扁桃AcDHN1基因的克隆及原核表达分析

【目的】 克隆与分析扁桃脱水素基因,为研究脱水素基因在扁桃抗逆机制中发挥的功能提供参考。【方法】 以新疆栽培的扁桃品种‘纸皮’叶片为材料,通过PCR技术克隆扁桃AcDHN1基因并对该基因进行原核表达分析,构建原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌进行表达。【结果】 克隆得到了一个脱水素基因,命名为AcDHN1,GenBank登陆号为KT949395,该基因全长924 bp、编码308个氨基酸的多肽,为稳定的亲水性蛋白,属于Y₂K_n型脱水素,推测蛋白分子质量为32.4 kD,亚细胞定位于细胞核中。将该基因与原核表达载体连接构建重组质粒pET-AcDHN1,然后将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,该蛋白分子量的大小约为52.7 kD,与预期长度一致。【结论】 对重组蛋白的诱导条件进行优化后结果显示,该基因在IPTG浓度0.1 mmol/L、诱导3 h表达量最佳。     

巴旦木分级破壳机设计与试验

为解决巴旦木破壳机械生产效率低、破壳率低和核仁损伤量大等问题，通过研究坚果破壳原理，选用适宜机械加工的大巴旦木（‘莎车3号’）为研究对象,设计了巴旦木分级破壳机，同时进行巴旦木尺寸、破壳力加载方向及加载速度、巴旦木含水率的物料特性分析。结果表明：破壳机破壳辊间隙和含水率对巴旦木破壳力和变形量影响显著。使用试验法优化了巴旦木分级破壳机构工作参数，当两轧辊间距离调整为Ⅰ级14 mm、Ⅱ级13 mm和Ⅲ级12 mm，含水率控制在9.8%～10.5%范围内，转速为1 000 r·min^-1时，测得平均破壳率为95.57%，平均破损率为3.37%，满足实际生产需求。     

扁桃种质资源坚果数量性状遗传多样性和概率分级

【目的】研究新疆地区扁桃种质资源坚果主要数量性状遗传多样性,并对其进行概率分级,为新疆扁桃遗传改良和优质新品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】以收集90份新疆地区种质资源为研究对象,测定坚果单果重、坚果纵径、坚果横径、坚果侧径、坚果果形指数、果壳厚度、果仁单仁重、果仁纵径、果仁横径、果仁侧径、果仁果形指数、出仁率12个数量性状。【结果】(1)90份新疆扁桃种质资源12个数量性状的变异系数均在10%以上,其中坚果单果重、果壳厚度、单仁重和出仁率4个与扁桃经济性状密切相关的指标变异系数分别达到了45.16%、48.14%、33.20%和36.02%。(2)90份新疆地区扁桃种质资源12数量性状符合正态分布,按照概率统计法分为5级。(3)扁桃数量性状之间是相互制约和相互影响的关系,其中坚果单果重、果仁单仁重、果壳厚度、出仁率4个性状相互间呈极显著相关关系。【结论】新疆地区扁桃种质资源遗传多样性丰富,概率分级符合种质特征。     

晋扁系列扁桃新品种选育及开发应用前景

详细介绍了晋扁系列扁桃的选育过程、果实经济性状、品质性状、物候期、生物学特性及结果情况。晋扁系列扁桃种仁大,饱满、风味香甜、品质优,抗寒、耐旱,适宜内地山区发展,具有广阔的市场前景。     

self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes: A review

To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests in the field and in the laboratory) and molecular (RNases, PCR and sequencing). In most cases, genotypes were assigned after combining more than one technique. Cultivars were classified into three categories: self-incompatible (99), self-compatible (16) and doubtful self-incompatible (18). The database is divided in 9 fields (name, origin, parentage, obtention year (crossing, selection or release), S genotype, technique used, reference, consensus genotype, and cross incompatibility group). A study of the 27 S alleles already identified and their geographical distribution within the cultivated almond is also presented. The study was divided into cultivars of known and unknown parentage and the distribution of S alleles frequencies was uneven among the 133 cultivars. S allele frequencies are related to geographical origin. Some alleles (S ₁, S ₅, S ₇ and S ₈) are more frequently observed than the others among cultivars of both known and unknown parentage. In the cultivated almond, the S f allele is only found in the Puglia region, Italy. The S _f frequency is three times higher in cultivars released from breeding programmes than in cultivars selected by growers. From the 351 resulting possible genotypes by combination of the 27 S alleles identified only 20 CIG (0-XIX) have been established, which represents a small fraction of the whole genetic diversity of this polymorphic gene in almond.     

Morphological variation within collections of Moroccan almond clones and Mediterranean and North American cultivars

Summary Cultivated almonds (Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb) in Morocco are still propagated from seeds by farmers to overcome transplant failure of grafted trees. Almond collections in southern Morocco conducted since 1975 have resulted in the selection of clones planted at 3 experimental stations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compare kernel, nut, leaf, and growth habit characteristics among 67 selected Moroccan clones and 14 introduced cultivars. Clustering of clones from similar countries and collection areas would suggest the existence of different almond populations. The Moroccan clones did not cluster separately from the foreign cultivars. Three Moroccan clones had exceptionally large nuts and kernels while 7 selections had high yield potential due to high spur density. Moroccan selections tended to be characterized by small leaves in comparison to foreign cultivars. No evidence was found to suggest the existence of separate populations within the Moroccan almond germplasm.     

杏仁蛋白质的提取及功能特性研究进展

杏仁蛋白是一种理想的植物蛋白,概述了目前杏仁蛋白质的提取方法,综述了国内外蛋白质功能特性的研究。     

杏仁油中脂肪酸成分分析及其软胶囊的制备

对杏仁油脂肪酸的组成进行了气相色谱分析,结果表明:杏仁油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,其不饱和脂肪酸占油脂总量的96.68%,很适合制备具有营养保健功能的杏仁油软胶囊。同时对制备杏仁油软胶囊的囊壳处方与崩解时限进行了研究,结果表明:当软胶囊的囊材比(水∶明胶∶甘油)为1∶1∶0.5时软胶囊的品质最好,崩解时间分别为10、9、12 min,完全符合中华人民共和国药典的规定。     

杏仁百合露的研制

试验以杏仁、百合为主要原料,经磨浆、乳化、调配和均质,制得营养丰富、风味独特的复合饮料。试验结果表明:杏仁脱苦去毒用0.3 %的柠檬酸在40℃ 下浸泡24 h效果最佳,百合防褐变处理用0.2 % VC+0.1 % 柠檬酸效果最好。产品的最佳配方为:杏仁5 %,百合4 %,白砂糖6 %,乳化剂0.2 %,增稠剂0.15 %。