温度对水稻光敏、温敏核不育基因表达影响的研究

在温度和光照自动控制的生物人工气候箱内研究了温度对安农S-1等6个温敏（Thermo-sensitive)不育材料和农垦58S等4个光敏(Photo-sensitive)不育基因表达的影响。结果表明：温敏不育材料在高温（昼温31℃，夜温28℃）条件下为不育，在低温（昼温24℃，夜温22℃）条件下为可育。它们对温度敏感的时期在花粉母细胞形成期至单核花     

不同Xa21转基因杂交稻组合的大田试验与分析

在北京、四川和江苏等地对Xa21转基因杂交稻进行了大田释放实验. 分别对转基因纯合的3个恢复系明恢63-Xa21、盐恢559-Xa21和C418-Xa21与各种不育系配组的23个杂交组合进行了抗性和农艺性状分析. 在不同的杂合遗传背景下转基因Xa21稳定遗传和高效表达, 所有杂交组合均具有对白叶枯病的广谱抗性. 转基因恢复系配制的杂交组合与     

水稻早世代稳定特异性的研究

利用9个具有早世代稳定遗传特性的水稻品系和7个栽培稻作为主体亲本杂交配组，在130个组合F2群体963个株系中，发现28个组合中出现73个稳定株系。遗传分析表明水稻早世代稳定既不是质量性状遗传也不是数量性状遗传，是按株群分离的遗传方式，出现稳定株系的组合F1群体发生了分离，F2群体中既有性状不分离的稳定株系又有孟德尔     

抽穗扬花期高温胁迫对不同耐热性水稻生理指标的影响

高温热害对水稻生产造成了巨大的损失,其危害机理研究刚刚起步。为了研究不同耐热性水稻在高温胁迫下主要生理指标的变化情况,对其生理指标与耐热性的关系进行分析。结果表明:不同品种的水稻,耐热性存在差异,可以通过耐热系数筛选不同的耐热品种;高温胁迫对不同耐热性水稻的生理指标有较大的影响,绝大多数的生理指标随高温处理时间延长,表现出先增大,达到峰值后下降的趋势;耐热性强的水稻品种,各个生理指标的峰值出现的较晚,耐热性差的品种,较早达到峰值;耐热系数和生理指标相关分析表明耐热系数除与MDA含量呈正相关关系外,与各生理指标上呈负相关关系,其中与CAT酶活性相关系数到达了-0.75222**。高温胁迫下,水稻水稻生理指标会发生很大的变化;每个生理指标基本都有峰值出现,表明生物体高温热害是应激物质等调节存在反馈机制;高温胁迫时生理指标变化与耐热性有一定的相关性。     

Suitability of mapped sequence tagged microsatellite site markers for establishing distinctness, uniformity and stability in aromatic rice

At present, testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of crop varieties relies on a set of morphological characters. These characters suffer fromthe limitations of number, interaction with the environment in which the variety grows and subjectivity in decision-making. The potential of DNA-based markers such as sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), for establishing DUS merits investigation. In the present study, a set of 55 mapped STMS markers, selected from 12 linkage groups of rice genome, was used to examine distinctness of 23 aromatic rice genotypes including the commercially important Basmati varieties. Forty-one of these markers (74.5%) showed polymorphism between the varieties. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2–4 with an average of 2.3. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.083 to 0.665 with an average of 0.338. All the varieties could be differentiated from each other at a low probability (0.07×10^-13) of identical match by chance. The marker-based clustering of the varieties corresponded with the known phenotypic classification, thereby providing confidence in the distinctness established by the mapped STMS markers. The utility of these markers to study uniformity and stability was analysed using a commercially important crossbred Basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati 1(IET-10364) that contributes about 40–50% of Basmati rice export from India. Genotyping of twenty individual plants, grown from the nucleus, breeder, foundation, certified and farmer's saved seed samples using all the 55 markers revealed no variation among the plants. These observations suggested that the set of mapped markers employed in this study could be further used for establishing distinctness of aromatic rice varieties and for studying DUS of the important commercial variety Pusa Basmati 1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

北方粳稻分子育种研究进展

本文介绍了北方粳稻分子育种课题的研究情况和所取得的研究成果。目前主要进行两方面的研究，一方面为特异基因型的鉴定：主要有筛选鉴定出抗旱性材料86份，苗期抗寒性材料40份，后期抗寒性材料629份，抗稻瘟病材料28份，对筛选出的抗旱性材料进行了第二轮聚合杂交，共配组合171个。另一方面是关于遗传与生理基础研究，对穗部性状、粒形、产量和品质以及它们之间的关系进行了深入的研究。另外本文对北方粳稻分子育种材料构建过程中存在的问题进行了综合讨论，并讨论北方粳稻分子育种今后的发展方向。     

脂肪酸值仪法测定稻米脂肪酸值研究

本研究建立了稻米中脂肪酸值的脂肪酸值仪测定方法。该方法适用于在室温下以无水乙醇提取稻谷、糙米、大米中游离脂肪酸,用标准氢氧化钾滴定液滴定,进行脂肪酸值的测定。结果表明,脂肪酸值在0~240(KOH)/(mg/100g)范围内与消耗标准滴定液的体积呈良好的线性相关,r=0.9997;方法的回收率为89%~113%;三个不同脂肪酸值的稻谷样品15次平行测试的极差最大者为1.73(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基,小于重复性临界值2(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基,标准偏差在0.36~0.55范围内,99%置信区间(随机误差的不确定度)均≤±0.42;40个样品的检测结果与GB/T15684-1995法检测结果比较,均小于重复性临界值2(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基。     

A methodology for evaluating a location as a selection site for an international plant breeding program

Summary A method for comparing locations as selection sites based upon their abilities to predict yield and disease reaction over a target region is proposed. The probability of coincidence in selection for a site is defined as the probability for a line selected at the site to be selected at other sites within the region. The probability of divergence in rejection is defined as that associated with regional selection of a line given that is discarded by the site where selection is being conducted. The ideal selection site would maximize the probability of coincidence in selection and minimize the probability of divergence in rejection. The method is illustrated using a set of data from the rice yield nurseries of the International Rice Testing Program for Latin America planted under the rainfed conditions of Central América and México during the period 1978–1984. Five locations were compared for their predictive ability in selecting for the rainfed rice growing region, based on yield and disease reaction. Selection for yield was defined as performance superior to the best check in each location. Selection for disease reaction was based on an index derived from the Standard Evaluation System for Rice for diseases of regional importance. Locations varies 10–15 percent in their selection coincidence with the region for both yield and disease selection criteria applied independently.     

生态型高效稻鸭共作技术应用与评价

简析了生态型高效稻鸭共作种养技术效果及综合经济效益,并提出推广应用主要措施。     

水稻混流干燥工艺的试验研究

混流式粮食干燥机是当前中国应用最广泛的粮食干燥机机型，但由于水稻干燥的特殊性，横流循环干燥机基本上是水稻干燥的唯一机型，这造成国内粮食干燥机的利用率普遍不高。为了充分提高现有混流式干燥机的利用率，利用移动式混流粮食干燥机进行了稻谷的干燥试验，研究了不同的风温、不同的干燥缓苏比对稻谷爆腰率及降水速率的影响规律。研究结果表明：稻谷混流干燥过程中应有必要的缓苏。当干燥缓苏比一定时，烘干温度与爆腰率增值存在线性关系；当烘干温度一定时，干燥缓苏比与爆腰率增值存在线性关系；采用混流干燥机干燥稻谷时热风温度可以高于横流干燥机5～10℃，降水速率最高可达1.3%/h。