An In Vitro Investigation into the Effects of a Marine-Derived,Multimineral Supplement in Simulated Equine Stomach and Hindgut Environments

Management of the performance horse often incorporates meal feeding of highly digestible starches and reduced access to high-fiber forage. Such regimens are associated with equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) and can alter hindgut homeostasis. In-feed buffering of gastric contents and promotion of energy derivation from high-fiber forage in the hindgut are therefore desirable properties of a nutritional supplement. A marine-derived, multimineral supplement with known buffering properties containing calcium, magnesium, and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) was tested under in vitro simulations of equine stomach and hindgut conditions. Six fiber:concentrate diets were incubated for 4 hours with or without the supplement at 37°C in pepsin HCl solution adjusted to pH 4.1 and 2.6. pH was measured at 1, 2, and 4 hours postincubation. Highest overall pH values were observed with the high cereal feeds; however, the supplement significantly increased (P < .001) the pH across all feeds by 0.17 and 0.19 for feeds incubated at pH 4.1 and 2.6, respectively. A gas production technique was used to measure the fermentation of four fiber:concentrate diets with and without additional supplement, using equine feces as the microbial inoculum. Addition of the supplement decreased (P < .05) the lag time and increased the initial fermentation rate, although as the incubation continued, this effect was reduced. These results demonstrate that the supplement had a significant buffering action for 4-6 hours under simulated in vitro stomach digestion conditions and also stimulated in vitro hindgut fermentation activities.     

普通菜籽粕(饼)的发酵处理及其应用

本文简要综述了普通菜籽粕(饼)的营养特性、质量标准和饲用价值,介绍了菜籽粕(饼)的发酵技术及其产品质量标准,并列出了发酵菜籽粕(饼)在生猪日粮中的用量和相应配方。     

芽孢杆菌的筛选及其在豆粕发酵中的应用

筛选出耐酸耐胆盐且产蛋白酶、淀粉酶性能较好的优势芽孢杆菌菌株,以期制备高效复合益生素或应用于豆粕发酵。首先,对分离并镜检出的17株菌株进行耐酸耐胆盐特性初筛,而后对筛出的3株菌株进行耐酸耐胆盐梯度复筛,随后检测其发酵豆粕的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性以及对抗原蛋白的降解能力。最后通过16SrRNA扩增比对鉴定筛选的菌种,进而通过MEGA4.0构建系统进化树进行分析。成功筛选出1株耐酸耐胆盐、产蛋白酶和淀粉酶,且能高效降解豆粕抗原蛋白的解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9。     

不同添加剂对晴隆白刺花青贮品质和营养价值的影响

试验通过添加不同种类的青贮剂研究其对晴隆白刺花青贮品质和营养价值的影响.试验设直接青贮、添加乳酸菌（1％FM）、纤维素酶（0.1％FM）、乳酸菌＋纤维素酶（1％ FM ＋0.1％ FM）、甲酸（6 mL/kg FM）、蔗糖（3％FM）及乳酸菌（1％FM）＋纤维素酶（0.1％FM）＋乳酸菌（1％FM）＋纤维素酶（0.1％FM）＋甲酸（6 mL/kg FM）＋蔗糖（3％ FM）7个处理.试验结果表明：青贮过程中pH值总体呈下降趋势,添加剂处理显著低于直接青贮,其中蔗糖的效果最为明显（pH值3.97）,乳酸菌＋纤维素酶＋甲酸＋蔗糖处理也低（pH值4.04）,品质较好;直接青贮的pH值相对较高（4.73）;青贮后晴隆白刺花的粗蛋白（CP）略有下降,乳酸菌＋纤维素酶＋甲酸＋蔗糖降幅最大,达11.18％,但CP含量仍较高,为15.41％,其他各处理CP均有所上升;单独青贮,晴隆白刺花的酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）虽略有增加,但粗纤维（CF）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）均下降,且NDF降幅较大,达20.15％,而粗脂肪（EE）、无氮浸出物（NFE）含量相对增加,改善了晴隆白刺花的营养;各处理单宁含量均有所下降,其中甲酸处理的降幅最大,达47.83％,乳酸菌＋纤维素酶处理降幅相对较小.     

不同复配基质理化性质及其对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响

为确定适宜辣椒无土穴盘育苗基质配方,以玉米芯为发酵原料,EM酵素菌、有机物料腐熟剂、金宝贝菌剂为发酵菌剂,以筛选出最佳的发酵菌剂,后将用最佳菌剂发酵好的玉米芯与蛭石、珍珠岩按不同比例复配,进行育苗配比优化试验。结果表明,EM酵素菌为最佳发酵菌剂;玉米芯固持作用差,适合与其他基质复配,可形成理化性质良好的有机型基质,以复配基质处理A1（玉米芯：蛭石=1：1）和A4（玉米芯：蛭石：珍珠岩=2：1：1）辣椒幼苗干质量、鲜质量、壮苗指数较高,与对照水平相似,且出苗率较高,出苗期较集中。     

Structure Design of Large-scale Sow House with Fermentation Bed

ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fer-mentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7 m. lts area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars, replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed. The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for preg-nant sows, sows＇ obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring （light, temperature, water, humidity, CO2, NH3） and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occu-pied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.     

含谷粒发酵绿豆酸奶的研制

该试验研究了制备含谷粒发酵绿豆酸奶的工艺条件。采用正交试验结果表明：绿豆与水比例为1：8进行磨浆,得到的绿豆乳与牛奶以1：2的比例混合,添加6％的蔗糖,用果胶0．1％、CMC0-3％和黄原胶0．06％作为复合稳定剂,在42°C条件下发酵6h,添加8％熟软谷粒,4℃后熟,可制得优质含谷粒发酵绿豆酸奶。     

不同发酵条件对毛壳菌产木聚糖酶的影响

通过对毛壳菌产木聚糖酶改变发酵条件,探讨毛壳菌木聚糖酶的生产能力及不同酶解条件对毛壳菌产生的木聚糖酶的影响,以确定其最佳培养基及发酵条件。结果表明,以玉米芯4%＋蛋白胨0.5%＋酵母粉0.5%为发酵基质对产酶最为有利,当温度为39℃、pH4.6、发酵时间3d时产酶效果最好。     

盾壳霉发酵物对向日葵过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响

过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)是高等植物体内重要的代谢酶,与植物的抗性有密切关系。将盾壳霉固体发酵物稀释10倍对向日葵浸种,采用紫外分光光度法测定了盾壳霉固体发酵物浸种向日葵后POD和PPO活性的变化。结果表明:稀释10倍的盾壳霉固体发酵物拌种向日葵后,叶和根内POD活性明显高于对照,而茎中的POD活性与对照相比,差异不显著;根内PPO活性明显高于对照,而叶和茎中的PPO活性与对照相比,差异不显著。盾壳霉发酵物诱导了叶中POD活性和根内POD、PPO活性的提高,可增强植物对病原菌的抵抗能力。     

金针菇菌糠发酵床对生态养猪效果的影响

[目的]解决发酵床垫料来源问题,降低发酵床制作成本。[方法]以金针菇菌糠代替部分锯末制作发酵床,研究发酵床垫料配比对其温度和生猪育肥性能的影响,并分析金针菇菌糠在发酵床养殖过程中的应用前景。[结果]金针菇菌糠发酵床不会影响发酵床的发酵效果及生猪的育肥性能,有效降低了发酵床的制作成本。菌糠发酵床的最佳配方为:锯末20%、菌糠60%、稻壳20%。[结论]菌糠发酵床不仅有效解决了食用菌菌糠的环境污染问题,还可以极大降低发酵床的制作成本,可应用于该地区的发酵床养猪生产中。