人参对梅花鹿精液品质及产仔率的影响

为了考察人参对梅花鹿精液品质及产仔率的影响,将繁殖准备期的健康雄性梅花鹿32头随机分为4个处理(T1～T4),每个处理8头,T1～T4为基础精料中分别添加人参0、0.4、0.8、1.6 g/kg。结果表明:日粮中添加人参,显著提高了梅花鹿的采精液量、精子活力、精子抗力、精子密度、精子存活时间、精子存活指数(P<0.05);显著降低了精子畸形率(P<0.05);对精液pH值的影响没有显著差异(P>0.05);提高了采精成功率和产仔率;精液云雾状T3处理组最明显,精液色泽均为乳白色。梅花鹿精料中添加人参0.8 g/kg时,对提高梅花鹿精液品质和产仔率效果最好,有利于鹿的繁育。     

麋鹿头骨的解剖学研究

2009年4-10月,对48例麋鹿头骨的11项形态学基本指标进行了测量和统计学分析,结果表明:麇鹿头骨在4岁前生长发育迅速,4岁之后生长速率趋缓,说明麋鹿头骨的发育滞后于体成熟;头骨各变量间相关性程度具有一定的差异,但多数达到相关显著或极显著;雌雄麋鹿头骨之间的差异极显著,属于典型的性二型动物,与其他鹿科动物相比,麋鹿...     

东北梅花鹿线粒体COⅡ基因序列的遗传结构及其系统发育分析

采用基因测序方法,对3种东北梅花鹿的COⅡ基因片段进行了PCR扩增和测序。结果表明,3种东北梅花鹿COⅡ基因片段长度均为740bp,A＋T含量都大于G＋C含量。3个品种单倍型多样性较高（0.673～0.717）,就单个品种而言,敖东梅花鹿的遗传多样性最高。     

活性炭对梅花鹿胎盘寡肽脱色脱腥条件的优化研究

利用活性炭的吸附作用,对梅花鹿胎盘寡肽脱色脱腥的最佳工艺进行研究。通过正交试验方差分析研究脱色脱腥过程中的最佳工艺条件。各试验因素对脱色率的影响顺序为:添加量>脱色温度>脱色时间;对于寡肽损失率的影响顺序为:添加量>脱色时间>脱色温度。结果表明:利用活性炭对梅花鹿胎盘寡肽脱色脱腥的最佳工艺条件为:活性炭用量2.0%,脱色pH值11,脱色温度70℃,脱色时间60min。此工艺条件下脱色率为74.8%,寡肽损失率为19.5%,无腥味。     

梅花鹿仔鹿配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平的研究

为了探讨不同蛋白质水平配合日粮对梅花鹿仔鹿消化率及血液生化指标的影响,选择14头10月龄梅花鹿随机分成4组,分别饲喂4种不同蛋白质水平的配合日粮(平均粗蛋白质水平分剐为10.27％,14.26％,15.61％和18.60％),进行饲养试验和消化试验,测定并分析仔鹿干物质采食量、体重、营养物质采食量及表现消化率、蛋白质采...     

The complete mitochondrial genome of the domestic red deer (Cervus elaphus) of New Zealand and its phylogenic position within the family Cervidae

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the semidomestic red deer (Cervus elaphus) of New Zealand. The genome was 16 357 bp long and contained 13 protein‐coding genes, 12SrRNA, 16SrRNA, 22 tRNAs and a D‐loop as found in other mammals. Database homology searches showed that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence from the New Zealand semidomestic deer was similar to partial mtDNA sequences from the European, Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Spanish red deer (C. e. hispanicus). Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial protein‐coding regions revealed two well‐defined monophyletic clades in subfamilies Cervinae and Muntiacinae. However, red deer and Sika deer were not found to be close relatives. The analysis did identify the red deer as a sister taxon of a Samber/Sika deer clade, although it was more closely related to the Samber than the Sika group.     

White-tailed deer herbivory and timber harvesting rates: Implications for regeneration success

Herbivory by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can affect forest regeneration. Typical measures to ensure forest regeneration have included physical barriers or direct manipulation of deer densities. However, altering silvicultural practices to provide abundant deer forage has not been tested thoroughly. We examined browse species preferences and changes in herbivory rates in 1–6 year old regeneration areas from 2001 to 2004 in the central Appalachians on the MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest in West Virginia. Woody vegetation reached the maximum plot coverage by the 4th growing season. However, the establishment of less abundant woody species, such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra), may be inhibited when browsed greater than or proportionally to occurrence. Herbivory rates declined precipitously as the amount of early successional habitat increased on our study site. We conclude that providing approximately 14% of an area in well-distributed, even-aged managed forests can have substantial impacts on reducing herbivory rates. However, management practices also should consider harvesting effects on hard mast production, habitat requirements of other species, and hardwood lumber marketability.     

麝致病性大肠杆菌的质粒DNA分析

[目的]将麝致病性大肠杆菌从分子水平上分型,为麝大肠杆菌的分子流行学研究提供基础材料。[方法]采用Lysis Triton法对24株麝致病性大肠杆菌进行质粒抽提,并用HindⅢ、EcoRⅠ及BamHⅠ3种内切酶对质粒进行单酶切。[结果]质粒得率为91.6%,24株麝致病性大肠杆菌具有相同或相似的质粒图谱。[结论]质粒DNA分析为四川养麝场致病性大肠杆菌的分子流行病学提供了科学依据。     

妊娠后期梅花鹿母鹿精料营养成分分析及营养物质表观消化率测定

本研究采用化学分析和部分粪便收集法,对大连森林动物园妊娠后期梅花鹿精料营养成分及主要营养物质的表观消化率进行测定。结果表明:大连其精料中干物质(DM)含量为95.71%,粗蛋白(CP)为22.88%,粗脂肪(EE)为5.37%,粗纤维(CF)为4.16%,无氮浸出物(NFE)为56.21%,粗灰分(Ash)为7.09%,Ca为1.57%,总能(GE)含量为17.74mJ/kg;母鹿日干物质摄入量为1.26kg,DM、CP、CF、Ca和GE表观消化率分别为74.26%,74.26%,82.74%,69.38%,79.41%和78.25%。精料中主要营养成分、干物质日摄入量及营养物质消化率均较高,能满足妊娠后期梅花鹿母鹿在动物园这种特殊环境下的营养需要。     

麋鹿非繁殖期生境适宜度评价指标探讨

根据麋鹿生境分布特点,将影响麋鹿生境适宜度的因素分为非生物因子、生物因子和干扰因子,运用麋鹿的生物学、生态学研究成果,对我国麋鹿生境适宜度评价指标进行了探讨。在众多影响麋鹿生存的因子中,植被、食物、水源、外界干扰、生境类型、生态安全等被确定为影响麋鹿生境适宜的主要评价因子,制定了麋鹿生境适宜度评估模型,并赋予了相应分值,可为我国麋鹿栖息地评价提供参考。