鹿结核病流行株与卡介苗差异基因原核表达质粒的构建及表达

以吉林农业大学经济动物疾病实验室保存的鹿体内分离并鉴定的结核病流行株的基因组为模板,应用PCR方法从已构建的鹿结核病野毒株与卡介苗差异基因文库中扩增RD1区的Rv3872、Rv3873、Rv3874、Rv3875和Rv3878 5段目的基因,分别与p MD18-T Simple Vector连接,经PCR、酶切鉴定后的阳性重组克隆质粒与原核表达载体p GEX-4T-1连接并进行原核表达,采用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析方法对目的蛋白进行纯化,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot对表达产物的反应原性进行初步研究。基因测序结果显示差异基因与期望的序列一致,并在大肠杆菌中成功诱导表达,获得以可溶形式表达的目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的相对分子量与理论值相符,经Western blot鉴定纯化好的目的蛋白能与鹿结核病的阳性血清发生反应,具有良好的反应原性,为其在鹿结核病血清诊断学中的应用奠定了试验基础。     

海南坡鹿一般临床性检查及防治对策

掌握海南坡鹿一般临床性检查,是开展疾病防治诊断的重要前提工作,只有掌握了临床检查,才能准确的了解坡鹿的健康状况。根据多年的实践经验与观察,该文阐述了海南坡鹿一般临床性检查:体温的检查;呼吸频率的检查;采食与反刍的检查;胃肠道的检查;心搏频率的检查;排粪及粪便检查;排尿及尿液的检查。不同年龄、性别的坡鹿个体各种指标的检查结果有所差异;坡鹿在静止或者是运动状态下各种指标的检查结果也不相同。文章提出了相应的临床性检查与保护建议。     

公路对天山马鹿（Cervus elaphus songaricus）种内遗传分化的影响

为研究公路对大型哺乳动物造成的影响,分别采集新疆省道110、203、303公路两侧的天山马鹿粪便样本,采用5个微卫星位点进行个体识别后利用Arlequin3．11进行遗传距离、基因多样性、杂合度等测定分析。结果表明：5个微卫星均具有很好的多态性,5地区中松树塘与寒气沟、白石头马鹿的遗传距离最远,松树塘马鹿的基因杂合度、基因型数量均最低;小西沟与白杨沟马鹿之间遗传距离为负值,其基因杂合度、基因型无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。说明公路对栖息地的分割状态不同,会导致种群的遗传情况改变。当公路仅深入栖息地没有将栖息地割裂时,公路两旁种群无差异;当栖息地被公路完全隔绝,则该栖息地内动物的基因杂合度、基因型数量降低;使用中的公路对临近种群的隔绝效果强于废弃旧公路。     

Bcl-2在梅花鹿茸角中的表达

鹿茸角是哺乳动物唯一的失去后还能完全再生的器官,人们对鹿茸角再生的分子机理了解甚少。本试验以梅花鹿为研究对象,通过原位杂交方法对Bcl-2在梅花鹿茸角中的表达进行了研究。结果显示,Bcl-2在梅花鹿茸角表皮层内表达甚微,在茸角真皮层、间充质层及软骨层等处均有表达,但在表达强度上存在一定差异。在真皮层中,Bcl-2在真皮成纤维细胞中有较强的表达,在鹿茸间充质细胞中也有少量Bcl-2的表达;在鹿茸软骨层中,Bcl-2在软骨细胞中的表达量很高,主要表达在增殖区的软骨细胞中。这表明Bcl-2可能在梅花鹿茸角再生过程中起重要的调节作用。     

麝香可持续利用的探讨

笔者根据文献资料结合自己的研究,从麝香的重要作用,麝香来源,天然麝香与人工麝香的比较,野生麝资源状况和发展麝资源等几个方面对麝香资源与应用进行了概述,针对麝香长期供不应求,直接影响医疗用药的问题,根据我国50多年的人工养麝经验,指出人工养麝是保护野生麝资源和实现天然麝香可持续利用的有效途径,并就我国人工养麝概况,人工养麝发展存在的问题,突破人工养麝的瓶颈问题,实现产业化养麝保障麝香可持续利用方面进行了系统总结与探讨。     

鹿血清蛋白抗氧化肽体外抗氧化性及其机理研究

在碱性蛋白酶最适条件下水解鹿血清蛋白,水解时间为0~5 h,鹿血清蛋白抗氧化肽的水解度(DH)随着水解时间增加而增加(P0.05),鹿血清蛋白抗氧化肽还原能力、清除自由基的作用和Cu2+螯合能力随着水解时间的增加而显著提高(P0.05),鹿血清蛋白抗氧化肽能有效抑制硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)生成(P0.05)。结果表明,鹿血清蛋白抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性取决水解时间,鹿血清蛋白抗氧化肽是有效的抗氧化剂。     

圈养黇鹿对北方4种常见苗木叶片适口性浅析

为研究鹿科动物食性,探讨树叶用作鹿科动物饲料的可能性,以黇鹿为试验对象,选取北方常见榆树、刺槐、垂柳及毛白杨等4种树种新鲜叶片作为饲料,对其适口性进行分析。结果表明,黇鹿对4种叶片喜食程度依次为榆树叶、刺槐叶、垂柳叶和毛白杨叶;通过对叶片粗蛋白质含量(CP%)、酸洗纤维(ADF%)、中洗纤维(NDF%)等7种生化指标测定发现叶片中的CP含量(P=0.001)、ADF含量(P=0.025)及NDF含量(P=0.032)是影响其对叶片选择的关键因素。     

A survey of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan

We examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 848 Escherichia coli isolates from 237 feces samples of wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) captured between 2016 and 2019 in 39 of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Five of the 237 wild sika deer (2.1%) carried E. coli with resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and all the resistant isolates showed resistance to tetracycline. The resistant isolates contained antimicrobial resistance genes that were similar to those in E. coli derived from humans and farm animals. Although wild sika deer are not currently likely to be a source for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in Japan, they can potentially mediate antimicrobial resistance spread by coming into contact with humans, animals, and their surroundings.     

Comparative morphometrical studies on the skull bones of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)

The present study reports data on the skull bone morphometry of barking and sambar deer. The skulls of adult barking deer (n = 6) and sambar deer (n = 6) of either sex (n = 3 males and n = 3 females) were collected from the Aizawl Zoological Park, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, with official permission from the Government of Mizoram. Anatomically, barking and sambar deer's skulls were elongated, pyramid-like, dolichocephalic and consisted of thirty-two cranial and facial bones. The cranial bones were eleven (three single and four paired), comprising of occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, interparietal, parietal and temporal. The facial bones were twenty-one (one single and ten were paired), consisting of the maxilla, premaxilla (incisive), palatine, pterygoid, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic (malar), vomer, turbinates, mandible and hyoid. In the present study, altogether 41 different measurements were taken morphologically and 6 different indices were applied. The obtained morphometrical parameters were significantly (p < .01, p < .05) higher in males than females of both species. Species wise, all obtained parameters were higher in sambar deer than barking deer. The obtained 41 different skull parameters and 6 indices showed statistically significant differences (p < .01 and p < .05) between both sexes of barking and sambar deer; however, practically these differences were meagre. The present morphometrical study on the skull of both species can help the wildlife professionals and zoo veterinarians determine the sex of these animals and differentiate it from other domestic and wild small ruminants for solving veterolegal cases. This study's findings will also motivate and assist other comparative studies with various domestic and wild small ruminants.     

Anatomy,Morphometry and Radiography in the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian Huemul Deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus)

The aim of this study was to provide morphometric, anatomic and radiographic data of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) including a functional interpretation of this, as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching purposes. Currently, the Patagonian huemul deer is in danger of becoming extinct due to multiple causes. Research carried out for its conservation has focused mainly on its ecology and pathology, leaving gaps in biological knowledge, which is basic and important for its comprehension. This study was conducted to reveal the gross osteology and radiology features of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian huemul deer. The osteological findings suggest the presence of powerful flexor muscles in the scapulohumeral and elbow joints, useful to cushion the jumps. Also, the principal nutrient foramen of Patagonian huemul differs in position with respect to domestic ungulates, which may be important to consider during surgical procedures. Finally, the radiographic data can provide new information about the tissue loading conditions in Patagonian huemul, so that this new knowledge can be of great importance for a better understanding of mechanically induced or adaptive changes in bone produced by habitat or other ecological phenomena.