生鲜肉中3种食源性致病菌Taqman多重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立一种可快速特异检测生鲜肉中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7的多重实时荧光定量PCR方法,试验针对沙门氏菌invA基因、金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因和大肠杆菌O157:H7 wzx基因的保守序列分别设计引物和Taqman探针,建立多重qPCR反应体系,进行特异性、灵敏度和重复性研究,用该方法检测30份生鲜肉中的3种食源性致病菌,并与国标法进行比较。结果表明:该方法只扩增3种靶细菌,对其它供试菌不扩增;金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度均为105拷贝数/μL,大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测灵敏度为10~4拷贝数/μL;该方法的重复性良好;对30份生鲜肉进行检测,检出3份沙门氏菌、4份金黄色葡萄球菌和7份大肠杆菌O157:H7,与国标检测方法相比,大肠杆菌O157:H7和金黄色葡萄球菌各有1份样品不符合,其它阳性样品完全一致。说明建立的基于Taqman探针的多重荧光定量PCR检测方法可以特异、快速地实现对生鲜肉中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测。     

应用测试片快速检测食品中的大肠杆菌O157：H7

目的应用大肠杆菌O157:H7测试片快速检测食品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7。方法对大肠杆菌O157:H7测试片的各项指标及影响因素进行测试,并将其应用于食品检测。结果大肠杆菌O157:H7测试片的检测灵敏度高,其对纯菌的检测低限可达3cfu/mL;特异性较强,与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌等21种非目的菌无交叉反应;快速,24h内可报告阴性检测结果。应用该测试片检测各种食品206份,检测结果与SN标准的符合率达到98.5%。结论应用测试片检测食品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7具有快速、方便、经济、无需昂贵设备等优点。该测试片可适应于食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速初筛。     

饲料中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7双重PCR检测方法的建立

根据肠出血性大肠杆菌(enterohemorrhagic E.coli,EHEC)O157∶H7的O抗原编码基因rfb E和H抗原编码基因fli C分别设计引物,建立双重PCR方法。饲料样品人工污染EHEC O157∶H7后进行增菌培养,利用双重PCR进行检测EHEC O157∶H7。结果表明:建立的PCR方法能够特异性扩增出目的条带,敏感性可达到100 cfu细菌。双重PCR方法可以有效地检测出饲料中人工污染的EHEC O157∶H7,人工污染饲料样品经4 h预增菌处理后,该方法的检测下限为20 cfu细菌。本研究建立的双重PCR方法可快速、特异地检测出饲料中污染的EHEC O157∶H7,可用于饲料中EHEC O157∶H7的检测及流行病学调查。     

大肠杆菌O_(157)∶H)7荧光PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为了建立大肠杆菌O157∶H7荧光PCR检测方法,试验参照Gen Bank中已发表的大肠杆菌O157∶H7的O抗原RFBE基因序列,针对保守区序列设计了特异性引物和探针,优化了反应体系和反应程序,评价了该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性,并进行了临床样品检测。结果表明:该方法的特异性和重复性好,具有较高的敏感性,最低检测浓度为5 cfu/mL;用该方法检测60份冻肉样品,得到的结果与传统的细菌分离鉴定法一致。说明建立的大肠杆菌O157∶H7荧光PCR方法是快速鉴定大肠杆菌O157∶H7的有效方法,具有较大的应用价值。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7实时定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的大肠杆菌O157:H7的Flic(H7)基因序列进行同源性比较分析,选择保守序列设计一对特异性扩增引物,通过优化反应条件,建立一个用于大肠杆菌O157:H7快速定量检测的实时定量PCR方法.该方法的最低检测极限是103CFU/mL,敏感性比常规PCR提高10倍.方法重复性好、特异性强,重复性检测的变异系数均小于2%;只能检测大肠杆菌O157:H7,对非大肠杆菌O157:H7血清型细菌、猪链球菌2型、副猪嗜血杆菌无反应.利用此方法对模拟样本进行定量检测,其结果与平板细菌计数基本一致,表明此方法可作为大肠杆菌O157:H7快速诊断和疫情监测的一种快速、准确、简便的检测工具.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7抗原基因及毒力基因多重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank公布的大肠杆菌O157:H7的菌体抗原基因rfb E、鞭毛抗原基因fli C、溶血素基因hly A、紧密黏附素基因eae A和志贺样毒素基因stx1和stx2的序列,同源性比较后选择保守序列分别设计6对特异性的引物及相应的Taqman探针,rfb E/eae A、Stx1/hly A、fli C/Stx2探针5'端分别标记为FAM、HEX、CY5荧光报告基团,3'端均标记为BHQ1荧光淬灭基团。通过优化反应体系和程序,建立2个能够快速、特异性地检测大肠杆菌O157:H7及其4个主要毒力基因的三重荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,该方法灵敏度高,stx1、rfb E、fli C、eae A、hly A、stx2的最低检测限分别为20、30、20、20、30和40拷贝数/μL;特异性试验证明,该菌与其他菌种无交叉反应;重复性好,变异系数均小于2%;检测过程耗时约1 h。将建立的荧光定量PCR体系应用到人工染菌模拟猪肉样品试验中,未富集或富集8 h后测得大肠杆菌O157:H7的最低检出限分别为200 cfu/m L与1 cfu/m L。以上结果表明,本试验所建立的三重荧光定量PCR方法的敏感性、重复性及特异性均较好,可作为同时快速检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7及其毒力基因的方法。     

大肠杆菌O157∶H7实时定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的大肠杆菌O157∶H7的Flic(H7)基因序列进行同源性比较分析,选择保守序列设计一对特异性扩增引物,通过优化反应条件,建立一个用于大肠杆菌O157∶H7快速定量检测的实时定量PCR方法。该方法的最低检测极限是103CFU/mL,敏感性比常规PCR提高10倍。方法重复性好、特异性强,重复性检测的变异系数均小于2%;只能检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7,对非大肠杆菌O157∶H7血清型细菌、猪链球菌2型、副猪嗜血杆菌无反应。利用此方法对模拟样本进行定量检测,其结果与平板细菌计数基本一致,表明此方法可作为大肠杆菌O157∶H7快速诊断和疫情监测的一种快速、准确、简便的检测工具。     

3种病原菌多重IMS-荧光RPA检测体系的建立及初步应用

建立一种同时检测沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7和布氏杆菌的快速、灵敏、高通量的检测方法。利用特异性免疫磁珠,在37℃条件下从200 mL样液体系中循环捕获目标致病菌。磁珠液提取DNA后,对3种病原菌进行多重IMS-荧光RPA检测。结果表明:针对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7和布氏杆菌的检测限分别达到3.0、4.5和8.7 CFU/mL。使用新建多重IMS-荧光RPA方法对人工感染60份皮张、毛皮纺织品DNA样本进行扩增,结果显示与预期结果一致;对60份公共场所收集的皮张、毛皮、纺织品DNA样本进行扩增,结果显示有2个样本沙门氏菌阳性、1个样本大肠杆菌O157:H7阳性,3份阳性样品送测序,测序结果与GenBank检索沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7 DNA序列一致。得出结论:建立的多重IMS-荧光RPA检测体系灵敏度、特异性、准确度符合要求,能够在2 h内完成对3种病原菌检测,可以作为快速应对此三类病原菌安全突发事件的检测手段。     

LUX^TM荧光PCR快速检测沙门氏菌的研究

本研究针对沙门氏菌invA基因的保守序列,设计特异的LUX^TM荧光标记引物,通过优化反应奈件和参数,建立可快速检测沙门氏菌的LUX^TM荧光PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法高度敏感,其对纯菌的检测低限达到10^2cfu／mL,经6h增菌培养后检测,对样品液的检测低限达到1cfu／mL;特异性强,测试的全部13株沙门氏菌标准和参考菌株均呈阳性反应,测试的全部27株非目标菌均呈阴性反应;重复性好,定量检测批内和批间的变异系数均小于2％。应用本方法检测食品样品240份,结果检出阳性4份,与TaqMan荧光PCR和SN标准检测结果完全一致。本方法可在8h内完成对样品中沙门氏菌的检测,其检测的快速性、敏感性和特异性与TaqMan荧光PCR技术相当,且检测成本较低。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7双重PCR快速检测试剂盒的研制

为了研制一种快速、准确诊断大肠杆菌O157:H7的PCR方法,试验根据GenBank收录的大肠杆菌O157:H7全基因组序列,设计并合成了2对可扩增rfbE(O157)和Flic(H7)基因片段的特异性引物,建立双重PCR快速检测大肠杆菌O157:H7的方法,并研制出检测试剂盒。结果表明:该检测试剂盒对大肠杆菌O157:H7能特异性地扩增出rfbE和Flic基因的目的片段;对大肠杆菌O157:H30、O157:H9、O157:H25、O157:H19只能扩增出rfbE而不能扩增出Flic基因的目的片段;对大肠杆菌DH5α、猪链球菌2型和副猪嗜血杆菌没有扩增出任何目的片段;细菌DNA的最低检测极限是50 pg;在-20℃条件下保存1,3,6,9,12个月后,其敏感性都没有发生改变,均能检测到50 pg的大肠杆菌O157:H7DNA模板。     

多重荧光PCR检测水产品致病菌方法的建立与应用研究

根据沙门氏菌invA基因、副溶血性弧菌toxR基因和大肠杆菌O157：H7 RFBE基因的保守序列,设计引物和探针,通过优化反应体系,测定其灵敏度和特异性,建立了可同时检测上述三种致病菌的多重实时荧光PCR方法。该方法对纯茵的检测灵敏度均低于1O cfu／PCR反应体系。人工染菌样品经6h增菌,检测的灵敏度可低于10c...     

猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7广西分离株的鉴定

为了解大肠杆菌O157:H7是否在猪场存在,采集有拉稀症状猪的粪便,接种到新生霉素mEC增菌肉汤,增菌培养后转接到O157:H7显色培养基上,对可疑菌株用因子血清和PCR方法做进一步鉴定,实验结果证实得到5株大肠杆菌为O157:H7血清型。动物试验发现,5个分离菌株对小白鼠的致死率为33.3%—100%之间。调查结果证实广西猪群中存在强致病性的O157:H7血清型大肠杆菌。     

Detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by using a multiplex real-time PCR assay for genes encoding intimin and Shiga toxins

A multiplex real-time PCR (R-PCR) assay was designed and evaluated on the ABI 7700 sequence detection system (TaqMan) to detect enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in pure cultures, feces, and tissues. Three sets of primers and fluorogenic probes were used for amplification and real-time detection of a 106-bp region of the eae gene encoding EHEC O157:H7-specific intimin, and 150-bp and 200-bp segments of genes stx1 and stx2 encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2, respectively. Analysis of 67 bacterial strains demonstrated that the R-PCR assay successfully distinguished EHEC O157:H7 serotype from non-O157 serotypes and provided accurate profiling of genes encoding intimin and Shiga toxins. Bacterial strains lacking these genes were not detected with this assay. The detection range of the R-PCR assay for the three genes was linear over DNA concentrations corresponding from 10(3) to 10(8)CFU/ml of EHEC O157:H7. The R-PCR allowed construction of standard curves that facilitated quantification of EHEC O157:H7 in feces and intestinal tissues. Detection sensitivity of the R-PCR assay ranged from 10(4) to 10(8)CFU/g of feces or tissues without enrichment. Enrichment of feces in a non-selective broth for 4 and 16h resulted in the detection of levels (from 10(0) to 10(3)CFU/g of feces) considered sufficient for infection in humans. The R-PCR assay for eae(O157:H7), stx1, and stx2 proved to be a rapid test for detection of EHEC O157:H7 in complex biological matrices and could also potentially be used for quantification of EHEC O157:H7 in foods or fecal samples.     

Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle feces using a polymerase chain reaction-based fluorogenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan) detection assay after secondary enrichment.

Currently, methods for recovering and identifying Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle feces are inconsistent and hindered by their inability to specifically and rapidly detect small numbers of organisms from this complex and highly variable matrix. A standard approach for isolating and characterizing E. coli O157:H7 from cattle feces was compared with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based 5' nuclease assay specific for E. coli O157:H7 that included a secondary enrichment step. The PCR-based method proved a better indicator of the presence of the organism than the culture procedure. Retests indicated that the inclusion of a secondary enrichment step and the subsequent analysis by the 5' nuclease assay were reproducible and specific. Escherichia coli O157:H7 could be detected in fecal samples that were otherwise negative after a primary enrichment step, immunomagnetic separation, and plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar plates containing cefixime and tellurite (CT-SMAC). In samples that were initially identified as culture positive but PCR negative, retesting of the culture isolates on CT-SMAC indicated that the sorbitol fermentation interpretations could frequently not be repeated in retests, whereas retesting using the 5' nuclease assay on the original samples demonstrated a high level of agreement with the initial PCR conclusions. These results indicate the necessity of confirmatory evaluation of isolates culturally recovered by standard cultural methods that involve the interpretation of CT-SMAC. The high level of disagreement between initial culture results and retests, and the high level of agreement between initial PCR results and retests, indicates the advantages of a gene-based detection system for identifying E. coli O157:H7 in cattle feces. Screening large numbers of fecal samples for E. coli O157:H7 would appear to be feasible by integrating the use of enrichment media in serial rounds of incubation with a PCR-based fluorogenic detection procedure in high throughput detection systems that had automated liquid-handling capabilities.     

Simultaneous occurrence of selected food-borne bacterial pathogens on bovine hides, carcasses and beef meat

The aim of this study was to determine the simultaneous occurence of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), and Campylobacter spp. in slaughtered cattle and in beef meat subjected for human consumption. A total of 406 bovine hides and 406 corresponding carcasses were used to collect the samples with a swab method after exsanguination and evisceration of animals, respectively. Furthermore, 362 beef meat samples were purchased in local retail shops over the same period of time as for the bovine samples. Food-borne bacterial pathogens were identified with standard ISO methods with some modification by the use of PCR for VTEC. The isolated bacteria were then molecularly speciated (Campylobacter), serotyped (L. monocytogenes) and characterized for the presence of several virulence marker genes (VTEC and Campylobacter). It was found that 49 hide (12.1%) and 3 (0.7%) carcass samples were contaminated with more than one bacterial pathogen tested. Most of the hides were positive for Campylobacter spp. and VTEC (27 samples) and Campylobacter spp. together with L. monocytogenes (12 samples). Eight bovine hides contained L. monocytogenes and VTEC while L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were detected in one sample. Furthermore, 3 pathogens (Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and VTEC) were simultaneously identified in one bovine hide tested. In case of bovine carcasses 2 samples contained Campylobacter spp. and VTEC whereas one carcass was positive for L. monocytogenes and VTEC. On the other hand, 10 out of 362 (2.8%) minced beef samples were contaminated with at least two pathogens tested. The majority of these samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. (6 samples). It was noticed that equal number of C. jejuni and C. coli were found, irrespective of the origin of the samples. Most of the strains possessed more than one pathogenic factor as identified by PCR. Molecular serotyping of L. monocytogenes revealed that the majority of the isolates (27 out of 31; 87.1%) belonged to 1/2a serogroup. It was found that most of the VTEC isolates possessed the Shiga toxin stx2 gene (12 strains) whereas only 2 strains were str1-positive. The eneterohemolysin and intimin markers were identified only in 7 and 2 isolates, respectively. PCR analysis revealed that 4 VTEC belonged to O91 serogroup, 2 strains were O145 and 1 isolate was identified as O113. None of the VTEC detected in the study was O157 serogroup.     

Study on Seasonal Impact to the Distribution of Bovine E.coli O157: H7 in Xinjiang

To study the impact of season to the distribution of bovine E.coli O157:H7,samples of anus swabs (399),feces (68),water (29) and feed (43) were collected in the spring, summer,autumn and winter from A,B and C farms of Xinjiang. After enrichment by EC broth, SMAC and MUG selective culture were then performed. Finally,PCR was used for identification and virulence gene detection of isolated strains. A total of 5 E.coli O157:H7 strains were isolated from 539 samples from three farms (0.93%,5/539), 2 of them were from spring (1.44%,2/139),1 from autumn(0.56%,1/180),2 from winter (1.38%,2/145) and no strains were isolated from summer samples. One strain were isolated from anus swab samples in farm B (0.69%,1/145) and one were isolated from anus swabs (0.66%,1/152) and three strains were isolated from feed samples in farm C (20.00%,3/15),and no target strains were isolated from water samples. The distribution of bovine E. coli O157:H7 had obvious seasonal characteristics.One E.coli O157:H7 strain of farm B was isolated from autumn and four of farm C were from isolated spring (2 strain) and winter (2 strain),and the isolation rate of E. coli O157:H7 in spring and winter were higher than that in summer and autumn. In conclusion,under the special climate characteristics and feeding mode in Xinjiang,to prevent and control the spreading of E. coli O157:H7 of cattle,we must pay great attention on hygiene management of pens at cold season, specially avoiding the feed contaminated by feces.     

Comparison of DNA isolation methods and detection of Salmonella spp. from animal faeces and dust using invA real-time PCR

There is a strong interest to reduce the expenditure for the detection of Salmonella spp. from animal faeces and environmental samples from primary production according to ISO 6579:2002 Annex D by including a rapid and effective method to detect Salmonella spp. already after pre-enrichment in BPW. It has been shown that real-time PCR methods are very effective to detect Salmonella organisms after pre-enrichment of foods. However, materials from primary animal production compose of much higher amounts of substances which might inhibit the sensitivity of real-time PCR. Different techniques of DNA isolation after pre-enrichment of artificially inoculated bovine faecal material were used to compare their detection limit and detection probability using an invA 5' nuclease real-time PCR approach. A detection probability of 100% was shown at 10(5) cfu/ml using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany), at 10(4) cfu/ml using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit (Roche, Germany) and at 10(3) cfu/ml using thermal cell lysis or an in-house lab protocol, respectively. In comparison DNA isolation by thermal cell lysis revealed a very good detection limit, low costs and almost no risks of contamination. Furthermore, caecal contents from pigs were analysed by ISO 6579:2002 Annex D and the invA real-time PCR using thermal cell lysis for DNA extraction. As a result neither false positive nor false negative findings were obtained. Inclusion of the real-time PCR after pre-enrichment of samples in BPW followed by bacterial detection of Salmonella only with samples positive with real-time PCR might be a valuable tool to fulfil the international standard of ISO 6579:2002 Annex D but also to diminish the expenditures. However, it must be stated that the modification of an international standard method and its use in routine diagnostic requires the validation and registration of national and/or international competent authorities.     

牛源大肠杆菌O157：H7的分离及毒力基因鉴定

从2个牛场采集新鲜粪便,增菌后,免疫磁珠富集,涂布筛选性培养基,挑取可疑菌落用rfbE/fliC二重PCR和血清学方法鉴定。设计毒力基因stx1、stx2、eae、hlyA和tccp相应引物,针对O157：H7对分离株进行PCR鉴定。口服攻毒链霉素处理的BALB/c小鼠明确分离株致病性。结果显示,成功分离到7株出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7,并且有1株迟缓性发酵山梨醇麦康凯培养基。毒力基因检测显示,其中6株毒力因子表型为stx1-stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,另有1株表现型为stx1＋stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,各分离株tccp基因均为阳性,但携带的重复片段数量有差异。所采集样品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7的检出率高达12%。1×1010 CFU同剂量口服接种经PBS洗涤的5株O157：H7分离株全菌,小鼠存活率有差异分别为40%,50%,60%,20%,50%,各分离株在小鼠体内排菌时间也有差异分别为攻毒后7,9,13,13,15d。