水稻混流干燥工艺的试验研究

混流式粮食干燥机是当前中国应用最广泛的粮食干燥机机型，但由于水稻干燥的特殊性，横流循环干燥机基本上是水稻干燥的唯一机型，这造成国内粮食干燥机的利用率普遍不高。为了充分提高现有混流式干燥机的利用率，利用移动式混流粮食干燥机进行了稻谷的干燥试验，研究了不同的风温、不同的干燥缓苏比对稻谷爆腰率及降水速率的影响规律。研究结果表明：稻谷混流干燥过程中应有必要的缓苏。当干燥缓苏比一定时，烘干温度与爆腰率增值存在线性关系；当烘干温度一定时，干燥缓苏比与爆腰率增值存在线性关系；采用混流干燥机干燥稻谷时热风温度可以高于横流干燥机5～10℃，降水速率最高可达1.3%/h。     

乳酸菌复合系和植物乳杆菌提高柳枝稷青贮效果

该文旨在探讨接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）对柳枝稷青贮效果的影响。以营养生长阶段的柳枝稷为原料,分别接种1 OD600/kg 鲜质量的SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum,以不接菌的处理作为对照。在发酵第3、10、20和30天开罐取样进行检测分析发酵饲料品质,通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化,并运用高通量测序技术分析原料和青贮料的细菌多样性。结果表明：接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum均能有效抑制Enterobacter和Clostridium,使Lactobacillus成为控制发酵的优势菌,加快青贮过程中pH值的下降速率,提高柳枝稷青贮饲料品质,并提高柳枝稷青贮料的瘤胃发酵效果,复合菌系SGL比纯培养的Lactobacillus Plantarum的效果更突出。     

高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率及适口性

以提高秸秆饲料的消化率和适口性为目的,该研究1)以干玉米秸秆为材料,接种木质纤维素分解菌复合系WDC2,进行高温分解发酵;2)以乳酸菌复合系SFC-2为接种物,进行乳酸菌液体发酵;3)将乳酸菌发酵液以质量体积比1∶1比例均匀喷洒到发酵秸秆中,制备发酵秸秆饲料。该研究从营养学和分子生态学角度探讨了高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率和及适口性的可行性。结果表明,经高温分解发酵,秸秆中微生物多样性丰富,不含致病菌。以南阳黄牛为研究对象,秸秆的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维体外消化率分别提高了13.94%、22.56%和21.12%,采食量提高21.71%;部分分解的秸秆经乳酸菌发酵液吸附后,粗蛋白增加36.17%。秸秆的高温分解发酵与乳酸菌的乳酸发酵相结合的饲料制作工艺,即提高了秸秆的消化率和营养价值,也改善了秸秆的适口性。     

油菜饼粕浓缩饲用蛋白的产业化实现及其经济效益分析

油菜饼粕中含有丰富的蛋白质,是一种潜在的植物蛋白资源.由于油菜饼粕中含有硫甙、芥酸、植酸等有毒或抗营养物质,限制了其推广应用,而长期以来技术与工艺的原因又致使产业化的开发一直停滞不前.为了实现菜籽浓缩饲用蛋白的工业化生产,该文介绍了一种利用水性溶剂脱毒的低成本方法,其成品中干基蛋白质含量≥60%,硫甙含量为5 μmol/g,植酸与多酚的脱除率分别为52%和55%.在当前市场条件下,使用该方法生产线的静态投资回收期为1.5年.     

挤搓式玉米脱粒机

挤搓式玉米脱粒机是一种利用挤搓原理的宽板齿、低转速脱粒滚筒、栅格式凹板的玉米脱粒机。该脱粒机特点是脱净率高、破碎率低,适应玉米子粒含水率在13%～25%,既适合普通玉米脱粒,也适合种子玉米脱粒。该脱粒机的研制成功解决了我国长期以来种子玉米脱粒损失量大的问题。一、机     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

鲜食玉米剥皮机的设计与试验

为了解决中国在鲜食玉米加工中的剥皮难题,在借鉴国外先进鲜食玉米剥皮技术的基础上研制出一种鲜食玉米剥皮机。该机采用一对转辊相向转动,转辊与玉米穗苞叶接触产生摩擦将玉米苞叶先搓起一角,之后一对转辊夹住苞叶旋转将其剥掉。该设备可适应玉米籽粒含水率介于58%～73%间的原料,对脆嫩易剥的鲜食玉米籽粒品种的破损率≤5%、剥净率≥90%、剥皮质量好。解决了中国鲜食玉米剥皮技术存在的剥净率偏低、破损率等主要性能指标不能满足使用要求的难题。经过对该设备试制、试验结果表明,完全适合高水分鲜食玉米穗剥皮。     

枸杞分段式变温热风干燥特性及干燥品质

为了提高枸杞干燥品质、缩短干燥时间和降低能耗,该文对枸杞分段式变温热风干燥加工工艺进行试验研究。试验表明:恒温恒湿干燥条件下,随热风温度升高,枸杞干燥时间缩短,但枸杞多糖、色泽、复水率等干燥品质变差;采用阶段变温干燥方式可较好地缩短干燥时间,同时防止干燥品质变差。通过试验确定最佳的分段变温干燥工艺条件为40℃(6 h)-50℃(6 h)-60℃,干燥湿度40%,料层厚度3层(单层8 mm),在此条件下,枸杞干制品营养色泽俱佳,复水性良好。另外,碱液(3%Na CO3溶液)浸泡预处理可提高枸杞干燥速率、保留其鲜红色泽。     

不同进风方案下隧道烘干窑热风流场CFD模拟和优化

隧道烘干窑内同一横截面的热风均匀性影响着物料干燥均匀性和产品质量,而烘干窑入口风速分布直接影响着窑内热风流场的均匀分布。为了解决单一风机直进风隧道烘干窑存在的风速不均匀问题,提出了多种进风结构设想,并利用计算流体力学方法对实际生产的隧道窑进风流场进行数值模拟,研究3种不同的进风方案(4风机、6风机和9风机)对隧道窑内热风流场均匀性的影响。模拟结果表明:6风机方案下隧道窑入口处进风均匀,热风扩散距离短,窑内热风流场整体均匀性较佳,综合性价比最高。研究结果为隧道窑入口进风的设计提供参考。     

菜籽饼脱毒方法的研究进展

菜籽饼是一种营养价值、经济价值很高的优质蛋白质资源,合理的开发和利用菜籽饼资源将产生良好的经济效益和社会效益.但菜籽饼中含有的有毒物质和抗营养因子限制了对其的开发和利用.目前,菜籽饼的脱毒方法主要有:物理脱毒法、化学脱毒法、微生物脱毒法等等,每种脱毒方法都有各自的优缺点和适用范围.通过对上述方法的介绍和比较希望能开发出一种更加高效、节能、环保的脱毒方法.