悬浮MDCK细胞源与鸡胚源H9亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效力比较研究

为探讨MDCK纯悬浮细胞制备的H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫效果,使用10日龄SPF鸡胚和MDCK纯悬浮细胞分别接种H9亚型禽流感 BX13株病毒,收获抗原液,制备2种单价油佐剂灭活疫苗,按照不同免疫剂量对21日龄SPF鸡进行免疫接种,测定免疫后不同时间的血清HI抗体,免疫后21 d翅静脉攻毒,测定疫苗的保护率。结果表明：2种疫苗分别以0.3、0.2、0.1、0.02 mL/只的剂量接种21日龄SPF鸡后,7 d HI抗体均为0log2,免后14 d、21 d时2种疫苗相同免疫剂量组间HI抗体无明显规律性差异。免疫后21 d,2种疫苗0.1mL/只～0.3mL/只的免疫剂量,各组间HI抗体水平无明显差异,可以达到1∶128以上。攻毒试验表明,鸡胚源疫苗0.1 mL/只、MDCK细胞源疫苗0.2mL/只的免疫剂量可以达到10/10保护。本研究为使用MDCK纯悬浮细胞制备的H9亚型禽流感疫苗的深化研究和应用奠定了基础。     

基于悬浮细胞制备的鸡新城疫-H9亚型禽流感二联灭活疫苗(La Sota株+BX13株)安全性和免疫产生期研究

为探讨悬浮细胞制备的鸡新城疫-H9亚型禽流感二联灭活疫苗(La Sota株+BX13株)(以下简称二联灭活疫苗)的安全性和免疫产生期，试验用新城疫病毒(NDV)La Sota株和H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)BX13株分别接种BHK-21和MDCK悬浮细胞，收获抗原液，制备二联灭活疫苗；采用1 mL/只的剂量接种21日龄SPF鸡进行二联灭活疫苗的安全性试验；以0.02、0.05、0.1、0.3、0.5 mL/只的剂量接种21日龄SPF鸡，免疫后7、14、21 d采血测定NDV HI和AIVHI抗体，并于免疫后21日龄攻毒进行免疫保护试验和免疫产生期试验。结果显示：二联灭活疫苗对SPF鸡安全，鸡只无不良反应，疫苗吸收良好；各剂量组免疫后抗体水平均逐渐升高，免疫后21 d NDV HI效价为6.1～8.5 log₂,AIV HI效价为7.5～11.2 log₂；免疫后21 d,0.02 mL/只剂量组对两种毒株的攻毒保护率均为9/10，其余剂量组均为10/10保护。研究表明，二联灭活疫苗对SPF鸡安全，以0.1 mL/只的剂量免疫SPF鸡21 d可...     

鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联灭活疫苗的研究

利用Page A型、B型、C型副鸡禽杆菌和新城疫病毒La Sota株,研制鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗。用3个批次疫苗进行单剂量(0.5mL/次)3次接种和大剂量(2.0mL)单次接种的安全性试验、SPF鸡的免疫效力试验、商品鸡的免疫持续期试验和疫苗的保存期试验。结果表明,3批疫苗对试验鸡安全无副作用;免疫接种SPF鸡只30d后对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫接种SPF鸡21d后新城疫的平均HI抗体24;商品鸡42日龄首免,110日龄二免,二免后9个月对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,对新城疫病毒强毒100%保护;用4℃~8℃保存12个月和15个月的3批疫苗进行了SPF鸡的近期免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫接种后21d新城疫病毒的平均HI抗体24,对新城疫病毒强毒的攻毒保护率70%。说明研制的疫苗安全有效。     

鸡新城疫、禽流感(H9亚型)二联油乳剂灭活疫苗最小免疫剂量试验

将ND-AI(H9亚型)二联苗分别以1.0、0.5、0.2、0.1、0.05、0.02 mL 6个不同剂量免疫5周龄SPF鸡,免疫后3周采血测NDV及AIV 的HI抗体,并用H9亚型AIV及NDV F48株攻击.结果表明,这6个免疫组鸡的NDV HI抗体几何平均效价分别为2 10、2 8.8、2 8.5、2 7.0、2 6.1、2 5.7;AIV HI抗体水平分别为2 9.3、2 8.4、2 7.7、2 5.7、2 5.1、2 2.8;对照组鸡的NDV及AIV HI抗体均为零.攻毒试验证实,以0.1～1.0 mL剂量免疫鸡获得了100%的抵抗NDV及AIV强毒攻击的保护力;0.02 mL和 0.05 mL的免疫剂量也可使其对NDV与AIV的保护率达到90%～100%.     

悬浮培养MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫剂量试验

为研究由悬浮培养的MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型AIV抗原所制备的灭活疫苗的免疫剂量,在生物反应器中悬浮培养MDCK细胞,接种H9亚型禽流感病毒WD98和HN04种毒,收获抗原液,以2种抗原液分别制备2个毒株的单价油佐剂灭活疫苗。每种疫苗均按照0.3、0.2、0.1、0.05mL/只(107.5 EID50/只~105.52 EID50/只)的剂量接种21日龄SPF鸡,免疫接种后3周采血测定AIV的HI抗体,采血后分别用与制苗株同源的H9亚型AIV种毒静脉注射攻毒,测定疫苗保护率。2种疫苗不同剂量免疫接种后21d的AIV HI抗体水平达到3.8log2~5.6log2,对照组鸡AIV HI抗体均为0log2。攻毒试验证实,以105.52 EID50/只~107.5 EID50/只剂量进行免疫接种,免疫鸡只获得了80%以上的保护。按照兽药典H9亚型禽流感疫苗攻毒保护率90%为合格的标准,悬浮培养MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型禽流感疫苗的最小免疫接种剂量为106.82 EID50/只。     

禽流感H9亚型灭活油乳剂疫苗不同剂量的免疫效果比较

将47只28日龄SPF鸡分为4组，第1～3组为试验组，每组12只，分别肌肉注射禽流感H9亚型灭活油乳剂疫苗0．1、0．3、0．5mL／只，第4组11只为对照组。各组鸡在免疫后1、2、3周采血，测定H9抗体水平；在免疫后3周用1：10稀释的AIV H9N2攻毒，0．2mL／只。攻毒后第2、3、4周继续测定H9抗体水平，观察了疫苗对鸡的保护效果。结果显示，0．5mL／只剂量的免疫效果比0．1mL／只和0．3mL／只剂量的免疫效果好；攻毒用的AIV H9N2的致病力低，对所有试验鸡均不致死。     

鸡新城疫、禽流感(H9亚型)二联油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫效力试验

为评价鸡新城疫和禽流感(H9亚型,SY株)二联灭活疫苗(以下简称"二联苗")对SPF鸡的免疫保护效力,进行了血清学效力检验与靶动物免疫攻毒保护相关性的研究及免疫持续期试验。不同抗体水平的SPF鸡攻毒试验结果表明,当NDV HI≥5.0log2,AIV HI≥6.0log2时,分别攻击NDV、AIV,试验鸡的保护率均达到100%;免疫期试验结果表明,二联苗以0.3mL和0.5mL的剂量分别免疫SPF鸡,免疫接种后各试验组鸡均产生较高的HI抗体,其免疫期分别能持续18周和36周。表明二联苗对试验鸡有较好的保护效果。     

植物血凝素对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

试验对植物血凝素在艾维菌雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫过程中的效果进行了研究.经过雏鸡新城疫母源抗体水平的检测后.选择抗体滴度约为2.5 log2的雏鸡90羽,随机分成3组,分别为溶剂对照组、单免组和PHA组.单免组和PHA组分别于7.21 d接种Ⅳ系LaSota弱毒疫苗,PHA组还同时肌肉注射植物血凝素0.01 mL/只.各组鸡于第1次免疫后的14.21,28.35,42.49和56d测定血液中鸡新城疫特异性抗体水平.结果显示,经2次免疫后PHA组鸡的抗体滴度比单免组和对照组鸡的高.差异显著(P<0.05),说明PHA能显著增强雏鸡对LaSota弱毒苗的免疫反应.     

鸡新城疫/传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活疫苗试验研究报告(Ⅲ)——二联苗安全性、免疫效力及保存期试验

用同胚培养的含NDV、IBV胚液制备的二联油乳剂灭活苗(简称鸡二联灭活苗),经免疫效力试验表明,用50倍稀释的鸡二联灭活苗,0.5ml/只剂量免疫18日龄鸡,4周后试验免疫鸡分别进行NDV、IBV强毒攻击,攻毒保护率均在50%以上,证明0.5ml剂量含有50个半数保护量(50个PD_(50)),NDHI抗体≥1:16,IBVN抗体≥1:8便可保护.三批疫苗免疫18日龄鸡,0.5ml/只组免疫鸡体内有效抗体可维持16周以上,0.25ml/只组有效抗体可维持到12周.疫苗在20℃保存4个月有效,4~8℃普通冰箱中保存15个月有效.以3倍免疫量免疫18日龄鸡4周内无任何毒副反应.     

禽流感病毒H5N1变异株灭活疫苗(Re-4株)对鸡、鸭和鹅的免疫效果研究

为系统评估禽流感病毒(AIV)H5N1变异株灭活疫苗(Re-4株)对家禽的免疫效果,本研究将Re-4株油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡和商品蛋鸡、商品鸭及商品鹅。免疫后每周采集血清测定HI抗体,绘制抗体消长曲线,免疫SPF鸡在免疫后2周、3周和50周时以105EID50剂量的强毒株(CK/SX/2/06)进行攻毒。研究结果显示,该疫苗对蛋鸡、鸭、鹅均具有良好的免疫效果,而且SPF免疫鸡血清HI抗体在4log2以上时能够完全抵抗CK/SX/2/06强毒的攻击。因此,根据实验结果推荐该油乳剂灭活疫苗的对上述禽类的免疫程序:商品蛋鸡10日龄颈部皮下注射0.3mL,60日龄和110日龄(开产前)时依次胸肌注射0.5mL和1.0mL进行免疫;商品鸭、鹅在2周龄均以0.5mL首免,5周龄和4月龄左右时以1mL的剂量肌肉注射方式进行加强免疫。     

新城疫-传染性支气管炎-减蛋综合征三联油乳剂苗免疫对比试验

用血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）监测自制ＮＤＲＩＢＥＤＳ、ＮＤＫＩＢＥＤＳ三联油乳剂灭活苗免疫鸡的抗体水平,并进行相应强毒攻击,同时以ＮＤＥＤＳ二联、ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ等自制油苗和进口ＮＤＲＩＢＥＤＳ三联油苗作对照。在此基础上,用自制三联苗免疫产前鸡４批共３８５２只,进行了田间免疫试验。结果表明：１用各种疫苗免疫后,第２０天鸡体ＨＩ抗体达峰值,维持３个月左右,至免疫后３６０天,ＮＤ抗体仍维持在８０ｌｏｇ２以上,ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ和ＥＤＳ的ＨＩ抗体均在７０ｌｏｇ２以上。经检验不同疫苗免疫的鸡相应抗体在同时期内均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。２攻毒试验也表明,自制苗和进口苗具有同等的免疫效果,均获良好的免疫保护。３田间免疫试验表明,自制三联苗免疫效果良好。     

Pathological and immunological study of an in ovo complex vaccine against infectious bursal disease

The appearance of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus at the end of the 1980s made it necessary to develop more effective immunization procedures. To facilitate this, the immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive effect of a mild (G-87), an intermediate (LIBD) and an intermediate-plus (IBDV 2512) IBDV strain were tested after the in ovo inoculation of 18-day-old SPF and broiler chicken embryos. It was established that no noteworthy difference existed between the immunized and the control embryos in hatching rate and hatching weight. The higher the virulence of the vaccine virus strain, the more severe damage it caused to the lymphocytes of the bursa of Fabricius. In SPF chickens, the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres induced by a Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine administered at day old decreased in inverse ratio to the virulence of the IBD vaccine strain, while in broiler chickens this was not observed. Despite the decrease of the HI titre, the level of protection did not decline, or did so only after the use of the 'hot' strain. SPF chickens immunized in ovo with a complex vaccine prepared from strain IBDV 2512 and IBD antibody showed the same protection against Newcastle disease as the broilers. In broiler chicken embryos immunized in ovo, only strain IBDV 2512 induced antibody production, and such chickens were protected against IBD at 3 weeks of age. The complex vaccine administered in ovo has been used successfully at farm hatcheries as well.     

Effect of the Immunity Efficacy of IBD Immune Complex Vaccine on ND La Sota Vaccine

1-day-old SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens were vaccinated with IBD immune complex(IC) vaccine, NDV La Sota vaccine were inoculated simultaneously every one week and every two weeks.NDV La Sota immunization alone was as the control group.At the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week post inoculation, blood samples were taken and the ND HI antibody were tested.Experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent NDV at the 5th week post inoculation, the protective rate of each group was calculated.The results showed the ND HI antibody were not significant different in the combined immunization of IBD IC vaccine priming and NDV La Sota vaccine boost and NDV La Sota vaccine alone immunization (P>0.05).The results indicated that IBD IC vaccine has no immunosuppression on NDV La Sota vaccine in SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens.     

Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine of Avian Reovirus orally delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium

This study aimed to assess the ability of a Salmonella typhimurium-mediated Avain Reovirus DNA vaccine in eliciting antibody production. Six-day-old SPF chickens were orally immunized with SL7207 (pVAX-σC) twice at 2-week interval, detectable antibody was generated 2 weeks after immunization and was significantly higher than the control groups (P<0.01) and ten chickens (66.7%) were considered safe in the subsequent challenge. These results show that SL7207 (pVAX-σC) can induce protective antibody in chickens and the newly-constructed vaccine is also effective in protection chickens against ARV infection.     

4株鸡IBD活疫苗对鸡ND免疫抗体的影响

４株不同毒力鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）活疫苗,分别接种３０ｄＳＰＦ公维,４ｄ后再接种鸡新城（ＮＤ）Ｌａｓｏｔａ系活疫苗,同时每组捕杀５只,观察法氏囊损伤情况,另４组用同１天的ＳＰＦ公无接种ＮＤ－Ｌａｓｏｔｑ系疫苗４天后再接种不同毒力的ＩＢＤ疫苗。试验结果表明,４株ＩＢＤ活疫苗对雏鸡法氏囊不同程度损伤,并且对ＮＤ免疫抗体产生有明显抑制作用。     

Study on the Immunity Effect of Infectious Bursal Disease Immune Complex Vaccine on One-day Old Moderate Maternal Antibody Chick

One-day-old moderate maternal antibody Jinghong chickens and SPF chickens were vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) immune complex (IC) vaccine and BX strain live vaccine,respectively,pathological changes of bursa of fabricius in chickens were observed at the 9th day after immunization.On the 28th day after immunization,blood samples were taken and the IBDV neutralizing antibody were tested,meanwhile experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent IBDV,the protective rates of experimental groups were calculated.The results showed that at the 9th day after immunization,the bursa of fabricius in SPF and Jinghong chickens were normal in IC vaccine group,however atrophic changes of bursa of fabricius in BX strain live vaccine group were shown.At the 28th day after immunization,the IBDV neutralizing antibody of IC vaccine group and BX strain live vaccine group in SPF and Jinghong chickens were 9.2log2,8.5log2,7.2log2 and 4.4log2,respectively,while 100% protection rates were provided.The results provided that IC vaccine had better immunity effect on one-day-old moderate maternal antibody chicken,high levels of neutralizing antibodies against IBDV were produced and protection rates were 100%.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄中等母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗和BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄中等母源抗体水平京红雏鸡,同时免疫1日龄SPF雏鸡作对照,免疫后第9天观察法氏囊病变,免疫后第28天采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后第9天,免疫复合物疫苗组SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡法氏囊均正常,BX株活疫苗组SPF雏鸡法氏囊出现了萎缩病变;免疫后第28天,对照SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡的免疫复合物疫苗组、BX活疫苗组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为9.2log2、8.5log2和 7.2log2、4.4log2,攻毒保护率均为100%。试验结果表明免疫复合物疫苗免疫1日龄中等水平母源抗体雏鸡效果很好,能产生较高的中和抗体,攻毒保护率能达到100%。     

油乳剂灭活疫苗不同接种途径的效力比较试验

采用北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所免疫预防研究室制备的鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合征、传染性脑脊髓炎四联灭活疫苗,分别经颈背侧皮下、胸部肌肉及腿部肌肉共3个部位免疫SPF鸡,免疫后采血,测定ND、IB、EDS HI抗体,并用AEV VR株强毒攻击,攻毒后观察疫苗保护效果,比较不同接种部位对油乳剂灭活疫苗效力的影响。结果证明,经颈背侧皮下、胸部肌肉及腿部肌肉3个部位免疫均可产生同样好的免疫效力。     

滴鼻免疫疫苗对SPF鸡气管功能影响的研究

为研究疫苗滴鼻免疫对鸡气管功能的影响，本研究对SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫疫苗后气管纤毛摆动速率、气管形态结构和黏液分泌进行了研究。80只7日龄SPF鸡随机分为对照组和试验组，每组40只，试验组SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗，对照组滴鼻生理盐水；于免疫后的第0、2、4和6天，每组每次随机剖杀10只鸡，应用红细胞示踪法测定气管纤毛摆动速率，采集气管制备石蜡组织切片进行HE和奥新蓝pH 2.5和pH 1.0染色。结果发现，疫苗免疫后的第0和2天试验组SPF鸡纤毛摆动速率较对照组升高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；滴鼻免疫后SPF鸡气管结构完整，无明显损伤；滴鼻免疫后试验组SPF鸡气管酸性黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著高于对照组（P<0.05），而后明显降低，于免疫后的第6天又有所升高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；硫酸化黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著升高（P<0.05），而后降低并与对照组相一致。结果表明，新城疫疫苗滴鼻免疫后前两天SPF鸡气管黏液分泌增多，而后恢复到正常水平，疫苗的免疫对气管形态结构和纤毛的摆动速率无明显影响。     

鸡滑液囊支原体活疫苗(MS-H株)同时免疫对新支二联活疫苗免疫效力影响的调查

为了解新支二联活疫苗和鸡滑液囊支原体活疫苗之间有无相互影响,选用70只1日龄SPF鸡随机分为4组进行比对试验,其中:G1组20只,联合免疫新支二联苗活疫苗和鸡滑液囊支原体活疫苗(MS-H株);G2组20只,为新支二联活疫苗单独免疫组;G3组20只,为传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)攻毒组;G4组10只,为空白对照组。免疫后21 d时采血,血凝抑制(HI)试验进行新城疫(ND)血清抗体检测,同时G1、G2和G3组IBV强毒点眼攻毒,并于攻毒后第5天剖检,进行气囊评分。所有试验鸡剖检时,采集气管进行IBV再分离及病理观察。结果:G1和G2组的NDV抗体阳性率分别为94.74%和100%,其平均效价分别为4.26和4.35,剩余2组阳性率均为0;气管IBV再分离结果显示G1和G2组新支二联苗的保护率分别为88.24%和89.47%;气管病理学观察显示G3组出现了典型的传染性支气管炎(IB)病理变化,而G1组和G2组未出现明显IB病理变化。研究表明,同时免疫MS-H活疫苗并未对新支二联活疫苗的免疫效力产生影响。