扁桃种质资源坚果数量性状遗传多样性和概率分级

【目的】研究新疆地区扁桃种质资源坚果主要数量性状遗传多样性,并对其进行概率分级,为新疆扁桃遗传改良和优质新品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】以收集90份新疆地区种质资源为研究对象,测定坚果单果重、坚果纵径、坚果横径、坚果侧径、坚果果形指数、果壳厚度、果仁单仁重、果仁纵径、果仁横径、果仁侧径、果仁果形指数、出仁率12个数量性状。【结果】(1)90份新疆扁桃种质资源12个数量性状的变异系数均在10%以上,其中坚果单果重、果壳厚度、单仁重和出仁率4个与扁桃经济性状密切相关的指标变异系数分别达到了45.16%、48.14%、33.20%和36.02%。(2)90份新疆地区扁桃种质资源12数量性状符合正态分布,按照概率统计法分为5级。(3)扁桃数量性状之间是相互制约和相互影响的关系,其中坚果单果重、果仁单仁重、果壳厚度、出仁率4个性状相互间呈极显著相关关系。【结论】新疆地区扁桃种质资源遗传多样性丰富,概率分级符合种质特征。

Study on Genetic Diversity and Probability Grading of Quantitative Traits in Stones of Native Almond Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang

【Objective】 To explore the genetic variation and grading the probability of major quantitative traits in the stones of the native almond germplasm resource in Xinjiang with a view to providing an important reference basis for the genetic improvement and breeding of high-quality new varieties of almond in Xinjiang.【Methods】 In this research the collected 90 native local germplasm resources in Xinjiang were used for phenotypic analysis. The analyzed traits included weight of single stone, vertical/transverse/lateral diameter of stone, shape index of stone, fruit carapace thickness, single kernel weight, vertical/transverse/lateral diameter of kernel, shape index of kernel and rate of nucleolus.【Results】 (1) The variation coefficients of all of these 12 quantitative traits were above 10% among 90 native almond germplasm resources, and the variation coefficients of the four major indexes closely were related to the economic character, namely, weight of single stone and fruit carapace thickness, the quantitative traits of native almonds were mutually restricted and influenced, among which weight of single stone, fruit carapace thickness, the single kernel weight and rate of nucleolus were single kernel weight and rate of nucleolus, reaching 45.16%, 48.14%, 33.20% and 36.02%, respectively. (2) All of 12 traits in 90 native almond germplasm resources were normally distributed, and were divided into 5 grades according to probability statistical method. (3)The significantly correlated with each other.【Conclusion】 The genetic diversity of local almond germplasm resources in Xinjiang is abundant, and the probability classification accords with the germplasm characteristics.