树势对巴旦杏新梢生长与开花坐果的影响

验以"鹰嘴"巴旦杏为调查对象,对强旺、中庸和衰弱三种树体营养类型的树,分别进行了自然落果率、枝梢营养状况和不同树体营养情况的调查研究。通过调查分析得出:3种不同树体类型的巴旦杏落果率高低顺序为强、弱、中,且中庸树与强旺树差异显著;春梢的生长量顺序为:中庸树>衰弱树>强旺树,且中庸树与强旺树有极显著差异,秋梢的生长量差异均不显著;中庸树体类型在保持一定结果枝、花芽比例,进行合理的肥水管理,可以使坐果率得到一定的提高。     

美国的扁桃业

美国是主要的扁桃生产国。１９世纪美国开始引种扁桃，经历了１００余年，发展成为一种重要产业。通过对美国加利福尼亚州扁桃的系统考察，介绍了该国扁桃引种栽培的情况，扁桃的经济价值，主要栽培品种以及苗木培育、种植、整形修剪、病虫害防治、采收、加工等方面的技术，对我国的扁桃引种栽培有一定的参考价值。     

山杏仁油脂肪酸成分和理化特性的研究

赤峰山杏仁油经气相色谱分析鉴定出软脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、十六碳烯酸等５种脂肪酸。并对其理化常值（包括红外光谱）进行了测定。     

影响扁桃组培快繁的因素研究

以扁桃品种莎车24号为材料，研究了添加在培养基中的不同激素组成，糖源，糖浓度，培养条件等因子对扁桃增殖快繁的影响，结果表明，1／2MS＋6－BA0.5MG/l IBA0.2mg/L GA30.05mg/L,蔗糖20g/L，培养温度24－26℃，光强1500－20001x，每天光照16小时，培养基pH值6．2，对增殖分化最有利，不定芽分化率94％。     

Attempts to eliminate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candidatus</Emphasis> phytoplasma phoenicium from infected Lebanese almond varieties by tissue culture techniques combined or not with thermotherapy

Elimination of Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium from two infected Lebanese varieties of almond by using different tissue culture techniques is reported. Except for the oxytetracycline therapy which totally inhibited the development of explants, stem cutting cultures associated with thermotherapy, shoot tip cultures associated or not with thermotherapy, and shoot tip micrografting were all suitable, either for shoot regeneration or for elimination of phytoplasma from the two varieties. However, stem cutting culture coupled with thermotherapy seemed to be the most effective for regeneration of phytoplasma-free plantlets.     

引种扁桃抗寒力及冻害成因分析

通过对两个引种扁桃扶兹(Fritz)和那普瑞尔(Nonpareil)1年生枝条的半致死温度(LT50)拟合、越冬调查、休眠期的含水率及其解刨结构的分析,对扁桃的抗寒力进行了研究,结果表明:Fritz、Nonpareil及CK 1年生休眠枝的半致死温度(LT50)分别为-24.88℃、-20.56℃和-17.15℃;冻害指数分别为10%、45%和87%,抗冻害评级依次为高抗、中抗、易抽。因此,两供试品种都有较强的抗寒能力,而且均强于CK,Fritz的抗寒能力最强。造成1年生枝条冻害的主要原因是生长与休眠临界期枝条的大量失水;其形态解剖学原因是表皮薄,皮层薄壁细胞排列疏松和韧皮薄壁细胞不发达。     

Genome-based PCR Primers for Specific and Sensitive Detection and Quantification of Xylella fastidiosa

Xylella fastidiosa is an important pathogen of many commercial crops. Detection of X. fastidiosa is difficult due to low concentrations of the bacteria in insects and asymptomatic plant tissue, and non-uniform distribution in infected plants. A dual purpose conventional PCR and quantitative PCR (TaqMan™) system was developed for the generic detection of X. fastidiosa strains. Primers HL5 and HL6, designed to amplify a unique region common to the sequenced genomes of four Xylella strains, amplified a 221 bp fragment from strains associated with Pierce’s disease of grapes, almond leaf scorch, and oleander leaf scorch disease and from DNA from an Xf strain associated with citrus variegated chlorosis. Standard curves were obtained using concentrations of Xylella ranging from 5 to 10⁵ cells per reaction in water and grape extracts and 10–10⁵ cells in insect DNA. Regression curves were similar, with correlation coefficients of r ² > 0.97. In quantitative PCR, C_t values ranged between 20 and 36 cycles for 5–10⁵ bacterial cells per reaction. No amplicons were obtained with several non-Xf bacterial strains tested including related plant pathogenic, grape endophytic bacteria and endosymbiotic bacteria isolated from glassy-winged sharpshooters. The method was evaluated for clinical diagnosis of Xf in grapes, almonds and insect vectors. The procedure described is reliable for detection of the pathogen with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.     

杏园节肢动物群落结构研究

根据杏园节肢动物群落物种的组成和数量,按照营养和取食关系,将群落划分为植食类、捕食类、寄生-中性类。按照系统分科的方法,将每个亚群落分成不同的功能类群,采用群落分析的多个参数研究群落的结构和动态。结果表明,杏园内共有昆虫47科59种,其中捕食性天敌有14科16种,植食性昆虫有28科37种,寄生及中性昆虫5科6种;植食类的相对丰盛度为0.98419,捕食类相对丰盛度为0.01446;对不同月份的节肢动物群落多样性和均匀性进行比较,发现多样性指数时高时低,呈现明显的波动性,其中5月份多样性指数达到最大值;均匀性与多样性表现出相同的趋势。     

扁桃砧木试管苗的生根及移栽

对扁桃Hansen砧木试管苗生根的研究表明,1/2MS基本培养基较MS基本培养基诱导生根效果好,附加生长素能明显提高试管苗的生根率,且IBA的生根效果优于IAA、NAA及生长素的组合;在1/2MS+0.5mg/LIBA中进行预暗培养能明显提高扁桃砧木的生根数量和根长度,生根率在85%以上;100mg/LIBA溶液中浸渍嫩梢基部15min,获得了100%的生根率和最佳生根效果;三步移栽炼苗过程中气孔指标及蒸腾强度呈规律性变化,幼苗成活率在70%以上。     

小白杏杏仁油脂的超声波提取与脂肪酸组成分析

本文探讨了超声波强度、超声波提取时间、料液比对超声波提取小白杏杏仁油的影响。在单因素试验基础上,进行了正交试验,结果表明,各因素对超声波提取小白杏杏仁油的影响次序为：超声波强度＞超声波提取时间＞料液比；工艺参数为：超声波强度为225kw/m~2、超声波提取时间为20min、料液比1；6,杏仁油提取率达51．93％。气相色谱法测定显示超声波提取的小白杏杏仁油中94．64％的脂肪酸为不饱和脂肪酸。