应用LD-PCR法构建大片吸虫成虫cDNA表达文库

为构建大片吸虫成虫cDNA表达文库,用Trizol试剂提取大片吸虫成虫总RNA,经反转录合成cDNA第一链,应用LD-PCR扩增方法,合成双链cDNA。用SfiⅠ内切酶修饰此双链cDNA,使形成两端分别带有SfiⅠA和SfiⅠB的黏性末端。经CHROMA SPIN-400柱纯化,收集400 bp以上的双链cDNA片段,将其连接于带有SfiⅠA和SfiⅠB末端的λTriplEx2噬菌体载体,经体外包装后,以XL1-Blue为受体菌构建cDNA表达文库。经测定,库容量为1.08×106PFU/mL,重组率为96.6%。扩增后的文库滴度为2.41×109PFU/mL,插入片段平均大小约为1 000 bp。这些结果表明已成功构建大片吸虫成虫cDNA表达文库,适合进一步筛选大片吸虫新基因。     

东方田鼠肝脏T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库的构建

本项研究的目的是构建东方田鼠肝脏T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库,为筛选东方田鼠抗血吸虫病抗性相关基因奠定基础.用TRIzol试剂提取东方田鼠肝脏总RNA,分离纯化mRNA,经反转录合成双链cDNA.在双链cDNA末端加上EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ定向接头并用EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ酶切,使其两端分别带EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ粘性末端.用Mini Column纯化、收集300 bp以上的双链cDNA片段,再连接于带有EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ末端的T7 Select 10-3b载体,经体外包装后,以BLT5403为受体菌构建T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库.经测定,库容量为1.3×107 PFU/mL,扩增后文库滴度为1.8×1011 PFU/mL.对从原始文库中随机挑取的100个噬菌斑进行PCR鉴定,重组率为91.7%,阳性克隆片段大小分布在200 bp～1 000 bp,其中有95.5%的插入片段大于300 bp.用日本血吸虫童虫可溶性抗原对文库进行了初筛,得到了21个ESTs,将这些阳性噬菌体克隆和血吸虫童虫共培养,其中大部分克隆诱导的童虫死亡率比阴性噬菌体对照高出2%～13%.     

蜜蜂球囊菌全长cDNA文库的构建与分析

本试验利用TRIzol试剂盒提取蜜蜂球囊菌总RNA,通过Oligotex纯化试剂盒将mRNA反转录成cDNA,再以第一链cDNA为模板合成第二链cDNA,该cDNA产物经分级分离和体外包装,即获得蜜蜂球囊菌cDNA原始文库,其滴度测定为1.6×106PFU/mL,扩增后的滴度是1.5×109PFU/mL;取适量扩增文库稀释并铺平板,蓝白斑筛选独立噬菌斑,用M13±通用引物进行PCR扩增后,文库的重组率达到90%,插入cDNA片段的长度在0.5~2 kb。该文库的构建,有利于筛选目的基因,便于深入研究蜜蜂白垩病的侵染机制,最终有效防制白垩病。     

犊牛口腔黏膜上皮细胞T7噬菌体展示文库的构建

试验旨在筛选水泡性口炎病毒的受体,构建犊牛口腔黏膜上皮细胞T7噬菌体展示文库。通过用Trizol试剂提取犊牛口腔黏膜上皮细胞总RNA,然后分离和纯化mRNA,经反转录合成双链cDNA。在双链cDNA末端加上定向EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ接头,然后用EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ酶消化双链cDNA末端接头,使双链cDNA 2端含有EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ黏性末端。所有处理后的双链cDNA,经Mini Column 纯化,收集400 bp以上的双链cDNA片段,将其连接带有EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ末端的T7 Select 10-3b载体,经体外包装后,以BLT5403为受体菌构建T7噬菌体展示文库。经测定未扩增文库的滴度为1.3×10⁷ PFU/mL,重组率为95.8%,扩增后文库滴度为2.6×10¹⁰ PFU/mL。随机挑取100个噬菌斑进行PCR鉴定,95%的插入片段大于400 bp。结果表明成功构建了犊牛口腔黏膜上皮细胞T7噬菌体展示文库。     

青海血蜱cDNA表达文库的构建

在无RNA酶污染的环境下摘取半饱血青海血蜱唾液腺、马氏管和卵巢等器官,从中提取RNA,进而纯化mRNA,采用oligo(dT)引物合成双链cDNA,并在其两端加EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ定向接头。将所产生的cDNA分子定向克隆到具有EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ黏性末端的λSCREEN载体的两臂之间。用PhageMaker extract对以上连接产物进行体外包装以形成完整的噬菌体,并用之转染大肠杆菌ER1647,从而构建成青海血蜱的cDNA表达文库。经测定,所构建青海血蜱cDNA文库的库容量约为2×106PFU/mL,重组率为100%,扩增后文库的滴度为8×109PFU/mL。通过对该文库的免疫学筛选,获得一个编码青海血蜱肌球蛋白碱性轻链的全长cDNA序列。所有结果显示,青海血蜱cDNA表达文库已成功构建。     

镰形扇头蜱唾液腺cDNA文库的构建

构建了镰形扇头蜱唾液腺 c DNA表达文库。用 Trizol试剂提取镰形扇头蜱唾液腺总 RNA,经反转录合成 c DNA第 1链 ,应用 L D- PCR扩增方法 ,合成双链 c DNA。用 Sfi 内切酶修饰此双链 c DNA,使形成两端分别带有 Sfi A和Sfi B的粘末端。经 CHROMA SPIN- 4 0 0柱纯化 ,收集 4 0 0 bp以上的双链 c DNA片段 ,将其连接于带有 Sfi A和 Sfi B末端的λ Tripl Ex2噬菌体载体 ,经体外包装后 ,以 XL1 - Blue为受体菌构建 c DNA表达文库。经测定 ,库容量为7.0 8× 1 0 5,重组率为 95 .2 %。扩增后的文库滴度为 1 .4 5× 1 0 9pfu/ m L。随机挑取 2 0个克隆转化到质粒 p Tripl Ex2 ,经抽质粒、测序得到 2个细胞色素氧化酶全长基因     

利用SMART技术构建羊驼皮肤全长cDNA文库

为了快速、经济和有效地寻找新基因,利用大规模测序及分析技术构建羊驼皮肤组织的基因表达谱,实验构建了羊驼皮肤cDNA文库。Trizol提取皮肤总RNA后,用SMART法构建文库：经反转录反应合成第一链eDNA,用LDPCR法将第一链产物再合成第二链和双链cDNA;经蛋白酶K和Sfi消化后,用CHROM AAPIN-400分离双链cDNA;将合适大小的ds cDNA通过16℃过夜孵育使其转入到载体中,将重组产物在22℃下用λ-phage孵育2h进行包装,制成文库。该cDNA文库的特征为：包装效率为10^6（pfu／mL）,重组率在80％以上。该cDNA文库质量可达到进行后续研究的要求。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.