美国、欧盟和中国饲料管理法规现状及发展趋势

文章综述了美国、欧盟和中国的饲料管理的主要法律、法规、指令、指南等。美国、欧盟的饲料管理法规建设历史长、系统、完整、科学、可操作性强。我国饲料管理法规建设发展相对较晚,发展很快,需要借鉴美、欧的经验。饲料法规的发展趋势是更为科学、系统、操作简便、高效率,有利于保护食品安全、动物安全与福利、有利于建立公平、和谐的法制环境,促进饲料工业的可持续发展。     

欧盟、美国农产品可追溯系统对吉林省的启示

目前,欧盟和美国的农产品可追溯系统走在世界前列,在识别、预警、限制、召回、管理等方面均有许多值得借鉴之处.分析欧盟和美国实施农产品可追溯系统的成功经验和做法,对指导吉林省建设农产品可追溯系统具有重要意义.     

Forty years of soil research funded by the European Commission: Trends and future. A systematic review of research projects

The European Green Deal with its high ambition has set the European Union (EU) on a promising path towards greater soil protection. The EU Soil Strategy 2030, the Biodiversity Strategy 2030, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Zero Pollution, the Nature Restoration Law and the European Climate Law, among others, include actions to protect our soils. Research and Innovation (R&I) will play a key role in developing new knowledge and tools enabling the transition to healthy soils. The main aim of this paper is to analyse past and near-future trends in EU's funding for R&I on soil-related issues. For this purpose, a review of EU-funded soil projects was conducted based on the data available in the Community Research and Development Information Service and the official portal for European data. Our analysis shows that over the past 40 years, the EU has invested significantly in developing integrated knowledge about the relationships between soil functions and ecosystem services and how human-induced pressures affect soil health. Following the adoption of the EU Soil Thematic Strategy in 2006, there was an increase in research funding for soil-related research. Furthermore, our analysis also illustrates an interesting interplay of permanent and changing soil themes. The Horizon Europe Mission ‘A Soil Deal for Europe’, which aims to establish a network of 100 living labs and lighthouses to lead the transition towards healthy soils and safeguard human and planetary health by 2030, provides a further incentive for soil research. Together with the EU Soil Strategy 2030 and the new proposal for a Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law), and the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO), the three instruments set up the political framework, concrete measures, and a monitoring system needed for the protection, restoration and sustainable use of soils.     

中国与欧盟、美国、日本人造板甲醛标准比较

对中国人造板甲醛标准与欧盟、美国、日本的人造板标准进行比较, 分析国内标准与国外标准在质量要求、平衡处理和检测方法要求等方面的差异, 以及不同检测方法间的相关性, 以期为中国人造板的生产、贸易和标准制修订以及标准输出提供参考.     

欧盟碳排放权交易体系现状及启示

碳排放权交易是指建立合法的温室气体排放权和总量控制目标并进行排放权买卖。文中通过分析欧盟碳排放权交易体系及我国碳排放权交易市场现状认为, 我国目前尚未具备建立强制性碳排放权交易市场的经济基础, 但可以先依托CDM一级市场培育自愿抵消市场和CDM二级市场并时刻关注国际碳排放权政策变动, 避免政策风险。     

出口花生黄曲霉毒素污染的预防与控制

花生是我国重要的油脂和食品原料,是我国具有国际市场竞争力的出口创汇经济作物.黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉等真菌感染后产生的次生代谢物质,黄曲霉毒素污染花生具有偶然性和不均匀性,黄曲霉毒素超标是目前我国花生出口中存在的主要质量问题.针对我国花生出口贸易实际,分析提出了我国出口花生黄曲霉毒素污染的预防和控制措施.从生产、收购、贮藏、...     

欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的影响分析

本文分析了欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的可能影响途径和机制,并利用双边农产品贸易数据对欧债危机的影响进行了初步判断。结果表明,虽然年度长期趋势所反映的欧债危机影响不明显,但是月度短期趋势反映欧债危机已经致使中欧农产品贸易出现明显的增长放缓趋势,且影响在危机核心国和非核心国之间的差异不明显,具有整体性的特征。因此,不能因为年度农产品贸易额还在快速增长而盲目乐观,而必须加强监测和采取积极的应对措施。     

Improved detection and identification of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum and the Port Orford cedar root pathogen Phytophthora lateralis

Early detection provides the best way to prevent introduction and establishment of alien plant pathogens. Amplification of DNA by PCR has revolutionized the detection and monitoring of plant pathogens. Most of those assays rely on the amplification of a fraction of the genome of the targeted species. With the availability of whole genomes for a growing number of fungi and oomycetes it is becoming possible to compare genomes and discover regions that are unique to a target organism. This study has applied this pipeline to develop a set of hierarchical TaqMan real-time PCR detection assays targeting DNA of all four Phytophthora ramorum lineages, and a closely related species, P. lateralis. Nine assays were generated: three targeting DNA of all P. ramorum lineages, one for each lineage of P. ramorum, one for P. lateralis and one targeting DNA of P. ramorum and P. lateralis. These assays were very accurate and sensitive, ranging from 98.7% to 100% detection accuracy of 2–10 gene copies of the targeted taxa from pure cultures or inoculated tissues. This level of sensitivity is within the lowest theoretical limit of detection of DNA. It is expected that these assays will be useful because of their high level of specificity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed because of the inherent flexibility in primer and probe design afforded by their lack of conservation in non-target species.     

欧盟难民“不推回原则”的实践及对构建人类命运共同体的启示

在欧盟区域难民法下,难民拥有11 项基本权利,其中“不推回原则”是难民其他各项权 利得以实现的基础和前提。有效落实难民“不推回原则”,对于维护难民权益、缓解难民危机、促 进欧盟政治经济发展等都有着重要的现实意义。研究欧盟成员国对难民“不推回原则”的落实 情况,分析其存在的问题,可以为国际社会处理其他国际性问题,如构建人类命运共同体等提供 一定的参考价值。