和表面积比例均显著高于弱势粒,大淀粉粒的分布比例低于弱势粒。强、弱势粒的中淀粉粒所占体积比例与其淀粉积累量和粒重的高低变化趋势一致。表明淀粉粒体积是决定粒重的一个重要因素,增加弱势粒的中淀粉粒体积或减小大淀粉粒体积可望增加其粒重。 相似文献
69.
70.
采用定性与定量相结合的研究方法对龙井市城市形态进行研究,基于GIS平台,利用2006,2011年2期龙井市土地利用现状图、城市规划图等资料,直观展现了龙井市城市空间形态变化及城市形态的类型,并采用分形维数和紧凑度指数分析了2006,2011年龙井市城市空间形态的特征。结果表明,龙井市城市空间分形维数由2006年的1.196增加到2011年的1.218,说明城市边界形状变得复杂,城区周界变得不规则。而城市紧凑度指数由0.283降低到0.260,说明城市形态变得离散。因此,为提高城市的紧凑度,应增加城市南部和北部已开发土地的利用效率,以及提高城市东北部与中部的联系程度。 相似文献