Severe alopecia due to demodicosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Belgium

Demodex mites are part of the normal fauna of hair follicles of many, if not all, healthy mammal species. Normally these parasites live in harmony with their host, however in states of putative immunosuppression the acarids undergo excessive proliferation and cause clinical disease, which may be localised or generalised. This paper describes four cases of demodicosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) with localised to generalised alopecia.     

昆明地区梅花鹿养殖评价

5模拟鹿场经济效益分析5．1鹿场建设的指导思想和原则（1）肉、茸兼用是鹿场设计时的一个主导思想．在存栏梅花鹿中既要有相当数量公鹿,保持产茸量,又要有一定数量母鹿,以繁殖补充每年肉用应的消耗量．（2）提高鹿产品的综合加工能力是鹿场规划的基本原则．综合利用能提高养殖场的经济效益,鉴于昆明地区目前尚无专门的鹿产品加工厂,兴建一加工厂不仅可以加工自己的产品,而且可以面向其它养殖场．（3）鹿场规划生产年限应落在生产稳定期之后．鹿场建设大致可分为3个时期．第1期为育成期,建场的前4年基本上为幼鹿的育成阶段,该期的经…     

半散放条件下梅花鹿初夏昼间活动节律

初夏,对半散放条件下梅花鹿的各种行为进行了研究。结果表明：梅花鹿的取食卧息行为有较的一致性。取食行为构成梅花鹿初夏的主要活动,占昼间时间的６７．４７％,梅花鹿在昼间表现为３个取食高峰。雌雄梅花鹿在初夏的行为差异不显著,在不同天气情况下雌雄梅花鹿的行为差异也不显著。     

Effects of immunocontraception on a suburban population of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus

Abundant populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in North America have altered the structure of some forest communities and caused serious conflicts with farmers, gardeners, and motorists, encouraging the search for novel techniques to control populations of deer and other wildlife. We administered the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccine to female white-tailed deer living on the 233-ha campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. Although some tested PZP preparations proved more effective than others, the number of fawns produced per female was significantly lower in treated than untreated females. Following the onset of contraceptive treatments, the population declined by an average of 7.9% per year, and population declines were larger following years when a higher proportion of females was treated. High mortality due largely to deer-vehicle collisions and low population fertility associated with high deer densities facilitated the observed population decline.     

东北梅花鹿优化育种规划中育种目标的确定

讨论了东北梅花鹿依据经济指标确定育种目标的问题 ,以及在东北梅花鹿育种规划中 ,应如何挑选在综合育种目标中的生产性状及其对应的选择性状。并着重介绍了应用综合育种值作为数量化育种目标的方法。指出在确定以茸用为主的东北梅花鹿育种目标时 ,除了主要考虑茸用性状外 ,还应适当地考虑繁殖和使用寿命等性状 ,同时对于直接影响茸鹿生产效益的直接性状和次级性状不容忽视。     

人参对梅花鹿精液品质及产仔率的影响

为了考察人参对梅花鹿精液品质及产仔率的影响,将繁殖准备期的健康雄性梅花鹿32头随机分为4个处理(T1～T4),每个处理8头,T1～T4为基础精料中分别添加人参0、0.4、0.8、1.6 g/kg。结果表明:日粮中添加人参,显著提高了梅花鹿的采精液量、精子活力、精子抗力、精子密度、精子存活时间、精子存活指数(P<0.05);显著降低了精子畸形率(P<0.05);对精液pH值的影响没有显著差异(P>0.05);提高了采精成功率和产仔率;精液云雾状T3处理组最明显,精液色泽均为乳白色。梅花鹿精料中添加人参0.8 g/kg时,对提高梅花鹿精液品质和产仔率效果最好,有利于鹿的繁育。     

Nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection among wildlife in Japan

In Japan, hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game meat. In the present study, nationwide surveillance of HEV infection among a total of 5,557 wild animals, including 15 species, was conducted in Japan. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar was 12.4%, with higher positive rates in big boars (over 50 kg, 18.4%) than in small individuals (less than 30 kg, 5.3%). Furthermore, HEV RNA was more frequently detected in piglets than in older boars. Interestingly, the detection of HEV among wildlife by ELISA and RT-PCR suggested that HEV infection in Sika deer was a very rare event, and that there was no HEV infection among wild animals except for wild boar, Sika deer and Japanese monkeys. In conclusion, wild boar, especially piglets, are at high risk of HEV infection, while other wild animals showed less risk or no risk of HEV transmission.     

三种鹿血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对26头白唇鹿、41头马鹿和11头梅花鹿的血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同功酶谱及其多态性进行了研究。结果发现：三种鹿的LDH都有LDH1、LDH2、LDH3和LDH5四种同功酶;LDH3同功酶具有1～3条亚带,LDH5具有显现酶活性和不显现酶活性两种表型而呈现多态性;白唇鹿的LDH同功酶酶谱及其多态性有较明显的种的特征。     

饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,将12头7月龄雄性梅花鹿仔鹿分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复1只),组间体重差异不显著。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂额外添加1.25(Ⅱ组)、2.50(Ⅲ组)和5.00 g·kg^-1(Ⅳ组)过瘤胃半胱氨酸(有效成分51.70%)的试验饲粮。试验预饲期15 d,正试期112 d。结果表明,1)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅲ组总增重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);2)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸各组粗蛋白质、钙和磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组干物质和有机物表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);3)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组甘氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),各组半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0...     

青海省海北州麝香资源及其开发利用和发展前景

麝香是由鹿科动物马麝和林麝成熟雄体香囊中的分泌物干燥而成,为我国特产的名贵药材和世界四大名香之一。介绍了马麝和林麝的动物形态特征以及麝香的采集加工方法、商品质量与鉴别方法及产销情况,并展望了麝香的发展前景。